Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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          <pb o="107" file="0113" n="122" rhead="QVARTO"/>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9546" xml:space="preserve">Dalle dette coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9547" xml:space="preserve">dall’opera di legname gli artifici, con le loro ſculture, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9548" xml:space="preserve">nelle opre di pietra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9549" xml:space="preserve">di Marmo de i ſacri
              <lb/>
            Tempi, imitato hanno le diſpoſitionni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9550" xml:space="preserve">hanno giudicato, ch’egli ſia da ſeguitare quella loro inuentione, percioche
              <lb/>
            gliantichi ſabbri edificando in un certo luogo, hauendo coſi poſte le traui dalle parti di dentro de i pareti all’eſtre-
              <lb/>
            me, che uſciuano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9551" xml:space="preserve">ſportauano in fuori dal parete, compoſero ancho quello, che fra traue è traue poner ſi doueua,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9552" xml:space="preserve">ornarono con opre di legname gratioſamente quello, che ſopra le cornici, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9553" xml:space="preserve">le ſommità ſi poneua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9554" xml:space="preserve">poi taglia-
              <lb/>
            rono à piombo drittamente gli ſporti de i trauicelli per quanto uſciuano in fuori, ilche parendogli fenza garbo fiſſe
              <lb/>
            ro ſopra le teſte tagliate de i trauicelli nella fronte alcune tauolette formate nel modo, che hora ſono i Triglifi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9555" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            quelle dipinſero con cera biaua, accioche le tagliature de i trauicelli non offendeſſero la uiſta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9556" xml:space="preserve">coſi nelle opere Do-
              <lb/>
            richele diuiſioni de i trauicelli, coperti con la diſpoſitione dei Trigliſi cominciarono hauer lo ſpatio poſto tra i tra-
              <lb/>
            uicelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9557" xml:space="preserve">illetto delle trauature.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9558" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9559" xml:space="preserve">Hadetto Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9560" xml:space="preserve">che ſopra le colonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9561" xml:space="preserve">i pilaſtri ua la trauatura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9562" xml:space="preserve">ſopra la trauatura il tetto, ò colmo, ba eſposto le parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9563" xml:space="preserve">le ragioni del
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0113-01" xlink:href="note-0113-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            colmo, hora cieſpone come da quelle parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9564" xml:space="preserve">dalle opere di legno ſtati ſono trasferiti gli ornamenti nelle opere di pietra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9565" xml:space="preserve">ci diḿostra
              <lb/>
            come nelle opere Doriche i Triglifi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9566" xml:space="preserve">i Modiom ſiano ſtatipreſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9567" xml:space="preserve">nelle lonichei Dentelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9568" xml:space="preserve">dice che i Trighſi, che ſono membrelli Scan
              <lb/>
            nellati ſopra l’ Architraue nelle opere Doriche ſono fatti ad imitatione delle teſte delle traui, imperoche gli antichi Fabri edificando ti-
              <lb/>
            rauano le traui da un muro all’altro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9569" xml:space="preserve">ui laſciauano alquanto di ſpatio tra quelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9570" xml:space="preserve">faceuano ſportar le teſte delle traui ſuori del muro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9571" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ſopra quelli ornauano le Cornici, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9572" xml:space="preserve">i Frontiſpicij, ma poi tagliauauo quelle teste à pari del parete, ilche offendeua l’occhio, pero affig-
              <lb/>
            geuano à quelle teſte alcune tauolette, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9573" xml:space="preserve">le dipigneuano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9574" xml:space="preserve">incerauano al modo, che hoggi ſono i Triglifi con quelli canali, che pareno eſſer
              <lb/>
            fatti per riceuere le goccie dalla cornice, da queſto gli Architettinelle opere di Pietra hanno fatto i Trigliſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9575" xml:space="preserve">le Metope cioc glt ſpacijtra
              <lb/>
            uno Trigliſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9576" xml:space="preserve">l’altro, che rappreſentano le diuiſioni diun Trigliſo dall’altro, come d’un traue dall’altro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9577" xml:space="preserve">Similmente i Mutili, o Modio-
              <lb/>
            ni ſono ſtati preſi nelle opere Doriche di pietra dalle opere dalle legname queſti rappreſentano gli ſporti de i canticri ſotto le cornici, come i Tri-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0113-02" xlink:href="note-0113-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            glifirappreſentano gli ſporti delle traui ſopra l’Architraue, queſti Modioni ſono piegati, accioche aiutino à cader l’acque. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9578" xml:space="preserve">Sono piu larght,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9579" xml:space="preserve">di men groſſezza dei Trigliſi, il luogo loro è ſotto le Cornici, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9580" xml:space="preserve">la figura qui ſotto lo dimoſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9581" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9582" xml:space="preserve">lo dice à queſto modo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9583" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9584" xml:space="preserve">Dapoi altri ſono ſtati, che in altre opere à piombo dritto dei triglifi faceuano ſportarin fuori i cantieri, è piegare
              <lb/>
            i loro ſporti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9585" xml:space="preserve">allhora come dalla diſpoſitione delle traui uennero i triglifi, coſi da gli ſporti de i cantieri ſotto i goc-
              <lb/>
            ciolatoi è ſtata la ragione de i Mutuli ritrouata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9586" xml:space="preserve">Et coſi nelle opere di pietra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9587" xml:space="preserve">di marmo ſi formano ſcolpiti i mo-
              <lb/>
            dioni inchinati, ilche non è altro, che la imitatione de i cantieri, percioche di neceſſita per lo cadimento dell’acque ſi
              <lb/>
            fanno piegarin fuori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9588" xml:space="preserve">però la ragione ſi de i trigliſi, come de i modioni nelle opere doriche è ſtata da quella imita-
              <lb/>
            tione ritrouata percioche non come alcuni errãdo hanno detto che i Triglifi ſono le imagini delle fineſtre, coſi puo
              <lb/>
            eſſer, percioche i Triglifi ſi põgono ne glianguli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9589" xml:space="preserve">contra i quadri delle colonne, ne i quai luoghi niuna ragion uuo
              <lb/>
            le, che ſi facciano le fineſtre, percioche le giunture delle cantonate fi slegano ne gli edificn, ſe in quelle ſi lalcieranno
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0113-03" xlink:href="note-0113-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            i lumi delle fineſtre.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9590" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9591" xml:space="preserve">Le cantonate de gli Edificij deono eſſer fortisſime, perche ſono come l’oſſa delle fabriche, la doue non poco errore e di colui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9592" xml:space="preserve">non piccioldanno
              <lb/>
            dell’ediſicio, ſe il cantone ſi apre con qualchc ſoro, non è adunque buona l’opinione di quelli, che uogliono i Triglifi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9593" xml:space="preserve">le Metope rappreſen-
              <lb/>
            tare le Finestre, perche oltra che laragione non conſente, ſeguiterebbe, che nelle opere Ioniche i Dentelli poteſſero ſimilmente rappreſen-
              <lb/>
            tare i fori delle Fineſtre, ilche non puo eſſer come dice Vitruuio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9594" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9595" xml:space="preserve">ce inſegna ad un tratto l’origine de i Dentelli nelle opere Ioniche
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9596" xml:space="preserve">dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9597" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9598" xml:space="preserve">Et di piu ancho ſe doue hora ſi fanno i Triglifi, iui ſerà giudicato che ſiano ſtati gli ſpacij de i lumi, per la iſteſſa ragio-
              <lb/>
            ne ci può parere, che nelle opere Ioniche i Dentelli habbiano occupato il luogo dellc Fineſtre, percioche amendue
              <lb/>
            gli ſpatij, che ſono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9599" xml:space="preserve">tra i Dentelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9600" xml:space="preserve">tra i Trigliſi, Metope detti ſono, perchei Greci chiamano Ope i letti delle
              <lb/>
            traui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9601" xml:space="preserve">de gli Aſſeri, come i noſtri i chiamano caui Colombari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9602" xml:space="preserve">coſi lo ſpatio delle traui poſto tra due Ope, ap-
              <lb/>
            preſſo i Greci Metopa è nominato, in modo, che ſi come per auanti nelle opere Doriche è ſtata rittrouata la ragio-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0113-04" xlink:href="note-0113-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            ne de i Triglifi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9603" xml:space="preserve">de i Modioni, coſi nelle Ioniche la ordinatione de i Dentelli nelle opere tiene la forza ſua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9604" xml:space="preserve">Et ſi
              <lb/>
            come i Modioni rappreſentano la imagine de gli ſporti de i cantieri, coſi nelle Ionichei Dentelli da gli ſporti de gli
              <lb/>
            Aſſeri hanno preſa la imitatione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9605" xml:space="preserve">però nelle opere de Greci non è chi ſotto il Modione metta i Dentelli, perche
              <lb/>
            non poſſono ſtare gli Aſleri ſotto i cantieri. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9606" xml:space="preserve">Quello adunque, che ſopra i cantieri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9607" xml:space="preserve">i tempiali ueramente deue
              <lb/>
            eſſer poſto, ſe nella rappreſentatione ſerà poſto di ſotto ci dara forme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9608" xml:space="preserve">ragione dell’opera piena di menda.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9609" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9610" xml:space="preserve">Adunque nelle opere Ioniche i Dentelli rendono la ſimiglianza de gli ſporti de gli Aſſeri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9611" xml:space="preserve">perche gli Aſſeri ſono ſopra i Cantieri, pero i Den-
              <lb/>
            telli ſono ſoprai Modioni, queſto è ſtato oſſeruato da i Greci. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9612" xml:space="preserve">Similmente egli è un’altro auuertimento ſondato ſopra laregola, che dalle ue-
              <lb/>
            re uſanze di natura ſi deono prender gli adornamenti dell’arte, e questo auuertimento è poſto da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9613" xml:space="preserve">qui ſotto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9614" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9615" xml:space="preserve">Etancho gli antichi non laudarono mai, ne commendarono, che ne gli Frontiſpici ſi haueſſe à fare i Modioni, ò uero i
              <lb/>
            dentelli, ma ſolamente le corone ſchiette, perche ne i cantieri, ne gli Aſſeri uanno contra le fronti de i Faſtigi, ne
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0113-05" xlink:href="note-0113-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            poſſono ſportare, ma piegano uerſo i grondali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9616" xml:space="preserve">però quello, chein uerità non ſi può fare, giudicarono gliantichi
              <lb/>
            non poter hauere determinata ragione, ſe egli fuſſe nelle imagini rappreſentato, percioche nelle perfettioni delle
              <lb/>
            opere trapportarono ogni coſa con certa propietà, dalle uere uſanze di natura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9617" xml:space="preserve">niente approuarono, che la eſpli
              <lb/>
            catione del ſatto nelle diſputationi non poteſſe hauere la ſua ragione tolta dal uero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9618" xml:space="preserve">però da quelle origini ci la-
              <lb/>
            ſciarono ordinate le conuenienze delle miſure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9619" xml:space="preserve">le proportioni di tutte le maniere, i principii dellequali hauendo
              <lb/>
            ſegnitato di ſopra ho detto de i precetti delle opere Ioniche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9620" xml:space="preserve">Corinthie. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9621" xml:space="preserve">Hora eſponero la ragione Dorica, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9622" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            tutta la forma ſua.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9623" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9624" xml:space="preserve">Ogni coſa di ſopra detta à me facile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9625" xml:space="preserve">iſpedita ſi moſtra, ma poco da molti Architetti ſi è conſiderato quello, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9626" xml:space="preserve">dice, cioe che noi non do-
              <lb/>
            uemo far coſa, che non habbia del ueriſimile, ne rappreſentare imagine alcuna che dal uero non habbia principio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9627" xml:space="preserve">che cadendo in diſputatio-
              <lb/>
            ne nõ ſi habbia donde ricorrere, per ſoſtentarla. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9628" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9629" xml:space="preserve">adunque biaſimaper opinione de gli antichi i dentelli, ò modioni ſatti ne gli fronteſpicij,
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0113-06" xlink:href="note-0113-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            perche rappreſentando quelli i cantieri, ò gli aſſeri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9630" xml:space="preserve">non uenendo i cantieri, ò gli aſſeri uerſo le fronti,non è poßibile con ragione ſar iui i den
              <lb/>
            telli, ò i modioni, doue à niuna coſa ſi riſpcnde. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9631" xml:space="preserve">Ma l’uſanza ha uinto la ragione, perche ſenza riguardo nelle opcre antiche tutto di ſi uedeno
              <lb/>
            è dentelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9632" xml:space="preserve">modioni nelle teſte de fronteſpicij, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9633" xml:space="preserve">pare che tale ornamento ſtia bene, tutto che non ci ſia ragione: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9634" xml:space="preserve">la forma de i dentelli Vit.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9635" xml:space="preserve">ce la inſegnata di ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9636" xml:space="preserve">noi con le figure l’hauemo dimoζtrato, mala forma delle opere Doriche doue oltra i triglifi ui uanno di ſopra i mo-
              <lb/>
            dioni è qui ſotto diſſegnata.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9637" xml:space="preserve"/>
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