Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

Table of Notes

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          <pb o="11" file="0015" n="15" rhead="PROEMIO."/>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s946" xml:space="preserve">L’arte del miſurare è detta Geometria; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s947" xml:space="preserve">questa gioua al diſſegno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s948" xml:space="preserve">è quella, che alla predetta pratica del diſſegno ſouuiene con la ragione, co-
              <lb/>
            me ſi uede nella uoluta del capitello Ionico, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s949" xml:space="preserve">in molte proportionate miſure; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s950" xml:space="preserve">oltra di queſto perche ſpeſſo auuiene, che è neceſſario liuellare
              <lb/>
            i piani, tirare à ſquadra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s951" xml:space="preserve">drizzare i terreni, però è neceſſario hauere la Geometria, come ſi uede del liuellare le acque nell’ottauo, del-
              <lb/>
            la diuiſione dell’opere, nel primo, del miſurare i terreni, nel nono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s952" xml:space="preserve">finalmente per ogni parte; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s953" xml:space="preserve">doue ſi può dire la Geometria eſſer madre
              <lb/>
            del diſſegno, biſogna adunque hauere la facilità del diſſegno biſogna hauere la ragione, la quale è poſta in ſapere la cagione de gli effetti fatti
              <lb/>
            con la regola, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s954" xml:space="preserve">col compaſſo, che ſono le linee dritte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s955" xml:space="preserve">le piegate, gli archi, i uolti, le corde, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s956" xml:space="preserve">le dritture per uſare i nomi della pra-
              <lb/>
            tica. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s957" xml:space="preserve">La Geometria adunque dal punto prouede le linee disteſe, le torte, le pendenti, le piane, lequediſtanti, gli angoli giuſti, gli stretti,
              <lb/>
            i larghi, le ſommitati, i circoli interi, i diminuiti, i composti, le figure de piu lati, le ſuperficie, i corpiregolari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s958" xml:space="preserve">gl’irregolari, le pirami
              <lb/>
            di, le ſpere, i coni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s959" xml:space="preserve">altre ſimiglianti, che alle colonne, à gli architraui, alle cube, tribune, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s960" xml:space="preserve">à molte altre coſe de gli edificij; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s961" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s962" xml:space="preserve">coſi la
              <lb/>
            Geometria è neceſſaria allo Architetto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s963" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s964" xml:space="preserve">questa hebbe Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s965" xml:space="preserve">come appare in molti luoghi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s966" xml:space="preserve">ſpecialmente al ſeſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s967" xml:space="preserve">ottauo libro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s968" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s969" xml:space="preserve">Per la proſpettiua anche nelle fabriche ſi pigliano i lumi da determinate parti del cielo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s970" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s971" xml:space="preserve">Proſpettiua è nome del tutto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s972" xml:space="preserve">nome della parte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s973" xml:space="preserve">Proſpettiua in generale è quella, che dimostra tre ragioni del uedere, la dritta, la rifleſſa, la
              <lb/>
            riſranta, ne la dritta ſi comprende la cagione de gli effctti, che fanno le coſe uiſibili medianti i lumi poſti per dritto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s974" xml:space="preserve">La riſleſſa è laragione del
              <lb/>
            riſalimento de i raggi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s975" xml:space="preserve">gli effctti che ſi fanno come da gli ſpecchi piani, caui, ritorti, riuerſci, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s976" xml:space="preserve">altre figure. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s977" xml:space="preserve">La rinfranta è la ragione
              <lb/>
            delle coſe, che appaiano per mezzo d’alcuna coſa lucida, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s978" xml:space="preserve">traſparente: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s979" xml:space="preserve">come ſotto l’acqua, per lo uetro, oltra le nubi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s980" xml:space="preserve">questa proſpet-
              <lb/>
            tiua ſi chiama, proſpettiua de i lumi naturali, ſpeculatiua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s981" xml:space="preserve">di grande conditione tra le parti della Filoſofia; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s982" xml:space="preserve">percioche il ſuggetto ſuo è la
              <lb/>
            luce giocondisſima alle uiſte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s983" xml:space="preserve">agli animi de mortali, la doue eſſendo noi nelle stanze rinchiuſi per difeſa del freddo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s984" xml:space="preserve">del caldo, neceſſa-
              <lb/>
            rio è che habbiamo la diletteuolisſima preſenza della luce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s985" xml:space="preserve">del lume, ſia egli, ò dritto, ò rifleſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s986" xml:space="preserve">però è neceſſario che l’Architetto hab
              <lb/>
            bia la proſpettiua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s987" xml:space="preserve">Ma quando come parte è preſa, riguardando alla pratica ſuol far coſe marauiglioſe ingannando gli occhi humani per le
              <lb/>
            distanze de i luoghi ritrouando lo inganno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s988" xml:space="preserve">Queſta ſopra i piani dimoſtra i rilieui, le diſtanze, il fuggire, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s989" xml:space="preserve">lo ſcorciare delle coſe corpo-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0015-02" xlink:href="note-0015-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            rali, con un punto reggendo il tutto, come ſi dir à; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s990" xml:space="preserve">però nel Terzo libro al ſecõdo capitolo uuole Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s991" xml:space="preserve">che le colonne angolari ſieno piu groſſe,
              <lb/>
            percioche l’aere circonſtante diminuiſce. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s992" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s993" xml:space="preserve">leua della uiſta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s994" xml:space="preserve">nel fine del detto libro commanda, che tutti i membri ſopra i capitelli come
              <lb/>
            ſono architraui, ſregi, gocciolatoi, frontiſpitij ſieno inclinati per la duodecima parte, ciaſcuno della fronte ſua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s995" xml:space="preserve">queſto ſolo per la uiſta,
              <lb/>
            come ſi dirà nel ſeſto anche al ſecondo capitolo parla alcune coſe della proſpettiua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s996" xml:space="preserve">per le quali ſi comprende quella eſſer allo Architetto ne-
              <lb/>
            ceſſaria & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s997" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s998" xml:space="preserve">non eſſerne stato imperito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s999" xml:space="preserve">finalmente le pitture delle Scene altro non ſono, che proſpettiua.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1000" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1001" xml:space="preserve">Col mezo dell’Arithmetica ſi fa la ſomma delle ſpeſe, ſi dimoſtra la ragione delle miſure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1002" xml:space="preserve">con modi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1003" xml:space="preserve">uie ragione-
              <lb/>
            uoli ſi trouano le difficili queſtioni delle proportionate miſure.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1004" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1005" xml:space="preserve">Il uulgo stima quelle pratiche nate dalle Mathematice, che noi ſopra dicemmo eſſer uere arti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1006" xml:space="preserve">eccellentisſime uirtuti, ilche non è, pericò che
              <lb/>
            non rendeno le ragioni delle coſe, benche dimoſtrino effetti diletteuoli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1007" xml:space="preserve">belli, Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1008" xml:space="preserve">(come ho detto) abbraccia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1009" xml:space="preserve">la principale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1010" xml:space="preserve">la
              <lb/>
            meno principale, come ſi uede nell’ Arithmetica, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1011" xml:space="preserve">s’ha ueduto nella predetta ragione della Geometria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1012" xml:space="preserve">del diſſegno, l’abbaco prima è ue-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0015-03" xlink:href="note-0015-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            nuto dalla uera Arithmetica, et queſto è neceſſario per far conto delle ſpeſe, imperoche uano ſarebbe il diſſegno, uana la ſatica del principiare, ſe
              <lb/>
            l’opera per alcuno impedimento restaſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1013" xml:space="preserve">tra molti impedimenti la ſpe ſa è il principale, doue al Decimo libro nel proemio loda Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1014" xml:space="preserve">la leg-
              <lb/>
            ge de gli Eſeſii, come ſi uede in quel luogo della pena de gli Architctti, che piu ſpendeuano di quello, che haueuano affcrmato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1015" xml:space="preserve">promeſſo.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1016" xml:space="preserve">Ma benche ageuolmente ſi faccia il conto, non però ageuolmente ſi conoſce ſopra che ſar ſi debbia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1017" xml:space="preserve">però Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1018" xml:space="preserve">nel predetto proemio dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1019" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1020" xml:space="preserve">Solamente quelli, che con ſottigliezza delle dottrine prudenti ſono, farebbeno profesſione d’Architettura.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1021" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1022" xml:space="preserve">Ma piu à dentro penetrando oltra la pratica del numerare, che coſiste nella rappreſentatione de i numeri, nelraccorre, nel’abbattere, nel
              <lb/>
            moltiplicare, nel partire, nel radoppiare, nello ſmezzare, nel cauare le radici, ſi de gli interi, come de i rotti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1023" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1024" xml:space="preserve">anche in una certa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1025" xml:space="preserve">ordi-
              <lb/>
            nata ſalita de numeri, che progresſione ſi chiama; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1026" xml:space="preserve">utile è l’Arithmetica à dimostrare le ragioni delle miſure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1027" xml:space="preserve">à ſciorre le dubitationi,
              <lb/>
            che per Geometria ſono indiſſolubili, come ci dimostra nel Nono hauere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1028" xml:space="preserve">Platone, Pitagora, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1029" xml:space="preserve">Archimede ritrouato, come iui ſi uede.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1030" xml:space="preserve">E in uerò, uero è quello che dice Plat che gli huomini di natura Arithmetici atti ſono à tutte le diſcipline, come quelli, che in ſe habbino prõtez-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0015-04" xlink:href="note-0015-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            za, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1031" xml:space="preserve">altezza di ſpirito. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1032" xml:space="preserve">Ma perche cagione Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1033" xml:space="preserve">di queſte cognitioni tocca le ſpeculatiue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1034" xml:space="preserve">le pratiche? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1035" xml:space="preserve">certò non per altro, che per di-
              <lb/>
            moſtrare eſſer uero, quanto egli ha di ſopra detto, che ci uuole diſcorſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1036" xml:space="preserve">fabrica, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1037" xml:space="preserve">che in ogni arte è la coſa ſignificata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1038" xml:space="preserve">la ſign ficante.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1039" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1040" xml:space="preserve">La cognitione dell’Iſtoria fa, che ſi ſappia la ragione di molti ornamẽti, che ſogliono fare gl’Architetti nelle opereloro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1041" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1042" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1043" xml:space="preserve">in queſta parte è chiaro per gli eſſempi ch’egli da.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1044" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1045" xml:space="preserve">Come ſe alcuno poſto haueſſe in luogo di colonne le ſtatue feminili di marmo, quelle, che Cariatidi chiamate ſono ue
              <lb/>
            ſtite di habito lõgo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1046" xml:space="preserve">matronale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1047" xml:space="preserve">ſopra quelle poſto haueſſe i modiglioni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1048" xml:space="preserve">i gocciolatoi, coſi di tale opera à chi
              <lb/>
            ne domandaſſe, renderebbe ragione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1049" xml:space="preserve">Caria città della Morea con i Perſiani contra la Grecia ſi congiunſe, i Greci con
              <lb/>
            la uittoria glorioſamente dalla guerra liberati, di conſiglio uniuerſale contra i Cariati ſi moſſero, preſa la loro ſortez
              <lb/>
            za, ucciſi gli huomini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1050" xml:space="preserve">ſpianata la terra, le Matrone loro per iſchiaue menarono, non ſopportando, che quelle
              <lb/>
            deponeſſero gli habiti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1051" xml:space="preserve">gli ornamenti matronali, acciò che non in uno trionfo ſolo condotte ſoſſero, ma con eter-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0015-05" xlink:href="note-0015-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            no eſſempio di ſeruitu da grande ſcorno oppreſſe, per tutte le città loro pareſſero portar la pena. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1052" xml:space="preserve">Gli Architetti
              <lb/>
            di quei tempi ne i publici edificij poſero le imagini di quelle matrone per ſoſtenimento de i peſi, acciò che alla me-
              <lb/>
            moria de i poſteri la conoſciuta pena de gli errori de Cariati commendata fuſſe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1053" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1054" xml:space="preserve">Noi adunque per le parole di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1055" xml:space="preserve">piglieremo argomento di ornare gl’edificij con la memoria di quei fatti, che grati ſaranno à quei principiò
              <lb/>
            uerò quelle republiche, le quali uorremo honorare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1056" xml:space="preserve">honorandole à noi grate rendere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1057" xml:space="preserve">fauoreuoli. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1058" xml:space="preserve">Come steſſero quelle matrone ſot-
              <lb/>
            to i peſi Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1059" xml:space="preserve">non dichiara, prendeſi argomento, che ſteſſero con il capo ſottopoſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1060" xml:space="preserve">con la ſinistra mano leuata al ſoſtenimento de i peſi,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1061" xml:space="preserve">queſto per parole d’ Atheneo dotto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1062" xml:space="preserve">diletteuole ſcrittore, ma noi laſceremo la pompa dell’ autorità à piu curioſi commentatori, ſola-
              <lb/>
            mente quello addurremo, che per intelligentia di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1063" xml:space="preserve">potrà baſtare, hauendo gratie immortali à chiunque s’affaticher à per noi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1064" xml:space="preserve">Ma perche
              <lb/>
            biſogna cominciare à uſarſi di uedere alcuno dipinto eſſempio, diſcriuerò qui di ſotto le figure delle Cariatide, ſecondo, che al preſente nego-
              <lb/>
            tio ſarà bastante, dichiarando, che stola era ueſte lunga, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1065" xml:space="preserve">dimeßa, propia delle matrone, con quella erano le imagini delle Cariatidi come
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0015-06" xlink:href="note-0015-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            dice Vitr.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1066" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1067" xml:space="preserve">Similmente i Lacedemonij ſotto Pauſania figliuolo d’Egeſipolide dopo il fatto d’armi di Platea hauendo con poca gen
              <lb/>
            te ſuperato il numeroſo eſſercito de’ Perſiani, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1068" xml:space="preserve">con gloria trionfato; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1069" xml:space="preserve">de i denari tratti delle ſpoglie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1070" xml:space="preserve">della preda
              <lb/>
            in luogo di trofeo della uittoria à poſteri fabricarono il portico Perſiano dimoſtratore della lode, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1071" xml:space="preserve">della uirtu de
              <lb/>
            Cittadini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1072" xml:space="preserve">in quel portico poſero i ſimulachri de i prigioni con l’ornamento Barbaro del ueſtire, che ſo ſteneua-
              <lb/>
            no il tetto, hauendo con meritate contumelie la lor ſuperbia caſtigata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1073" xml:space="preserve">A ſine che i nimici cagione haueſſero di te-
              <lb/>
            mere gli effetti della fortezza loro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1074" xml:space="preserve">i Cittadini guardando in quello eſſempio di uirtu dalla gloria ſolleuati alla di-
              <lb/>
            feſa della Patria s’eccitaſſero grandemente, la doue nei ſeguenti anni molti cominciarno à porre le ſtatue Perſia-
              <lb/>
            ne, che ſoſteneuano gli archi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1075" xml:space="preserve">i loro ornamenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1076" xml:space="preserve">indi traſſero argomen to di accreſcere nell’opere marauiglioſa
              <lb/>
            uarietà di maniere, di ſimiglianti Iſtorie altre ne ſono, delle quali biſogna che l’ Architetto ne ſia bene informato.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1077" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1078" xml:space="preserve">Come ſi legge della inuentione del capitello Corinthio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1079" xml:space="preserve">d’altri effetti che ſi uedranno, leggendo ne! Quarto libro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1080" xml:space="preserve">Hasſinel primo libro di Tu-
              <lb/>
            cidide Pauſania Spartano figliuolo di Cleombroto capitano de Greci. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1081" xml:space="preserve">Plutharco citando Chiſiferno nelle comparationi de i Romani, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1082" xml:space="preserve">de i
              <lb/>
            Grecinarra che; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1083" xml:space="preserve">Diſcorrendo i Perſi nella Grecia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1084" xml:space="preserve">facendo di molte prede Pauſania duce de Lacedemonij riceuè quaranta talenti d’oro da
              <lb/>
            Xerſe, accioche tradiſſe la Grecia, la qual coſa poi che ſi riſeppe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1085" xml:space="preserve">Ageſilao Padre hauendo perſeguitato il figliuolo fino al tempio di Pallade.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1086" xml:space="preserve">Edichalca; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1087" xml:space="preserve">otturò con mattoni le porte del tempio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1088" xml:space="preserve">iui per fame lo fece conſumare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1089" xml:space="preserve">la Madre lo laſciò inſepolto; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1090" xml:space="preserve">queſto dice Plutharco di
              <lb/>
            uerſamente da Thucidide. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1091" xml:space="preserve">Soleuano i Greci nel luogo oue haueuano poſti in fuga, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1092" xml:space="preserve">ſuperati i nimici tagliare i rami de gli Alberi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1093" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>