Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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            <s xml:id="echoid-s13983" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="166" file="0176" n="185" rhead="LIBRO"/>
            diuentino, in queſto modo eſperimẽtando ſi può auuertire. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13984" xml:space="preserve">Siano due calici in una fornace egualmente cotti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13985" xml:space="preserve">di
              <lb/>
            egual peſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13986" xml:space="preserve">ad un ſuono quando ſon tocchi ſiano preſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13987" xml:space="preserve">uno di queſti ſia poſto nell’acqua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13988" xml:space="preserve">poi tratto fuori,
              <lb/>
            ſia tocco l’uno è l’altro, quando queſto ferà fatto, egli ſi trouerà gran differc̃za tra que ſuoni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13989" xml:space="preserve">non potranno eſſer
              <lb/>
            di peſo eguale, coſi auuiene à i corpi de gli huomini, i quali concetti d’una maniera di figuratione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13990" xml:space="preserve">in una cõgiun-
              <lb/>
            tione del mondo altri per lo ardore del paeſe col toccamento dell’aere, mandano fuori lo ſpirito acuto, altri per l’ab-
              <lb/>
            bondanza dell’humore ſpargono grauisſime qualità di ſuoni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13991" xml:space="preserve">coſi per la ſottigliezza dello aere le nationi meridia
              <lb/>
            ne per lo acuto feruore ſi mouono piu preſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13992" xml:space="preserve">piu eſpeditamente con l’animo à prender conſiglio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13993" xml:space="preserve">Ma le genti
              <lb/>
            Settentrionali infuſe della groſſezza dello aere, perche lo aere le oſta, raffreddate dall’humore hanno le menti ſtupi-
              <lb/>
            de. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13994" xml:space="preserve">Et che queſto coſi ſia, da i Serpenti ſi comprende, i quali per lo caldo hauendo aſciugato il refrigerio dell’humo-
              <lb/>
            re con gran uehemenza ſi mouono, ma nel tempo de i ghiacci il uerno raffredati per la mutatione del Cielo per
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0176-01" xlink:href="note-0176-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            lo ſtupore ſi fanno immobili. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13995" xml:space="preserve">Coſi non è merauiglia ſe il caldo aere fa le menti de gli huomini piu acute, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13996" xml:space="preserve">il freddo
              <lb/>
            per lo contrario piu tarde. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13997" xml:space="preserve">Eſſendo adunque le nationi ſotto il meriggie d’animo acutisſimo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13998" xml:space="preserve">d’infinita prontezza
              <lb/>
            à prendere partito ſubito, ch’entrano ne i fatti d’arme iui mancano, perche hanno ſucchiate le forze de gli animi dal
              <lb/>
            Sole: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s13999" xml:space="preserve">ma quelli, che naſcono in parti fredde, ſono piu pronti alle armi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14000" xml:space="preserve">con grande impeto ſenza timore entrano
              <lb/>
            nelle battaglie, ma con tardezza d’animo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14001" xml:space="preserve">ſenza conſideratione facendo impeto ſenza ſolertia con i loro conſigli
              <lb/>
            ſi rompono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14002" xml:space="preserve">Eſſendo adunque tal coſe dalla natura nel mondo coſi ſtatuite, che tutte le nationi con immoderate me
              <lb/>
            ſcolanze fuſſero diſtinte, piacque alla natura, che tra gli ſpatij di tutto il mondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14003" xml:space="preserve">nel mezzo dell’uniuerſo il po-
              <lb/>
            pulo Romano fuſſe poſſeditore di tutti i termini, perche nella Italia ſono le genti temperatisſime ad amendue le par
              <lb/>
            ti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14004" xml:space="preserve">con i membri del corpo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14005" xml:space="preserve">col ualore dell’animo alla fortezza diſpoſte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14006" xml:space="preserve">Perche ccme la Stella di Gioue di mez
              <lb/>
            zo tra la feruentis ſima di Marte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14007" xml:space="preserve">la freddisſima di Saturno correndo è temperata, coſi per la iſteſſa ragione la Ita-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0176-02" xlink:href="note-0176-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            lia poſta tra la parte Settentrionale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14008" xml:space="preserve">del Mezzodi dall’una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14009" xml:space="preserve">l’altra parte temperata riporta inuitte lodi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14010" xml:space="preserve">però
              <lb/>
            con i conſigli rompe le forze de Barbari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14011" xml:space="preserve">con la forte mano i penſieri de i Meridiani. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14012" xml:space="preserve">Et coſi la prouidentia Diui-
              <lb/>
            na ha poſto la Città del populo Romano in ottima è temperata Regione, accioche ella fuſſe patrona del Mondo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14013" xml:space="preserve">Se
              <lb/>
            adunque coſi ſi uede, che per le inclinationi del Cielo le disſimili Regioni con uarie maniere ſiano cõparate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14014" xml:space="preserve">che
              <lb/>
            la natura delle genti con animi diſpari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14015" xml:space="preserve">con figure de i corpi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14016" xml:space="preserve">con qualità differenti naſceſſero: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14017" xml:space="preserve">non dubitiamo
              <lb/>
            ancho non douerſi diſtribuirele ragioni del fabricare ſecondo le propietà delle genti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14018" xml:space="preserve">delle nationi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14019" xml:space="preserve">Hauendo di ciò
              <lb/>
            pronta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14020" xml:space="preserve">chiara dimoſtratione dalla natura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14021" xml:space="preserve">Io ho eſpoſto (come io ho potuto con gran ragione auuertire)le pro-
              <lb/>
            pietà de i luoghi dalla natura diſpoſti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14022" xml:space="preserve">in che modo biſogna al corſo del Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14023" xml:space="preserve">alle inclinationi del Cielo con-
              <lb/>
            ſtituire le qualità de gli Edificij alle figure delle genti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14024" xml:space="preserve">Et però adeſſo breuemente dichiarirò in uniuerſale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14025" xml:space="preserve">in
              <lb/>
            particolare le proportioni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14026" xml:space="preserve">miſure delle maniere di ciaſcuno Edificio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14027" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14028" xml:space="preserve">Le qualità de i paeſi deono eſſer conſider ate da chi fabrica, imperoche in un luogo ſi fabrica ad un modo, in altro ad altro modo, riſpetto à gli ar-
              <lb/>
            denti Soli, à i freddi uenti, alle neuoſe ſtagioni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14029" xml:space="preserve">all’inondationi del mare, ò d’i fiumi, la doue altri nelle cauerne della terra, altri ſopra i mon
              <lb/>
            ti, altrine i boſchi, altri àncho ſopra gli altisſimi alberi hanno fatto le loro habitationi, però Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14030" xml:space="preserve">ha riguardo in generale à quello, che in
              <lb/>
            ogni luogo deue conſider are l’ Architetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14031" xml:space="preserve">proua la ſua intentione à molti modi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14032" xml:space="preserve">con belli eſſempi, cioè, che le qualità del Cielo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14033" xml:space="preserve">gli
              <lb/>
            aſpetti in diuerſe Regioni fanno diuerſi effctti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14034" xml:space="preserve">che à quelli ſi deue por mente accioche ſi poſſa goder le ſtanze, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14035" xml:space="preserve">le habitationi ſenza dif-
              <lb/>
            fetto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14036" xml:space="preserve">Prende argomento dalla statura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14037" xml:space="preserve">da i membri dell’huomo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14038" xml:space="preserve">dalla diſpoſitione de gli animi, che ſeguitano la temperatura del corpo.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14039" xml:space="preserve">Il tutto è facile, ſolamente quella parte ha biſogno di eſpoſitione, che appartiene alla differenza delle uoci, quando dice, che il ſuono della uo-
              <lb/>
            ce tra le genti del mondo ha diuerſa qualità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14040" xml:space="preserve">dalla uarietà de i clima uariarſi la uoce de gli huomini, dice adunque in ſomma, che quelli à i
              <lb/>
            quali ſi leua meno il Polo ſopra l’Orizonte, hanno la uoce piu ſottile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14041" xml:space="preserve">piu acuta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14042" xml:space="preserve">quanto piu uno naſce in paeſe uicino al Polo, cioè che’l
              <lb/>
            ponto che gli ſopraſtà nel Cielo, è uicino al Polo, tanto ha uoce piu baſſa, queſta intentione é preſa da una ſimiglianza di quello instrumento,
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0176-04" xlink:href="note-0176-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            che ſi chiama Sambuca, noi forſe Arpa nominiamo, che è ſtrumento muſicale in forma di triangolo, come ancho quello che di canne formato ſi
              <lb/>
            uede in mano di Pane Dio de Paſtori, ma l’ Arpa è di corde, imaginamoſi per lo circolo Meridiano A B C D il centro del Mondo, E, l’Ori-
              <lb/>
            zonte, che è quel circolo, che diuide gli hemiſperi cioè quello, che ſi uede, da quello che non ſi uede A E C imaginamo il Polo nel punto @
              <lb/>
            dalquale cada una linea nell’Orizonte à p ombc nel punto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14043" xml:space="preserve">H & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14044" xml:space="preserve">ſimilmente un’altra
              <lb/>
              <figure xlink:label="fig-0176-01" xlink:href="fig-0176-01a" number="92">
                <variables xml:id="echoid-variables30" xml:space="preserve">B G F A H I M M E M C</variables>
              </figure>
            che peruenga al centro, E, non è dubbio che qui non ſi ueda rappreſentato un triangolo
              <lb/>
            F H E, imaginamo ancho il Polo eleuato ſopra il piano nel punto, G, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14045" xml:space="preserve">facciamo cade-
              <lb/>
            re dal detto punto una linea ſopra l’Orizonte nel punto, I, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14046" xml:space="preserve">un’altra dal detto punto
              <lb/>
            G, al centro, E, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14047" xml:space="preserve">qui haueremo un’ltro triangolo G C I, dico, che quelli, à i quali ſi le-
              <lb/>
            ua il Polo nel punto, F, hanno uoce piu ſottile, che quelli, à i quali ſi leua il Polo nel pun
              <lb/>
            to, G, rapportamo adunque la linea, F H, dentro al triangolo maggiore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14048" xml:space="preserve">iui ſia chia-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0176-05" xlink:href="note-0176-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            mata M N, certo è che la linea G I, ſerà maggiore di quella, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14049" xml:space="preserve">ſe ella fuſſe una corda
              <lb/>
            di strumento ſonarebbe piu baſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14050" xml:space="preserve">piu graue, che la corda M N, come quella, che è
              <lb/>
            piu uicina all’angulo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14051" xml:space="preserve">piu picciola, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14052" xml:space="preserve">fa ſuono piu acuto, eſſendo di piu ueloce moui-
              <lb/>
            mento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14053" xml:space="preserve">piu tirata, ſimilmente dice Vitr.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14054" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14055" xml:space="preserve">Adunque quello ſpatio, che è prosſimo al Cardine inferiore nelle parti Me
              <lb/>
            ridiane, quellle nationi, che ſono ſotto quel clima per la breuità dell’al-
              <lb/>
            l’altezza al mondo fanno un ſuono di uoce acutisſimo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14056" xml:space="preserve">ſottilisſimo,
              <lb/>
            ſi come fa nello ſtrumento la corda, che è uicina all’angulo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14057" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14058" xml:space="preserve">Et coſi ua ſeguitando, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14059" xml:space="preserve">la noſtra figura dimoſtra chiaramente la ſua intentione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14060" xml:space="preserve">quella linea obliqua, che egli dice, che ſi debbia tirare, ben-
              <lb/>
            che pare, che egli la tire dall’eſtremo Orizonte, come dal punto C che egli chiama labro, pure deue eſſer tirata dal centro, parte di queſto
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0176-06" xlink:href="note-0176-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            diſcorſo ſi legge in Ptolomeo nel ſecondo della ſua compoſitione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14061" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div447" type="section" level="1" n="65">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head65" xml:space="preserve">CAP. II. DELLE MISVRE, ET PROPORTIONI
            <lb/>
          DE I PRIVATI EDIFICII.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14062" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">Nivna</emph>
            cura magggiore hauer deue lo Architetto, che fare, che gli Edificij habbiano per la pro-
              <lb/>
            portione della rata parte, i compartimenti delle loro ragioni. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14063" xml:space="preserve">Quando ferà eſpedita la ragione del-
              <lb/>
            le Simmetrie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14064" xml:space="preserve">cõ diſcorſo eſplicate le proportioni, allhora ancho è propio di acuto animo proue-
              <lb/>
            dere alla natura del luogo, all’uſo, alla bellezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14065" xml:space="preserve">aggiugnendo, ò ſcemando fare conueneuoli tem
              <lb/>
            peramenti, acciò quando ſerà tolto, ò uero accreſciuto alla miſura, queſto paia eſſer drittamente
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0176-07" xlink:href="note-0176-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            formato in modo, che niente piu ci ſi deſideri per lo aſpetto, perche altra forma pare, che ſia d’ap-
              <lb/>
            preſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14066" xml:space="preserve">al baſſo, altra da lontano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14067" xml:space="preserve">in alto, ne quella ſteſſa pare in luogo rinchiuſo, che pare in luogo aperto,
              <lb/>
            nellequal coſe è opera di gran giudicio ſapere prender partito, perche non pare, che il uedere habbia i ueri effetti
              <lb/>
            ma bene ſpeſſo la mente dal ſuo giudicio èingannata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14068" xml:space="preserve">Come ancho appare nelle Scene dipinte gli ſporti delle colon
              <lb/>
            ne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14069" xml:space="preserve">de i mutuli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14070" xml:space="preserve">le figure de i ſegni, che uengono in fuori di rileuo, eſſendo ſenza dubbio la tauola piana, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14071" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            eguale. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14072" xml:space="preserve">Similmente i remi delle naui eſſendo ſott’acqua dritti pareno à gli occhi rotti, e ſpezzati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14073" xml:space="preserve">fin che le parti</s>
          </p>
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