Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

Table of figures

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[161] C G D O P E B F
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[162] D P O E
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[Figure 163]
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[Figure 164]
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[Figure 165]
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[Figure 166]
Page: 314
[167] SOLI DEO ONORIN VIA PERFRANCESCOMARCOLINICONPRIVILEGIMD LVI.
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[Figure 168]
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            <s xml:id="echoid-s12231" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="145" file="0153" n="162" rhead="QVINTO"/>
            ſono 25. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12232" xml:space="preserve">noi chiamamo i ſuoni uoci, come ė quãdo dicemo quattro uoci piu in ſu, ſei uoci piu in giu, prender la uoce, intonar la uoce, dar la uo-
              <lb/>
            ce
              <unsure/>
            , dico, che ſono 15. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12233" xml:space="preserve">nella perfetta or dinanza, benche piu ne ſiano, come ſi uede nella mano, che paſſa le uenti uoci. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12234" xml:space="preserve">Et ancho Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12235" xml:space="preserve">ne pone 18.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12236" xml:space="preserve">ma in che guiſa, to dirò poi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12237" xml:space="preserve">Cominciarono gli antichi (come ho detto) con minor numero di uoci, ò ſuoni, à fare gli ſtrumẽti loro, poi aggiugnen
              <lb/>
            do, e accreſcendo peruenero alla ſomma di 15. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12238" xml:space="preserve">Cominciarono (dirò coſi) à quattro uoci, ò ſuoni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12239" xml:space="preserve">fecero un Tetracordo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12240" xml:space="preserve">La prima uoce, che è
              <lb/>
            la piu baſſa nel Tetracordo chiamauano, ſecondo che portaua la natura della coſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12241" xml:space="preserve">Hypate cioe prima, et la ſeconda Parhypate, cioe uicina al-
              <lb/>
            la prima, la terza Paranete, cioe penultima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12242" xml:space="preserve">la quarta nete, cioe ultima. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12243" xml:space="preserve">Ecco con quanta facilità ſenza uſar i nomid delle lingue ſtrane, la ra-
              <lb/>
            gione, anzi la natura ce inſegna à trouar i uocaboli delle coſe, ma perche pur obbligati ſiamo à gli antichi per la fatica, che fatto hãno per noi,
              <lb/>
            nelle ſcienζe, però dichiarando gli oſcuri loro uocaboli, potremo uedere le inuention loro, quella de i ſucceſſori fin’al tempo nostro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12244" xml:space="preserve">Le quattro
              <lb/>
            uoci adunque del Tetracordo ſeranno uolgarmẽte chiamate in queſto modo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12245" xml:space="preserve">Prima: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12246" xml:space="preserve">Preſſoprima, Penultima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12247" xml:space="preserve">Vltima, ma perche poiglian-
              <lb/>
            tichi non ſi ſono fermati in un Tetracordo, ma hanno aggiunto piu ſuoni, però per la diuerſa cõparatione di quelli hanno formati diuerſi nomi
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0153-01" xlink:href="note-0153-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            de ſuoni fin che dapoi Phaucy
              <unsure/>
            trouato, è poſto inſieme due, tre, e quattro Tetracordi, hãno fatto una ſcala, et un’ordinãza perfetta, chiamarono
              <lb/>
            adũque il primo ſuono piubaſſo, et piu profondo Proslamuanomenos, che ſignifica accettato, ò uer aggiũto appreſſo à gli altri, perche nõ harac
              <lb/>
            cõmunãζa con alcuno de i Tetracordi, ma è di fuori accettato, accioche egli corriſpõda cõ la mezzana queſta uoce è poſta da inoſtri la doue è a
              <lb/>
            re, ma hauẽdone ancho esſi aggiunto un’altra dalla parte piu baſſa, l’hãmd
              <unsure/>
            ut ſignificandola cõ una lettera Greca, accioche ſi di-
              <lb/>
            notasſi, che ancho quclla uoce fuſſe dalloro ſtata aggiunta alla mano, non uſando quella lettera in altre uoci. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12248" xml:space="preserve">Et ſi potrebbe chiamare Epiproſ-
              <lb/>
            lamuanomenos, ò uero Hypoproslamuanomenos, quaſi ſotto l’aggiunta, il ſecondo ſuono è detto Hypaton: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12249" xml:space="preserve">Pero douemo ſapere, che ſe noi conſi
              <lb/>
            deramo, et ordinamo i Tetracordi ſeparatamẽte ciaſcuno per ſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12250" xml:space="preserve">nõ nella perfetta ordinãζa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12251" xml:space="preserve">cõpita ſcala, ſempre la lor prima corda, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12252" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            piu graue, e chiamata Hypate (come ho detto) cioe principale, ò prima, ma come ſi metteno piu Tetracordi inſieme la prima corda rittiene il
              <lb/>
            nome di Hypate, ma ſe le aggiugne Hypatõ à differenza delle prime de i ſeguenti Tetracordi, chiamaſi adunque prima delle prime, che tanto
              <lb/>
            uuol dire Hypate Hypaton, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12253" xml:space="preserve">coſi la ſeconda ſi chiama parhypate Hypaton, cioe preſſoprima delle prime, à differenza delle ſeconde de gli al
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0153-02" xlink:href="note-0153-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            tri Tetracordi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12254" xml:space="preserve">La terza corda è detta Hyperparhypate cioe ſopra la uicina allhypate, percioche questa è piu alta della parhypate, chiamaſi
              <lb/>
            ancho Lycanos, cioe indice, perche ſi come il diton indice ha diſtanza maggiore dal dito groſſo, et alcuna fiata minore, che da gli altri, per queſta
              <lb/>
            ſimiglianza la quarta corda, che è la terza de i Tetracordi, ponendo la Proslamuanomenos per prima, hauendo hora maggiore ſpatio, hora mi
              <lb/>
            nore, ſecõdo la diuerſità delle harmonie, come ſi uedra, ſi chiama Lycanos, queſta ne i Tetracordi ſeparati ſi chiamerebbe penultima, ma in que
              <lb/>
            ſta ordinanζa, è coſi chiamata dal luogo, che ella tiene. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12255" xml:space="preserve">La quinta ſi chiama Hypate Meſon, cioe prima delle mezzane, chiamaſi prima, perche è
              <lb/>
            la prima del ſecõdo Tetracordo, chiamaſi delle mezzane, pche il ſecõdo Tetracordo ſi chiama meζζano, pche è tra due tetracordi Puno è detto
              <lb/>
            delle principali, delle prime, ilquale sta alla parte piu baſſa, et è quello, alquale fin hora hauemo poſte le corde. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12256" xml:space="preserve">L’altro è delle cõgiunte (come dire
              <lb/>
            mo) sta alla parte piu alta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12257" xml:space="preserve">Ma perche nõ ſi chiama queſta Nete, cioe ultima, per eſſer l’ultima del primo Tetracordo? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12258" xml:space="preserve">et Hypate, cioè prima,
              <lb/>
            per eſſer prima del ſecondo Tetracordo? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12259" xml:space="preserve">dico, che ſe questo Tetracordo ſi cõſideraſſe da ſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12260" xml:space="preserve">nõ nella perfetta ordinãζa coſi biſognerebbe chia
              <unsure/>
              <lb/>
            marla cioe ultima, ma cõſiderãdoſi inſieme cõ gli altri, la nõ uiene ad eſſer ultima, anzi la prima, riſpetto al tetracordo di mezzo, che ſegue; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12261" xml:space="preserve">Era
              <unsure/>
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0153-03" xlink:href="note-0153-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            adunque neceſſarioper la aggiũta di altre corde, mutãdo ſi nouo rifpetto, et noua cõſideratione, mutar ancho il nome alle prime, che inuero pare,
              <lb/>
            che la natura habbia queſti nomi formati, ne altri nomi ſi darebbeno alle dette corde dai piu inefperti della Muſica, che dal ſito loro, et dall’or-
              <lb/>
            dine, che hãno, et questo dico, perche altri non ſi cõmouino, pche par’ alloro la impoſitione de i nomi antichi difficile, pche ſon nati dalla necesſità
              <lb/>
            dell’arte, ſi che nõ ſi marauiglino, ſe con ragione ſe ne formano de noui, ma non ſi deue ſtare ſulle parole, quãdo ſia, che delle coſe ſi prenda buon
              <lb/>
            partito, Perche adunque ſono uniti in una ordinanζa i detti Tetracordi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12262" xml:space="preserve">le cõparationi de i ſuoni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12263" xml:space="preserve">delle corde ſono diuerſe, però ſi danno
              <lb/>
            (come ho detto) altri nomi à quelli Tetracordi uniti, che ſi darebbeno, ſe fuſſero poſti da ſe ſtesſi partitamente. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12264" xml:space="preserve">Eſſendo adunque due otto cor-
              <lb/>
            di, nella perfetta ordinanζa l’uno alla parte piu baſſa, l’altro alla parte piu alta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12265" xml:space="preserve">eſſendo l’uno et l’altro di due Tetracordi compoſto, poi, che’l
              <lb/>
            nome Hypate e diſtribuito à i cadimenti piu basſi, ſi come il nome di Nete, e dato à i termini piu alti, però ad amendue i primi Tetracordi dal
              <lb/>
            la parte piu baſſa ſi dãno i nomi preſi dall’ Hypate, doue il primo tetracordo piu graue è detto il tetracordo delle Hypate, cioè delle principali,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12266" xml:space="preserve">il ſecõdo, é chiamato il Tetracordo delle mezzane, et la ſua prima corda c detta Hypate Meſon, cioe prima delle mezzane, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12267" xml:space="preserve">con queſti au
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0153-04" xlink:href="note-0153-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            uertimenti il reſto ſi rende facile, però la ſeſta corda e detta Parhypatemeſon, cioe uicina alla prima delle mezzane, che è la ſeconda del ſecon
              <lb/>
            do Tetracordo, la ſettima é detta Hiperparhipate, quaſi ſopra alla prosſima alle prime, la ottaua è detta Meſon, cioe mezzana, perche uera-
              <lb/>
            mẽte e nel mezzo de i Tetracordi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12268" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe egli non ſi andaſſe piu oltre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12269" xml:space="preserve">che ſi rinchiudeſſe le uoci in uno Ottocordo ella ſi chiamarebbe Nete,
              <lb/>
            cioe ultima, ma perche è fine del paſſato ottocordo piu baſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12270" xml:space="preserve">è principio di quello, che è alla parte piu acuta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12271" xml:space="preserve">è la piu baſſa di quello legan
              <lb/>
            do l’uno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12272" xml:space="preserve">l’altro inſieme, però è detta mezzana come termine commune à due ottocordi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12273" xml:space="preserve">come legamento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12274" xml:space="preserve">come quella, che tiene egua
              <lb/>
            le proportione con gli eſtremi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12275" xml:space="preserve">La nona è detta Parameſon dal ſito ſuo perche, è, uicina alla Mezzana, che è la ſeconda del terzo Tetracordo
              <lb/>
            la decima è detta trite Diezeugemenon cioè terza delle diſgiunte, perche nello ſtrumento antico di ſette corde ella era la terza in ordine all’ulti-
              <lb/>
            ma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12276" xml:space="preserve">era chiamata Parameſe, cioe uicina alla mezzana nel terzo Tetracordo, ò nel ſecõdo ottocordo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12277" xml:space="preserve">Ma perche questa corda rifpetto all’ot-
              <lb/>
            tocordo della parte acuta è cõgiunta, è riſpetto all’ottocordo della piu graue, è diſgiunta, cioè ha colligatione con quello, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12278" xml:space="preserve">non cõ quaſto, però
              <lb/>
            ſi chiama Diezeugmenon, cioè delle diſgiunte, è, ſeparate, come ſi dira poi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12279" xml:space="preserve">L’undecima è, detta Paranete Diezeugmenon, cioè uicina all’ultima
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0153-05" xlink:href="note-0153-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            delle diſgiunte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12280" xml:space="preserve">è Pultima del terzo Tetracordo detto delle diſgiunte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12281" xml:space="preserve">prima del quarto Tetracordo detto delle altisſime, et eccellenti, per
              <lb/>
            che apartiene al ſoprano, la duodecima, è detta Nete Dieζeugmenon, cioè ultima delle diſgiunte, perche è la quarta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12282" xml:space="preserve">ultima del terzo
              <lb/>
            Tetracordo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12283" xml:space="preserve">La terζadecima e detta Trite Hiperboleon, cioe terζa delle eccellenti, perche è la tcrza in ordine dall’ultima poſta nella Par-
              <lb/>
            te piu acuta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12284" xml:space="preserve">è detta terζa per lo ſito delle eccellenti, perche è del quarto Tetracordo, che ſi chiama delle eccellenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12285" xml:space="preserve">altisſime uoci,
              <lb/>
            che è l’ultimo nella perfetta ordinanza, la quartadecima è detta Paranete Hyperboleon, cioe penultima delle eccellenti, perche iui è colloca-
              <lb/>
            ta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12286" xml:space="preserve">La quintadecima è detta Nete Hiperboleon cioe ultima delle eccellenti, oltra laquale non ſi aſcende nella ſalita delle uoci nella perſet-
              <lb/>
            ta ordinanza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12287" xml:space="preserve">Ma i moderni, chiamano queſta ordinanza (come ho detto) la ſcala, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12288" xml:space="preserve">uanno ordinando le uoci per gradi, con alcune
              <lb/>
            ſillabe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12289" xml:space="preserve">con alcune lettere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12290" xml:space="preserve">dicono Gammaut, are. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12291" xml:space="preserve">b mi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12292" xml:space="preserve">coſi uan ſeguitando, diuidono in quattro parti la loro ſcala, dando la prima
              <lb/>
            al Baſſo, la ſeconda al Tenore, la terza all’A lto, la quarta al Soprano, et coſi non pareno differenti da gli antichi, come ſi chiamaſſero il baſ-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0153-06" xlink:href="note-0153-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            ſo Tetracordo delle prime, il tenore Tetracordo delle mezzane, l’alto Tetracordo delle diſgiunte, il ſoprano delle eccellenti, ben è uero, che coſi
              <lb/>
            chiaramente non eſprimeno queſta intentione, perche diuidono la ſcala in tre ordinanζ, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12293" xml:space="preserve">gli danno piu gradi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12294" xml:space="preserve">chiamano chiaui i principij
              <lb/>
            di quelle, à ſimiglianza delle chiaui materiali, come quelle, che aprono certe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12295" xml:space="preserve">terminate melodie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12296" xml:space="preserve">coſi manifeſtano tutta l’ordinanza della
              <lb/>
            ſcala, come le chiaui nelle tope riuoltate aprẽdo gli ſcrigni fanno cio, che era dentro naſcoſo manifesto, la onde ancho le Note nominarono chia
              <lb/>
            ui. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12297" xml:space="preserve">Segnano le chiaui con queſte lettere a b c d e f g. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12298" xml:space="preserve">dicono che delle chiaui altre ſono graui, altre meζζane, altre, le graui ſon quelle, che ſi
              <lb/>
            cãtano cõ uoce graue, et rimeſſa, et chiamãſi le chiaui del baſſo; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12299" xml:space="preserve">et il canto per quelle cãtato ſi cbiama il Baſſo, ſono otto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12300" xml:space="preserve">ſi ſegnano con lette
              <lb/>
            re maggior. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12301" xml:space="preserve">A. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12302" xml:space="preserve">B. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12303" xml:space="preserve">C. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12304" xml:space="preserve">D. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12305" xml:space="preserve">E. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12306" xml:space="preserve">F. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12307" xml:space="preserve">G. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12308" xml:space="preserve">Le mezzane coſi dette ſono, perche richiedono una uoce di mezzo tra la rime ſſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12309" xml:space="preserve">l’acuta, queste ſolemo
              <lb/>
            udire nel tenore, et nell’alto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12310" xml:space="preserve">ſono ſette notate con lettere minori a. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12311" xml:space="preserve">b. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12312" xml:space="preserve">c. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12313" xml:space="preserve">d. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12314" xml:space="preserve">e. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12315" xml:space="preserve">f. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12316" xml:space="preserve">g. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12317" xml:space="preserve">le acute ſon quelle per lequali ſi canta con acuta, et alta uoce,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12318" xml:space="preserve">ſono cinque deſcritte con littere minori ma doppie. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12319" xml:space="preserve">aa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12320" xml:space="preserve">bb. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12321" xml:space="preserve">cc. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12322" xml:space="preserve">dd. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12323" xml:space="preserve">ee. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12324" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12325" xml:space="preserve">queſto ſia detto affine, che ſeeondo diuerſa intentione ſi uanno i no-
              <lb/>
            mi formando, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12326" xml:space="preserve">le ordinanze, però gli antichi andarono fin’ 15, perche quindici à punto chiedono la conſonanza detta Diapaſon. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12327" xml:space="preserve">I moderm
              <lb/>
            ſono andati a 22, riſpetto à quelli ſtrumenti, che uanno piu alto Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12328" xml:space="preserve">ne pone 18. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12329" xml:space="preserve">riſpetto alla compoſitione de i Tetracordi, de iquali dira da-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0153-07" xlink:href="note-0153-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            poi, dice adunque.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12330" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12331" xml:space="preserve">I fuoni detti da Greci Phtongi ſono 18. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12332" xml:space="preserve">de iquali 8. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12333" xml:space="preserve">ſtanno ſempre in tutti tre i generi fermi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12334" xml:space="preserve">immobili, ma glialtri 10.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12335" xml:space="preserve">quando cõmunemẽte ſi cantano ſono inſtabili, è uaganti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12336" xml:space="preserve">Stãti ſono quelli, che poſti, tra quelli che ſono mobili, con-
              <lb/>
            tengono la congiuntione del Tetracordo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12337" xml:space="preserve">per le differenze de i generi ſtanno ne i loro termini permanenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12338" xml:space="preserve">ſi
              <lb/>
            chiamano in queſto modo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12339" xml:space="preserve">Aggiunto, primo de i primi, primo deimezzi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12340" xml:space="preserve">Mezzano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12341" xml:space="preserve">Vltimo de i congiunti
              <lb/>
            preſſo al mezzano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12342" xml:space="preserve">Vltimo de i diſgiũti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12343" xml:space="preserve">Vltimo de gli eccllẽti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s12344" xml:space="preserve">Mobili ſon quelli, che nel Tetracordo tra gli ſtabili </s>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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