Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

Table of contents

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            <s xml:id="echoid-s13887" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="165" file="0175" n="184" rhead="SESTO."/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13888" xml:space="preserve">ci fabrica bellisſimi alloggiamenti con un riguardo mir abile al Decoro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13889" xml:space="preserve">all’uſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13890" xml:space="preserve">alla necesſità de gli huomini concludendo in alcune
              <lb/>
            regole di fondare gli Edifici, degne da eſſer conſiderate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13891" xml:space="preserve">Il Proemio è facile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13892" xml:space="preserve">contiene una eßortatione alla uirtù mirabile con eſſempi effi-
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            caci, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13893" xml:space="preserve">authorità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13894" xml:space="preserve">compar ationi diuine delle uirtù alla fortuna, delle dote dell’animo à i beni eſteriori; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13895" xml:space="preserve">infine ammaeſtra lo Architetta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13896" xml:space="preserve">
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            lo fa auuertito di quelle coſe, che al preſente libro ſono conuenienti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13897" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13898" xml:space="preserve">Io uedo i ueſtigi de gli huomini.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13899" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13900" xml:space="preserve">Non intendeua Ariſtippo l’orme del corpo humano, ma i uestigi della mente, perche le Mathematiche figure erano ſtate prima nella mente di que
              <lb/>
            ualent’huomini con ragioni uere conſiderate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13901" xml:space="preserve">poi poſte in opera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13902" xml:space="preserve">diſſegnate nell’arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13903" xml:space="preserve">ſi come la ſcrittura è ſegno del parlare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13904" xml:space="preserve">il
              <lb/>
            parlare della mente, coſi le diſſegnationi Mathematiche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13905" xml:space="preserve">le figure Geometriche erano come ſegni d’i concetti di coloro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13906" xml:space="preserve">Diſſe adunque Ari-
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            stippo io uedo i uestigi de gli huomini, cioè non d’animali brutti, perche non hanno diſcorſo, ne delle parti del corpo humano, ma della mente,
              <lb/>
            per laquale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13907" xml:space="preserve">dalla quale l’huomo é huomo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13908" xml:space="preserve">posto lo eſſempio di Ariſtippo approua la intentione con teſtimoni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13909" xml:space="preserve">authorità di Filoſofi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13910" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0175-01" xlink:href="note-0175-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            di Poeti, adducendo una legge de gli Athenieſi, ſecondo laquale egli di ſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13911" xml:space="preserve">di i ſuoi genitori modeſtamente parlando dimoſtra quanta cura ha-
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            uer deono i padri, accioche i loro figliuoli ſiano piu presto buoni, che ricchi, uirtuoſi, che famoſi, degni, che ſtimati.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13912" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13913" xml:space="preserve">Concioſia coſa adunque che io ſi per la cura de i genitori ſi per le dottrine de i mei precettori habbia accumulato gran
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            copia di diſcipline con le coſe pertinenti allo ſtudio delle lettere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13914" xml:space="preserve">al deſiderio dell’arti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13915" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13916" xml:space="preserve">Io ho interpretato qui piu al propoſito, che di ſopra queſte parole, ma il ſenſo e lo iſteſſo à chi ben conſidera. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13917" xml:space="preserve">Non ſolo adunque deue lo Archi-
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            tetto darſi con ardente deſiderio alla cognitione delle lettere, ma diilettarſi di ſepere come uanno le coſe artificioſe, inueſtigarle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13918" xml:space="preserve">farle affuie,
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            che la ſua cognitione non reſti morta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13919" xml:space="preserve">inutile: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13920" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13921" xml:space="preserve">bene egli ſi ricorda di quello, che egli ha detto nel Primo Libro della Fabrica, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13922" xml:space="preserve">del di-
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            ſcorſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13923" xml:space="preserve">delle conditioni dello Architetto, però à me pare di auuertire, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13924" xml:space="preserve">douendo parlare delle fabriche de i priuati, quaſi che egli
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            di nouo cominciaſſe, ha uoluto ridurci à memoria le coſe dette nel Primo Libro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13925" xml:space="preserve">però tocca nel Proemio del preſente Libro parte dì quelle
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            coſe che ha toccate nel primo cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13926" xml:space="preserve">Et nel primo, ſecondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13927" xml:space="preserve">ultimo capo di queſto accenna à quello, che egli ha detto nel ſecondo, nel quarto,
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              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0175-02" xlink:href="note-0175-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13928" xml:space="preserve">nel quinto di ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13929" xml:space="preserve">questo egli ha fatto, acciò non ci pareſſe, che alle priuate ragioni delle fabriche, non steſſe bene porre quella cura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13930" xml:space="preserve">
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            hauere quegli auuertimenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13931" xml:space="preserve">quella cognitione, che ſi deue hauere alle fabriche communi: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13932" xml:space="preserve">però io prego ogniuno, che non creda coſi facil-
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            mente à molti, che ſi fanno Architetti, che non ſanno leggere, ne diſſegnare, i quali non ſolamente non hanno cognitione dell Architettura, ma
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            ancho ſono ineſperti della ſabrica (come dice Vitr.)</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13933" xml:space="preserve">Ma la diſgratia uuole che gli imperiti per la loro audacia ſiano piu conoſciuti, che quelli
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            che forſe riuſcirebbeno piu nelle opere, che nelle parole, e pur biſognarebbe che fuſſe al contrario. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13934" xml:space="preserve">Euui aggiunta un’ altra difficultà, che cia-
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            ſcuno altro artefice può à ſua uoglia dimostrar l’arte ſua, ma lo Architetto non può da ſe coſa alcuna: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13935" xml:space="preserve">percioche biſogna, che egli troui per-
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            ſone, che uoglino ſpendere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13936" xml:space="preserve">far opere, doue ci uanno molti denari. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13937" xml:space="preserve">Ma tornamo à Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13938" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13939" xml:space="preserve">uediamo un ſuo longo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13940" xml:space="preserve">bello diſcorſo ſo-
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            pra diuerſe qualità de paeſi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13941" xml:space="preserve"/>
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          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head64" xml:space="preserve">CAP. I. DI DIVERSE QVALITA’ DE PAESI ET VARII ASPETTI
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          DEL CIELO; SECONDO I QVALI SI DEONO DISPORRE GLI EDIFICII.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13942" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">Qveste</emph>
            coſe coſi drittamente diſpoſte ſeranno, ſe prima egli ſi auuertirà da che parte, ò da che
              <lb/>
            inclinatione del Cielo ſieno ordinate, perche altramente in Egitto, altramente nella Spagna, non
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            coſi nel Ponto, ò à Roma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13943" xml:space="preserve">coſi in altre propietà de paeſi par che ſi debbiano conſtituire le manie-
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            re de gli Edificij; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13944" xml:space="preserve">perche da una parte la terra è oppreſſa dal corſo del Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13945" xml:space="preserve">da altra è lontanisſi-
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            ma da quello, ma poi ci ſono di quelle parti, che nel mezzo ſono temperate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13946" xml:space="preserve">Et però come la con-
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            ſtitutione del Mondo allo ſpacio della terra per la inclinatione del Zodiaco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13947" xml:space="preserve">per lo corſo del So-
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              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0175-04" xlink:href="note-0175-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            le è naturalmente con qualità diſeguali collocata, coſi pare, che ſecondo le ragioni de i paeſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13948" xml:space="preserve">le uarietà del Cielo
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            eſſer debbiano gli Edificij reddrizzati. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13949" xml:space="preserve">Sotto il Settentrione ſi faranno le fabriche à uolte, rinchiufe, non aperte, ma
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            riuolte alle parti calide. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13950" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſotto il grande impeto del Sole alle parti del Meriggie (perche quelle parti ſono dal ca-
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            lore oppreſſe)pare, che ſi debbia collocare le fabriche aperte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13951" xml:space="preserve">riuolte al Settentrione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13952" xml:space="preserve">Aquilone. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13953" xml:space="preserve">Coſi quello
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            che da ſe per natura offende con l’arte ſi deue emendare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13954" xml:space="preserve">coſi nelle altre regioni allo iſteſſo modo, ſecondo chel’ Cie
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            lo alla inclinatione del Mondo e collocato, ſi deono temperare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13955" xml:space="preserve">Et queſte coſe ſono da eſſer auuertite e conſiderate
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            per quello, che fa la natura, e ſpecialmente dalle membra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13956" xml:space="preserve">da i corpi delle genti, perche in que luoghi, che’l Sole
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            moderatamente riſcalda, egli conſerua i corpi temperati, ma quelli, che per la uicinanza correndo abbruccia, ſuc-
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            ciandoli leua loro la tempra dell’humore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13957" xml:space="preserve">Per lo contrario nelle parti fredde, perche ſono molto dal Meriggie lonta-
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            ne non ſi caua l’humore dal caldo, ma ſpargendo il ruggiado ſo aere dal Cielo nei corpi l’humore, fa quelli piu gran-
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              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0175-05" xlink:href="note-0175-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            di, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13958" xml:space="preserve">i ſuoni della uoce piu graui. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13959" xml:space="preserve">Et per quello ſotto il Setten trione ſi nutriſcono genti di grande ſtatura di bianco
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            colore, di dritta, e roſſa capillatura, d’occhi ceſij, di molto ſangue, perche dalla pienezza dell’humore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13960" xml:space="preserve">refrigerij del
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            Cielo ſono inſieme formati. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13961" xml:space="preserve">Ma quei, che uicini ſtanno all’ Aſſe del Meriggie ſottopoſti al corſo del Sole, ſono pic-
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            cioli di ſtatura, di color foſco, di capello creſpo, d’occhi neri, di debil gamba, di poco ſangue per la gran forza del So
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            le, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13962" xml:space="preserve">ancho per lo poco ſangue ſono piu timidi à reſiſter all’armi, ma ſopportano gli ardori delle febri ſenza timore,
              <lb/>
            perche i loro membri ſono con il feruore nodriti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13963" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13964" xml:space="preserve">però i corpi, che naſcono ſotto il Settentrione piu pauroſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13965" xml:space="preserve">
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            deboli fono per le febri, ma per l’abbondanza del ſangue reſiſtono al ferro ſenza paura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13966" xml:space="preserve">Similmente i ſuoni della uo-
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            ce ſono diſeguali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13967" xml:space="preserve">di uarie qualità nella diuerſità delle genti, perche il termine dell’Oriente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13968" xml:space="preserve">dell’Occidente in-
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            torno al liuello della terra, la doue ſi diuide la parte di ſopra della parte di fotto del Mondo pare, che habbia il ſuo gi
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            ro per modo naturale librato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13969" xml:space="preserve">ponderato, il qual termine ancho da i Mathematici è chiamato Orizonte, cioè ter-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0175-06" xlink:href="note-0175-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            minatore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13970" xml:space="preserve">Et però, perche queſto habbiamo, tenendo nella mente noſtra il centro tiramo una linea dallabro, che è
              <lb/>
            nella parte Settentrionale, à quello, che è ſopra l’Aſſe Meridiano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13971" xml:space="preserve">da quello ancho tirandone un’altra obliqua in-
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            ſino alla ſommità, che è dopo le Stelle Settentrionali auuertiremo da quello, che nel Mondo ferà una figura triango
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            lare, come quegli Organi, che da Greci nominati ſono Sambuche. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13972" xml:space="preserve">Et però lo ſpacio, che è uicino al Polo inferiore
              <lb/>
            dalla linea dello Aſſe ne i termini Meridiani, quelle nationi che ſono ſotto quel luoco, per la poca eleuatione de i Po
              <lb/>
            li fanno il ſuono della uoce ſottile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13973" xml:space="preserve">accutisſimo, come fa nell’Organo quella corda, che è uicina allo angulo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13974" xml:space="preserve">Da-
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            poi quella le altre à mezzo la Grecia, nelle nationi fanno le aſceſe de i ſuoni piu rimeſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13975" xml:space="preserve">ancho dal mezzo in ordi-
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            ne creſcendo inſino à gli ultimi Settentrioni ſotto l’altezza del Cielo gli ſpiriti delle nationi con piu graui ſuoni dal-
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            la natura delle coſe eſpresſi ſono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13976" xml:space="preserve">Coſi pare, che tutta la concettione del Mondo per la inclinatione riſpetto alla tem
              <lb/>
            peratura del Sole con grandisſima conſonanza fatta ſia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13977" xml:space="preserve">Et però le nationi che ſono tra il Cardine dello Aſſe Meri-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0175-07" xlink:href="note-0175-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            diano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13978" xml:space="preserve">nel mezzo del Scttentrione, come è deſcritto nella Mufica hanno nel parlare il ſuono della uoce del-
              <lb/>
            la mezzana. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13979" xml:space="preserve">Et quelle genti, che uanno uerſo il Settentrione, perche hanno piu alte diſtanze riſpetto al Mondo ha
              <lb/>
            uendo gli ſpiriti della uoce ripieni d’humore, sforzati ſono dalla natura delle coſe con piu graue ſuono alla prima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13980" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            all’aggiunta uoce, detta Hypate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13981" xml:space="preserve">Proſlamuanomenos, come per la iſteſla ragione nel mezzo (cadendo le genti uer
              <lb/>
            ſo il Meriggie)fanno l’accutisſima ſottigliezza del ſuono della uoce à quelle, che ſon preſſo l’ultime corde, che Pa-
              <lb/>
            ranete ſi chiamano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13982" xml:space="preserve">Ma che uero ſia, che per gli humidi luoghi di natura le coſe piu graui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13983" xml:space="preserve">per gli caldi piu </s>
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