Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

Table of Notes

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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11609" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="139" file="0147" n="156" rhead="QVINTO."/>
            piendo il Sole la ritondezza del theatro l’aere nella curuatura rinchiuſo non potendo uſcire, raggirando ſi ſcal-
              <lb/>
            da, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11610" xml:space="preserve">affocato cuoce, e ſcema l’humore de i corpi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11611" xml:space="preserve">pero grandemente ſi deono fuggire le parti nociue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11612" xml:space="preserve">eleg-
              <lb/>
            ger le ſane, è, buone.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11613" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11614" xml:space="preserve">Queſto è facile, ne ha biſogno di eſpoſitione: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11615" xml:space="preserve">eleggaſi adunque il luogo ſano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11616" xml:space="preserve">facciaſi il Theatro nella Città, come di fuori il Circo, horaue-
              <lb/>
            gnamo alle ſondamenta.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11617" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11618" xml:space="preserve">Piu ageuole ſera fondare ne i monti, ma ſe in piano, ò in luogo paluſtre per necesſità ſi faranno le fondamenta, biſo-
              <lb/>
            gnera, che quello ſi fa ſotterra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11619" xml:space="preserve">i raſſodamenti, ſi facciano in queſto modo, che di ſopra nel Terzo Libro s’è detto
              <lb/>
            delle fondationi de i Tempi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11620" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11621" xml:space="preserve">Ben ha detto in luogo palustre per necesſità, perche non ci ha conſegliati di ſopra, che in luoghi mal ſani ſacciamo i Theatri: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11622" xml:space="preserve">ma la necesſità
              <lb/>
            non ha legge, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11623" xml:space="preserve">perche non può eſſer un luogo paluſtre è ſano? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11624" xml:space="preserve">di quella ſorte, che egli ha detto eſſer ſane le paludi d’Altino, d’Aquileg-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0147-01" xlink:href="note-0147-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            gia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11625" xml:space="preserve">come ſono hoggi quelle di Vinetia, doue ſi fonda con mir abil arte ſopra le paludi ogni grand’ediſicio? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11626" xml:space="preserve">Fornite le fondamenta di-
              <lb/>
            ce Vitr.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11627" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11628" xml:space="preserve">Sopra le ſondamenta i gradi da terra far ſi deono, di pietre ò di Marmi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11629" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11630" xml:space="preserve">Da terra (cioe ſubito ſopra le ſondamenta) I Gradi (Ecco che la prima conſideratione dopo la ſanità del luogo, è di accommodar le perſone.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11631" xml:space="preserve">Far ſi deono adunque le gradationi ſubito ſopra terra, di pietre, ò di Marmi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11632" xml:space="preserve">questa pompa di fabricare era molto lontana dalla rozza
              <lb/>
            antichità, come dice Ouidio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11633" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11634" xml:space="preserve">Tu prima i giuochi ò
              <emph style="sc">Romolo</emph>
            ſacesti
              <lb/>
            Quando per aiutar i tuoi Dongielli
              <lb/>
            De i Sabini le Vergine prendeſti.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11635" xml:space="preserve">Allhor non eran drizzati i penelli
              <lb/>
            Per ſoſtener le uele, ne toglieſti
              <lb/>
            Per far Theatro da questi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11636" xml:space="preserve">da quelli
              <lb/>
            Monti li Marmi, ne fuſti ſi uano,
              <lb/>
            Che dipigniſti i pulpiti col grano.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11637" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11638" xml:space="preserve">Sedean ſopra i Ceſpugli le brigate,
              <lb/>
            Semplicemente era la Scena ordita
              <lb/>
            Ne i ſolti boſchi con le ſrondi ornate
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0147-02" xlink:href="note-0147-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            L’hirſute chiome della gente unita
              <lb/>
            Dall’ardore del Sol’eran guardate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11639" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11640" xml:space="preserve">Soleuano ne i di ſolenni raunarſi i contadini inſieme per le uille, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11641" xml:space="preserve">ſarſi diuerſi facriſicij, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11642" xml:space="preserve">giochi ruſticali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11643" xml:space="preserve">queſta uſanza piacque tanto à
              <lb/>
            gli Athenieſi, che ſurono i primi, che la introduceſſero nella Città, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11644" xml:space="preserve">il luogo, nelquale ſi faceuano quei giochi nominarono Theatro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11645" xml:space="preserve">I Ro-
              <lb/>
            mani dapoi dilettandoſi di ſimili costumi uolleno ancho esſi i Theatri nella Città, ma non gli fecero da prima ſoperbi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11646" xml:space="preserve">alti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11647" xml:space="preserve">di pietre,
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0147-03" xlink:href="note-0147-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            ma di legno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11648" xml:space="preserve">con qualche occaſione, ſpeſero poi molto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11649" xml:space="preserve">tutt a uia facendogli di legno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11650" xml:space="preserve">à tempo, come ſi legge del Theatro di M. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11651" xml:space="preserve">Scau-
              <lb/>
            ro edile fatto per un ſolo meſe di legno capace di ottantamila perſone, che haueua una ſcena di tre ordini, con trecento ſeſſanta colonne di Mar
              <lb/>
            mo, doue quelle del primo ordine eran di trent’otto piedi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11652" xml:space="preserve">La parte inſeriore della ſcena era di Marmo, la di mezzo di Vetro, la di ſopra
              <lb/>
            tutta dorata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11653" xml:space="preserve">tra le colonne ui eran per adornamento da tre mila figure di metallo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11654" xml:space="preserve">Queſto Theatro ſu il piu grande, che gia mai ſia sta-
              <lb/>
            to edificato; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11655" xml:space="preserve">perilche non potendo Curione, che per l’eſſe quie del padre ne uolle far uno, aggiugnere à quella grandezza, riccorſe per aiuto
              <lb/>
            alla induſtria, perilche ſece due Theatri amendue ſopra perm in modo bilicati, e ſoſpeſi, che ſi poteuano facilmente girare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11656" xml:space="preserve">Sotto quelli era-
              <lb/>
            no le caſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11657" xml:space="preserve">i coperti, doue stauano quelli, che con Argane, e ruote uolgeuano le gran machine di quelli. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11658" xml:space="preserve">Fu coſa merauiglioſa (come dice
              <lb/>
            Plinio) & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11659" xml:space="preserve">quel popolo, che era uincitor del mondo, applaudeua in un ſuo tanto pericolo, perche una traue di quella machina, che ſi ſuſſe rot-
              <lb/>
            ta tutta la ſabrica poteua roinare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11660" xml:space="preserve">Queſti Theatri uoltauano la lor curuatur a una incontra l’altra, perche le uoci de i recitanti non ſi con-
              <lb/>
            fondeſſero inſieme. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11661" xml:space="preserve">Si congiugneuano poi con le corna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11662" xml:space="preserve">faceuano uno Amfitheatro dapoi il mezzo di per li giuochi de i gladiatori, e tut-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0147-04" xlink:href="note-0147-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            tauia eſſendoui ſopra il popolo ſi riuolgeua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11663" xml:space="preserve">Venne poi uoglia, à, Gn. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11664" xml:space="preserve">Pompeio di farne uno, che doueſſe lungamente durare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11665" xml:space="preserve">pe-
              <lb/>
            rò lo fece di pietra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11666" xml:space="preserve">ornollo magniſicamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11667" xml:space="preserve">ſu molto celebre, oltra il quale ne fu un i Leone di Marcello figliuolo di Ottauia ſorella
              <lb/>
            di Auguſto capace di ottantamila perſone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11668" xml:space="preserve">un’altro che Cornelio Balbo fece à richieſta, è perſuaſione pure di Auguſto, che era deſidero-
              <lb/>
            ſo di ueder la Città molto adorna di fabriche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11669" xml:space="preserve">edificij di Roma (come dice Vitr.) </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11670" xml:space="preserve">nella Epiſtola. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11671" xml:space="preserve">Ma tornamo à Vitr.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11672" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11673" xml:space="preserve">Sopra le fondamenta dalla ſuſtruttione ſi deono far i gradi di pietra, ò di Marmi, le cinte ſecondo l’altezza di Theatri
              <lb/>
            per la rata parte, ne piu alte di quello, che ſerà la larghezza della cinta per doue ſi ua à torno.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11674" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11675" xml:space="preserve">Queſto luogo ha biſogno di buon intendimento, però douemo auuertire che ſe bene io ho detto gradi, intendo però quello, che uuole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11676" xml:space="preserve">intende
              <lb/>
            Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11677" xml:space="preserve">per quel nome, che egli dice Gradationi, cioe tutta l’opera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11678" xml:space="preserve">fabrica della ſalita, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11679" xml:space="preserve">dico, che le precintioni, che ic ho detto cinte, al-
              <lb/>
            tro non ſono, che diuiſioni d’intorno i gradi per lo piano dellequali, ſi caminaua à torno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11680" xml:space="preserve">uuole Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11681" xml:space="preserve">che ſiano tanto alte, quanto è la lar-
              <lb/>
            ghezza del piano per doue ſi camina, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11682" xml:space="preserve">chiama itiner a queſti piani, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11683" xml:space="preserve">rende la ragione perche queste precintioni deono eſſer coſi al-
              <lb/>
            te, come i loro piani, e dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11684" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11685" xml:space="preserve">Perche ſe piu alte ſeranno ſcaccierauno le uoce alla parte di ſopra, ne laſcieranno che udite ſieno le parole intiere, e ter-
              <lb/>
            minate con quello, che ſigniſicano da quelli, che ſederanno ne i ſeggi, che ſono ſopra le cinte.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11686" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11687" xml:space="preserve">Se la cinta ſera piu alta, che il ſuo piano largo, certo è, che la uoce percuotera in quella, perche non potra terminare per dritta linea alla parte
              <lb/>
            di ſopra, eſſendo ribattuta, e rotta dall’altezza della cinta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11688" xml:space="preserve">però per rimediare à queſto diſordine dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11689" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11690" xml:space="preserve">Et in ſomma coſi è neceſſario che ſi gouernamo, che ſi gouernamo, che tirando una linea dal piu baſſo al piu alto grado, tutte le eſtremita
              <lb/>
            de i gradi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11691" xml:space="preserve">tutti gli anguli ſian toccati da quella, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11692" xml:space="preserve">coſi la uoce non ſera impedita.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11693" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11694" xml:space="preserve">Dice linea, cioe, ò corda, ò ſacoma, ò filo di ſerro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11695" xml:space="preserve">queſto modo è ragioneuole, per che coſi dritta andera la uoce, come il ſilo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11696" xml:space="preserve">la corda, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11697" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ſe la corda non è impedita, non ſera ancho impedita la uoce. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11698" xml:space="preserve">Ma Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11699" xml:space="preserve">non ci da regola qui dell’altezza de i Theatri ſecondo la rata parte,
              <lb/>
            pero douemo auuertire, che i Theatri ſono stati fatti da alcuni tanto alti quanto era la piazza di mezzo, perche uidero, che la uoce ſi perde-
              <lb/>
            ua ne i Theatri piu basſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11700" xml:space="preserve">piu duramente s’udiua ne i piu alti, ma queſto ſi potra eſpedire dal luogo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11701" xml:space="preserve">dal diſſegno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11702" xml:space="preserve">dalle regole, che ſi
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0147-06" xlink:href="note-0147-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            daranno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11703" xml:space="preserve">Ecci un’altra regola che riguarda alle perſone, che ui uanno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11704" xml:space="preserve">è quella, che Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11705" xml:space="preserve">pone qui ſotto dicendo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11706" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11707" xml:space="preserve">Biſogna diſporre molti, è ſpatioſi aditi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11708" xml:space="preserve">ſargli in modo, che quelli di ſopra non s’incontrino con quelli di ſotto, ma
              <lb/>
            da ogni parte drizzati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11709" xml:space="preserve">continui ſenza pieghe, ò uoltamenti, accioche licentiate le perſone da gli ſpettacoli, non
              <lb/>
            ſiano calcate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11710" xml:space="preserve">oppreſſe, ma posſino da ogni parte uſcire ſenza impedimento.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11711" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11712" xml:space="preserve">Quella ragione, che è dell’uſcire, è ancho dell’intrare, aſcendeua il popolo per gradi coperti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11713" xml:space="preserve">riuſciua ſopra i piani delle cinte gia dette. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11714" xml:space="preserve">Era-
              <lb/>
            no di qua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11715" xml:space="preserve">di la le ſcale altre commode, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11716" xml:space="preserve">aperte, altre piu dritte è coperte; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11717" xml:space="preserve">per quelli aſcendeuano i piu ripoſati, e maturi, per queſte i
              <lb/>
            piu curioſi, è preſti, in modo, che era prouisto all’età, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11718" xml:space="preserve">allo appetito d’ogn’uno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11719" xml:space="preserve">Seguitan l’altre rogole.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11720" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11721" xml:space="preserve">Deueſi ancho grandemente auuertire che il luogo non ſia ſordo, ma in eſſo liberamente chiara, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11722" xml:space="preserve">iſpedita la uoce poſſa
              <lb/>
            uagare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11723" xml:space="preserve">queſto ſi potra fare ſe egli ſi eleggera luogo, doue la riſſonanza impedita non ſia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11724" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11725" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11726" xml:space="preserve">uuole render la ragione della forma del Theatro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11727" xml:space="preserve">prende argomento dal moto della uoce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11728" xml:space="preserve">però dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11729" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11730" xml:space="preserve">La uoce è ſpirito, che ſcorre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11731" xml:space="preserve">percoſſa dello aere, che peruiene al ſenſo dell’udito: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11732" xml:space="preserve">Queſta ſi moue con infiniti rag-
              <lb/>
            giramenti, non altramente, che ſe nell’acqua ripoſata gettandoſi una pietra, naſceſſero innumerabili cerchi dell’on-
              <lb/>
            da, creſcendo à poco à poco dal centro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11733" xml:space="preserve">allargandoſi quanto piu poteſſero, ſe non fuſſero interrotti dalla ſtrettez-
              <lb/>
            za del luogo, ò da qualche offeſa, che non permetteſſe que giri dell’onde terminare fin doue ſi ſtendeſſero, con la
              <lb/>
            iſteſſa ragione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11734" xml:space="preserve">giramento ſi moue la uoce.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s11735" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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