Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div338" type="section" level="1" n="49">
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11085" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="130" file="0136" n="145" rhead="LIBRO"/>
            ces,) in queſta ſignificatione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11086" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11087" xml:space="preserve">Et di ſpeſſe colonne, 10 ſtimo che qui Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11088" xml:space="preserve">intenda Picnoſtilo, come ne i Tempi ſacri intendeua lo ſpacio ſtretto da una colonna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11089" xml:space="preserve">l’al-
              <lb/>
            tra d’un Diametro è mezzo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11090" xml:space="preserve">che questa ſia la uera intelligentia lo dimoſtrano le parole di ſotto, quando dice, che nelle Città d’italia non
              <lb/>
            ſi deono al modo Greco fabricare le piazze, perche altro uſo era quello d’italia, che quello de Greci, però, dandoſi in italia i doni à gladia-
              <lb/>
            torinel Foro, eraneceſſario d’intorno à gli ſpettacoli dare grandi ſpatij tra le colonne.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11091" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11092" xml:space="preserve">Ecco che egli oppone queſte parole, à quelle, che di ſopra ha detto, Con ſpeſſe colonne.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11093" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11094" xml:space="preserve">Dice ancho Meniana, che noi eſponemo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11095" xml:space="preserve">Poggiuoli.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11096" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11097" xml:space="preserve">Silegge che Menio uendè à Catone la caſa ſua, che era ſopra la piazza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11098" xml:space="preserve">ſi riſeruò una ſola Colonna, ſopra laquale uifece un Tauolato, ò
              <lb/>
            Solaro, per poter ſtarui ſopra à ueder le feſte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11099" xml:space="preserve">ancho uolle, che i poſterigoder poteſſero questo priuilegio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11100" xml:space="preserve">di qui è nato, che i pog-
              <lb/>
            giuoli, ò pergolate coperte, che ſportano in fuori, ſi chiamauano Meniana, da quella Colonna di Menio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11101" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11102" xml:space="preserve">Queſte Meniane adunque erano all’uſo commode, perche iui ſi ſtaua à uedcr i giuochi, erano utili, perche iui ſi ſeruauano le coſe, che ſi uende-
              <lb/>
            uano, è comprauano, come ſono i Panti in Anuerſa, riſpetto à i Falchi ò Solari.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11103" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11104" xml:space="preserve">Legrandezze delle piazze far ſi deono ſecondo la moltitudine de gli huomini, accioche al commodo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11105" xml:space="preserve">uſo non
              <lb/>
            ſia ſpacio picciolo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11106" xml:space="preserve">riſtretto ouero per lo poco numero delle perſone il foro non paia dishabitato. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11107" xml:space="preserve">La larghezza
              <lb/>
            di eſſo ſia determinata in modo, che diuiſa la lunghezza in tre parti due di quelle ſe le diano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11108" xml:space="preserve">coſi la ſua forma
              <lb/>
            ſerà bislonga.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11109" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11110" xml:space="preserve">Piace à Leon Battista, che la lunghezza ſia di due quadri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11111" xml:space="preserve">ui aggiugne ancho una bella conſider atione, che è queſta, cioè che gliedificij che
              <lb/>
            ſeranno à torno la piazza ſiano in modo proportionati, che non facciano parere la piazza ſtretta eſſendo molto alti, ò non la facciano
              <lb/>
            parer troppo ampia eſſendo molto basſi, è depresſi, però egli uuole che gli edifici ſiano alti per la terza parte della larghezza del Foro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11112" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11113" xml:space="preserve">Et la Diſpoſitione utile à gli ſpettacoli.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11114" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11115" xml:space="preserve">Qui ſi deue conſiderare, perche cagione la forma bislonga ſia piu commoda, che la quadrata perfetta, certoe, che la figura ritonda è piu capa
              <lb/>
            ce d’ogn’altra ſigura, poila quadrata perfetta, però douemo conſiderare perche la bislonga ſia piu commoda alla ragione de gli ſpettacoli,
              <lb/>
            perche ſe guardano alla capacità, e piu capace la quadra, ſe al commodo de i gladiatori certo hanno maggior ſpatio nella bislonga, come, che
              <lb/>
            nelle gioſtre è piu commoda la lunghezza per lo corſo de i caualli, ſe conſideramo la ragione della proſpettiua, e piu al propoſito la quadra-
              <lb/>
            ta, perche tutte le parti d’intorno hanno piu uicinanza al centro, però laſcio queſta conſideratione à chi legge.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11116" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11117" xml:space="preserve">E adunque neceſſario fare il foro ſecondo la moltitudine, accio non ſi conuenga far quello, che ſece Auguſto, ilqual fece fare un Foro, benche
              <lb/>
            picciolo appreſſo due, che ui erano per la moltitudine de gli huomini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11118" xml:space="preserve">delle liti, ſecelo picciolo per non dar noia a i patroni delle uicine caſe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11119" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11120" xml:space="preserve">Queſto Foro era la doue ſono hora gli horti dietro à Morforio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11121" xml:space="preserve">alla Chieſa di Santa Martina, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11122" xml:space="preserve">fu fatto con molta fretta, ſi ordinò, che
              <lb/>
            quiui ſi trattaſſero igiudiij publici, ſi aſſortlſſero i giudici, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11123" xml:space="preserve">il Senato ancho ſi raunaſſe per conſultar delle guerre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11124" xml:space="preserve">de i Trionfi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11125" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            che qui poi i uincitori Capitani poneſſero le ſpoglie de i loro Trionſi, hebbe queſto due bellisſimi portichi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11126" xml:space="preserve">fu adornato di coſe rari, ſime.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11127" xml:space="preserve">
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0136-03" xlink:href="note-0136-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            Ma che non ruina il tempo, che non diſtrugge la guerra, che non muta la gente?</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11128" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11129" xml:space="preserve">Queſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11130" xml:space="preserve">altri Fori, come che molti ſiano stati bellisſimi con tutti i loro ornamenti, ò caduti da ſe, ò gettati à terra, ò tramutati in altre Fa-
              <lb/>
            briche ſono ſtati. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11131" xml:space="preserve">Faceuanſi i portichi molto ricchi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11132" xml:space="preserve">grandi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11133" xml:space="preserve">con piu ordini di colonne, puſo de i quali era fuggire le pioggie, per star-
              <lb/>
            ui all’ombra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11134" xml:space="preserve">paſſeggiare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11135" xml:space="preserve">per fuggir ogni noia della grauezza dello aere, chiamauanſi dalla lor grandezza miliarij, ò ſtadiarij,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11136" xml:space="preserve">dalla lor maniera Dorici, Corinthi, Ionici, Thoſcani, ò ſotterranei, altri erano conſecrati ài Dei. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11137" xml:space="preserve">Erano in ſomma adornamenti delle
              <lb/>
            piazze merauiglioſi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11138" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11139" xml:space="preserve">Le colonne di ſopra ſiano per la quarta parte manco delle Colonne di ſotto, perche le coſe inferiori riſpetto al peſo,
              <lb/>
            che portano, deono eſſer piu ferme, che le di ſopra ne manco perche egli biſogna imitar la natura delle naſcenti co-
              <lb/>
            ſe, come ne gli alberi ritondi come è l’Abete, il Cipreſſo, il Pino, de iquali non è alcuno, che piu groſſo non ſia dalle
              <lb/>
            radici, ma poi creſcendo con naturale reſtrignimento di ſopra à poco à poco peruiene alla Sommità. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11140" xml:space="preserve">Se adunque la
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0136-04" xlink:href="note-0136-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            natura delle coſe, che naſcono coſi richiede drittamente ſi ordìna, che delle coſe inferiori le ſoperiori ſiano in lar-
              <lb/>
            ghezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11141" xml:space="preserve">groſſezza piu riſtrette.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11142" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11143" xml:space="preserve">Bello auuertimento è queſto di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11144" xml:space="preserve">nel preſente luogo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11145" xml:space="preserve">Vuole egli, che ſe uorremo ſopra le colonne del portico porre altre colonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11146" xml:space="preserve">leuar la
              <lb/>
            fabrica con piu ordini di Taſſelli, ò Solari, biſogna auuertine di far le colonne di ſopra piu ſottili la quarta parte delle colonne di ſotto;
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11147" xml:space="preserve">ma la ragione delle colonne inferiori uuole l’Alberto che ſia preſa dalle colonne della Baſilica, dellaquale ſi dirà poi piu abbaſſo, da queste la
              <lb/>
            ragione delle colonne di ſopra ſerà regolata, però uolendo Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11148" xml:space="preserve">che reſtrignendo la groſſezza delle Colonne di ſopra per un quarto, ſiano
              <lb/>
            ancho nell’altezza con debita proportione ſcemate ad imitatione delle coſe, che naſcono, c creſcono, come ſono gli alberi, che piu grosſi ſo-
              <lb/>
            no dal piede, che nella cima. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11149" xml:space="preserve">Il ſimile ſi puo dire de i monti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11150" xml:space="preserve">d’altre coſe, che hanno peſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11151" xml:space="preserve">ſermezza, ben douemo auuertire che’l primo
              <lb/>
            ordine di colonne era Dorico, il ſecondo Ionico, il terzo Corinthio; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11152" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11153" xml:space="preserve">che non ſeguita, che ſe lė colonne di ſotto ſono la quarta parte in
              <lb/>
            groſſezza maggiori, che le colonne di ſopra, che ancho ſiano in altezza maggiori, la quarta parte, perche ſe la colonna Dorica poſta di ſot
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0136-05" xlink:href="note-0136-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            to è di piedi quattro per Diametro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11154" xml:space="preserve">ſerà alta piedi uentiotto, la diſopra che ſer à Ionica ſe ben ſer à di piedi tre per Diametro, che è un
              <lb/>
            quarto men groſſa della colonna di ſotto, non ſerà però un quarto menore di altezza della colonna di ſotto, perche ſerà di otto teſte è
              <lb/>
            mezza, che ſono piedi 24. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11155" xml:space="preserve">è mezzo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11156" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11157" xml:space="preserve">Le Baſiliche ſiano congiunte al Foro nelle parti piu calde che ſia posſibile accioche i negotiatori il uerno ſenza mole-
              <lb/>
            ſtia de i cattiui Tempi à quelle ſi poſſano trasferire.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11158" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11159" xml:space="preserve">Auuertir douemo che Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11160" xml:space="preserve">col Foro abbreccia le Baſiliche, l’Erario, il Carcere è la Curia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11161" xml:space="preserve">però mi pare che in una pianta ſola ſi doureb-
              <lb/>
            be rappreſentar il Foro la Baſilica l’Erario, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11162" xml:space="preserve">la Curia, accioche quelle, coſe, coſe che fannoil Foro ſiano diſpoſte à i luoghi ſuoi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11163" xml:space="preserve">Dice Vitr
              <lb/>
            nel terzo capo di queſto lìbro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11164" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11165" xml:space="preserve">Quando ſerà fornito il Foro biſogna eleggere il luogo molto ſano, per gli Spettacoli.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11166" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11167" xml:space="preserve">Ecco che il Foro abbracciaua la Curia, le Baſiliche, l’Erario, le Carceri: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11168" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11169" xml:space="preserve">ſi legge la Baſilica bellisſima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11170" xml:space="preserve">merauiglioſisſima di Paulo Emi-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0136-06" xlink:href="note-0136-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            lio eſſer ſtata nel mezzo del Foro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11171" xml:space="preserve">Scriue Plutar. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11172" xml:space="preserve">che Paulo Emilio ſpeſe 900. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11173" xml:space="preserve">milia Scudi in far quella Baſilica. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11174" xml:space="preserve">Credeſi che ſia tra la chie-
              <lb/>
            ſa, che è hora di Santo Adriano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11175" xml:space="preserve">il bel Tempio di Fauſtina, Baſilica (ſe uolemo interpretare il nome ſuona Caſa Regale,) & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11176" xml:space="preserve">in eſſa ſi ſo-
              <lb/>
            leua tener Corte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11177" xml:space="preserve">render ragione à coperto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11178" xml:space="preserve">trattarſi ancho di grandi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11179" xml:space="preserve">importanti negotij. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11180" xml:space="preserve">Vuole adunque Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11181" xml:space="preserve">che in luoghi piu
              <lb/>
            caldi, che ſi puo, ſian poſte le Baſiliche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11182" xml:space="preserve">ne rende laragione, che è la commodità de negotiatori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11183" xml:space="preserve">intendi luoghi caldi quelli, che ſono ri-
              <lb/>
            uolti dal Settentrione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11184" xml:space="preserve">dall’A quilone, come egli eſpone nel decimo dopo del preſente libro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11185" xml:space="preserve">Dapoi ci da le miſure, dicendo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11186" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11187" xml:space="preserve">Et le larghezze di quelle non minori, che per la terza parte, ne maggiori che per la metà della lunghezza ſi facciano, ſe
              <lb/>
            la natura del luogo non impedirà, ouero sforzerà à mutar miſura.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11188" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11189" xml:space="preserve">Vuole che la Baſilica habbia non ſo che da far col Tempio ma non però in modo, che eguale grandezza ſe la dia, perche molto piu degna coſa
              <lb/>
            è il Tempio che la Baſilica. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11190" xml:space="preserve">In quanto adunque la Baſilica tiene una certa conuenientia col Tempio ella ſi uſurpa molte ragioni del Tempio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11191" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11192" xml:space="preserve">Et però poco àapoi dirà Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11193" xml:space="preserve">che le ragioni de gli Architraui, freggi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11194" xml:space="preserve">gocciolatoi ſi piglieranno dalla Simmetria delle Colonne, ſi come nel
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0136-07" xlink:href="note-0136-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            terzo libro ha dichiarito. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11195" xml:space="preserve">La Baſilica adunque imit a piu preſto, che pareggi il Tempio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11196" xml:space="preserve">Vuole adunque l’Alberto, che per la moltitudine de i
              <lb/>
            litiganti, per li notai, e ſcrittori ſia la Baſilica molto piu libera, molto piu aperta, e luminoſa, accioche i difenſori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11197" xml:space="preserve">i clienti cercando ſi l’un
              <lb/>
            l’altro ſi posſino in un giro d’occhio uedere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11198" xml:space="preserve">Gliantichi aggiunſero alla Baſilica uno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11199" xml:space="preserve">due tribunali: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11200" xml:space="preserve">uno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11201" xml:space="preserve">due portichi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11202" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11203" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe’l luogo ſerà ln lunghezza piu ampia poſte ſiano neglieſtremile Chalcidiche come nclla Giulia Aquiliana.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11204" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11205" xml:space="preserve">L’Alberto legge Cauſidica, non Chalcidica, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11206" xml:space="preserve">uuole che Cauſidica ſia una aggiuuta alla lunghezza della Baſilica per trauerſo nella
              <lb/>
            teſta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11207" xml:space="preserve">che faccia la forma d’un T. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11208" xml:space="preserve">doue ſtauano gli auuocati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11209" xml:space="preserve">cauſidici à diſputar le cauſe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11210" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11211" xml:space="preserve">Trouaſi che Chalcidicum è una ſorte di edificio detto dalla Città Chalcidia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11212" xml:space="preserve">che era un’edificio grãde e ſpatioſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11213" xml:space="preserve">ſorſe questo uuole vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11214" xml:space="preserve">che </s>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
Impressum