Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div303" type="section" level="1" n="40">
          <pb o="115" file="0121" n="130" rhead="QVARTO"/>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9994" xml:space="preserve">Eſſaminamo le parole di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9995" xml:space="preserve">il titolo del capo è queſto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9996" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9997" xml:space="preserve">Della diſtributione interiore de le Celle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9998" xml:space="preserve">del Pronao.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s9999" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10000" xml:space="preserve">Adunque Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10001" xml:space="preserve">ci mostra come ſi habbia à compartir la Cella, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10002" xml:space="preserve">ancho quella parte, che ui ua dinanzi, adunque altro è Tempio, altro Cella, al-
              <lb/>
            tro Portico, altro Pronao. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10003" xml:space="preserve">Il Tempio è il tutto, la Cella è la parte rinchiuſa, e cinta de Parete, il Portico è il Colonnato, che ua d’intorno,
              <lb/>
            Pronao è quella parte che è dinanzi la Cella, che da i lati ha due ale di parete continuati alli Pareti da i lati della Cella, nel fine delle quali ſo-
              <lb/>
            no le ante, dice adunque Vitr.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10004" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10005" xml:space="preserve">La longhezza del Tempio ſi comparte in modo, che la larghezza ſia la metà della longhezza.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10006" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10007" xml:space="preserve">Cioe tutto il Tempio con la Cella, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10008" xml:space="preserve">Colonnato ò Portico, ha in proportione doppia la longhezza, alla larghezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10009" xml:space="preserve">queſto è uero nelle fronti
              <lb/>
            di quattro Colonne, ma doue ui ua Portico non riſponde à punto, percioche gli intercolunni di mezzo nelle fronti ſono maggiori che gli altri,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10010" xml:space="preserve">gli ſpatij ſono regolati, ma ci manca poco.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10011" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10012" xml:space="preserve">La Cella ſia per la quarta parte piu longa di quello che è la larghezza.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10013" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10014" xml:space="preserve">Cioe parti la larghezza del Tempio in quattro parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10015" xml:space="preserve">fa la longhezza della Cella d’una parte piu che ſeran cinque, qui ciauanzano tre par-
              <lb/>
            ti, liquali ne i Tetraſtili d’ogni aſpetto in ogni genere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10016" xml:space="preserve">in ogni ſpecie ſi danno al Pronao ſolo quando non uie Postico, ouero ſi danno al Pro-
              <lb/>
            nao, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10017" xml:space="preserve">al Poſtico quando ci ſono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10018" xml:space="preserve">Queſto compartimento rieſce ne i Tetrastili à punto, ma non coſi nelle altre ſpecie, dice adunque.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10019" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10020" xml:space="preserve">La Cella ſia per la quarta parte piu lunga di quello che è la larghezza.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10021" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10022" xml:space="preserve">Et comprende nella longhezza della Cella, ancho la groſſezza de muri , dicendo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10023" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10024" xml:space="preserve">Con quel Parete , nel qual ſtate ſeranno collocate le porte.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10025" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10026" xml:space="preserve">Cioe il Parete neila ſronte della Cella, perche in quello ſono le apriture delle porte.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10027" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10028" xml:space="preserve">Le altre tre parti della entrata dinanzi detta Pronao, ò Antitempio ſi deono eſtendere inanzi fin à i pilaſtri de Pareti,
              <lb/>
            iquali pilaſtri hauer deono la groſſezza delle Colonne.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10029" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10030" xml:space="preserve">Ecco, che egli fa le Ale dette Pteromata, lequali fanno il Pronao, ſe cinque parti uanno nella longhezza della Cella, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10031" xml:space="preserve">ſe il Tempio è longo il
              <lb/>
            doppio della larghezza ſua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10032" xml:space="preserve">ſe una di quelle cinque e un quarto della larghezza del Tempio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10033" xml:space="preserve">Seguita, che la longhezza ſia di otto par-
              <lb/>
            ti, dellequali trattone cinque per la longhezza della Cella, ne reſtan tre per l’Antitempio, ma le ale di eſſo meglio è che ne habbian due laſcian
              <lb/>
            do la fronte in colonne, terminano quelle ale in pilaſtri, i quali come ho detto eſſer deono della groſſezza delle colonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10034" xml:space="preserve">perche queste ale
              <lb/>
            poſſono eſſer molto diſtanti, pero dice Vitr.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10035" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10036" xml:space="preserve">Et ſe il Tempio ſerà di larghezza piu di piedi uenti trappongaſi tra i due pilaſtri due colonne, che partiſchino lo ſpa-
              <lb/>
            cio dell’ala, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10037" xml:space="preserve">dello Antitempio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10038" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10039" xml:space="preserve">Ecco quella parola (Ala) che in Greco è detta Pteroma ſigniſica quel muro, che da i lati abbraccia l’Antitempio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10040" xml:space="preserve">lo diuide è ſepara & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10041" xml:space="preserve">in
              <lb/>
            queſta ſignificatione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10042" xml:space="preserve">Nel X V I I. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10043" xml:space="preserve">Libro della Coſmographia Stradbone piglia quella parola Pteron.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10044" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10045" xml:space="preserve">Etancho i tre intercolumni, che ſeranno tra i pilaſtri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10046" xml:space="preserve">le colonne ſiano, interchiuſi con pozzi di Marmo, ò uero di
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0121-03" xlink:href="note-0121-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            opera di legname in modo però, che habbiano i Fori, per liquali entrar ſi poſſa nello Antitempio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10047" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10048" xml:space="preserve">Non ſolamente poſſono eſſer tre iutercolumni tra que pilaſtri, ma ancho cinque, come ne gli aſpetti di dieci colonne, queſti intercolumni in tutti
              <lb/>
            glialtri aſpetti ſono tre, percioche non ſi mette à conto il Portico ſemplice, ò doppio che ſia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10049" xml:space="preserve">Tra questi adunqne ſi poneuano alcuni ſeragli
              <lb/>
            ò di Marmo, ò di legno non piu alti di quello, che ſarebbe il poggio s’egli ui andaſſe, la cella haueua le ſue porte ordinarie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10050" xml:space="preserve">il ſuo parete alto,
              <lb/>
            che la chiudeua, ma l’Antitempio haueua le ſue entrate per gli intercolumni tra i pilaſtri delle ale.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10051" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10052" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe la larghezza della Fronte ſera maggiore di piedi quaranta, egli ſi deue porre altre colonne dalla parte di dentro
              <lb/>
            all incontro di quelle, che trappoſte ſeranno tra i pilaſtri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10053" xml:space="preserve">ſiano di quella altezza, che ſono le eſteriori nella fronte.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10054" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10055" xml:space="preserve">Puo auuenire che lo Antitempio ſia molto largo in fronte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10056" xml:space="preserve">che ancho occupa grande ſpatio, come nelle opere di dieci colonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10057" xml:space="preserve">ancho in quel
              <lb/>
            le di otto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10058" xml:space="preserve">di ſei, pero nello ſpatio di dentro dello Antitempio ſi puo & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10059" xml:space="preserve">deue porre delle colonne per ſoſtenimento, lequali riſpondino alle
              <lb/>
            colonne della fronte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10060" xml:space="preserve">ſiano di quella iſteſſa altezza, che stia bene, ma quando lo ſpatio non ſuſſe molto grãde par molto buono laſciare
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0121-04" xlink:href="note-0121-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            lo Antitempio libero ſenza colonne. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10061" xml:space="preserve">Tralo Antitempio, Per quanto ſi uede ſeparato dal portico , cioe egli ſi poteua andare à torno il Tempio
              <lb/>
            per ſotto il portico, ſenza entrare nello Antitempio ilquale haueua i ſuoi Plutei cioe Parapetti di Marmo ò di legno , come dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10062" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10063" xml:space="preserve">chia-
              <lb/>
            ma opera inteſtina quella di legno, erano ancho di pietra cotta i Parapetti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10064" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10065" xml:space="preserve">Grande autorità porgeua l’Antitempio, percioche con piu uenerationi s’entraua nel Tempio entrando prima in uno andito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10066" xml:space="preserve">non uenendo coſi
              <lb/>
            preſto al luogo della adoratione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10067" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10068" xml:space="preserve">Ma le groſſezze di quelle ſiano aſſottigliate con queſte ragioni, che ſe quelle fronti ſeranno per otto parti, queſte ſia-
              <lb/>
            no di noue, ma ſe quelle di noue ò di dieci queſte ſiano per la rata parte.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10069" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10070" xml:space="preserve">Vuole Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10071" xml:space="preserve">che le colonne poste ſotto ò dentro dello Antitempio ſiano alte tanto, quanto ſono quelle delle fronti, ma non uuole, che ſiano coſi groſ-
              <lb/>
            Te, laragione è dallo iſteſſo dimoſtrata.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10072" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10073" xml:space="preserve">Perche ſe nello aere rinchiuſo alcune ſeranno aſſottigliate non ſi potranno diſcernere, ma ſe pareranno piu ſottili. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10074" xml:space="preserve">Bifo
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0121-05" xlink:href="note-0121-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            gna che ſe le colonne di fuori haueranno uentiquattro ſcannellature le di dentro ne habbiano uentiotto, ò uero
              <lb/>
            trentadue, coſi quello, che ſi leua dal corpo del fuſto con l’aggiunta del numero delle ſcannellature, ſi accreſceia con
              <lb/>
            ragione, accioche meno ſi ueda; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10075" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10076" xml:space="preserve">coſi con ragione diſpari agguagliata ſerà la groſſezza delle colonne. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10077" xml:space="preserve">Et queſto
              <lb/>
            auuiene, perche l’occhio toccādo piu punti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10078" xml:space="preserve">piu ſpesſi uiene à uagare con maggior circoito della uiſta; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10079" xml:space="preserve">perche ſe ſe
              <lb/>
            ranno due colonne di groſſezza eguale con una linea d’intorno miſurate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10080" xml:space="preserve">di quelle una non ſia ſcannellata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10081" xml:space="preserve">l’al-
              <lb/>
            tra ſi; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10082" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10083" xml:space="preserve">quella linea tocche i corpi d’intorno i caui delle ſcannellature, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10084" xml:space="preserve">gli anguli de i piani, benche le colonne ſo
              <lb/>
            no egualmente groſſe; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10085" xml:space="preserve">non ſeranno però le circondate linee eguali, percioche il circuito de i piani, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10086" xml:space="preserve">de i caui fara
              <lb/>
            maggior lunghezza di quella linea. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10087" xml:space="preserve">La doue ſe queſto parera (come detto hauemo) non ſera fuor di propoſito fa-
              <lb/>
            re ne i luoghi anguſti, è in rinchiuſo ſpatio, i compartimenti delle colonne nell’opera piu ſottile hauendo noi l’aiu-
              <lb/>
            to della temperatura delle ſcannellature.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10088" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10089" xml:space="preserve">Hauendo Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10090" xml:space="preserve">dichiarito quanto alte eſſer deono le colonne interiori dell’Antitempio, egli ci moſtra le ragioni delle loro groſſezze, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10091" xml:space="preserve">uuole,
              <lb/>
            che quelle ſiano piu ſottili, che le eſteriori. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10092" xml:space="preserve">Laragione è in pronto, perche (ſi come di ſopra nel Terzo Libro) egli uuole, che le colonne an-
              <lb/>
            gulari ſiano piu groſſe, che quelle di mezzo, perche l’aere leua della uista di quelle coſi commenda in queſto luogo, che le colonne interiori ſia-
              <lb/>
            no piu ſottili delle eſteriori, percioche con ragione ſi pareggier anno queſte à quelle leuando l’aere dalle eſteriori, quello che la ragione toglie
              <lb/>
            dalle interiori, ne ſolamente l’aſſottigliar le colonne di dentro un ottauo, ò uer un nono ſecondo la rata parte fa queſlo eſſetto di pareggiarle, ò
              <lb/>
            farle parer pari alle colonne di fuori, ma ancho il numero delle ſcannellature fa parer pari una coſa piu ſottile ad una piu groſſa : </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10093" xml:space="preserve">percioche
              <lb/>
            quanto piu ſcannellature ſono, tanto la colonna pare piu groſſa, perche l’occhio noſtro ha piu da ſpatiare allbora, quando ſono piu termini,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10094" xml:space="preserve">maggiori nella coſa ueduta, che quando ne ſono meno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10095" xml:space="preserve">minori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10096" xml:space="preserve">hauendo piu da ſpatiare la coſa piu grande ſi dimostra , pcrò quella
              <lb/>
            colonna, che hauera piu ſcannellature ci parer à maggiore, che quella che ne hauerà meno, hauendo la colonna, che tiene piu ſcannellature, piu
              <lb/>
            termini, che quella, che ne ha meno, come ſi uede rauolgendo un filo d’intorno l’una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10097" xml:space="preserve">l’altra, perche piu filo ſi conſumer à nella piu ſcan-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0121-07" xlink:href="note-0121-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            nellata, che ne la meno, ſacendo però, che il filo tocchi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10098" xml:space="preserve">i piani, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10099" xml:space="preserve">i caui di tutto il corpo della colonna : </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10100" xml:space="preserve">come la eſperienza ci dimoſtra.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10101" xml:space="preserve">Et coſi col numero delle ſcannellature ſi porge rimedio alla diſſaguaglianza delle colonne, hora andiamo alla groſſezza de imuri.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10102" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10103" xml:space="preserve">Fare biſogna la groſſezza de i muri della cella per la rata parte della grandezza, pure che i pilaſtri di quelli eguali ſiano
              <lb/>
            alle groſlezze delle colonne, Et ſe i mnri ſeranno ordinatamente fatti ſiano murati con minutisſimi cementi.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10104" xml:space="preserve">Ma di Quadrato ſaſſo , ò uero di Marmo s’hanno à fare, faccianſi con puri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10105" xml:space="preserve">molto piccioli quadretti, percioche le
              <lb/>
            pietre di mezzo, che contengono i corſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10106" xml:space="preserve">rincalzi di mezzo hanno piu ferma la perfettione dell’opera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s10107" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
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