Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

Table of Notes

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div448" type="section" level="1" n="66">
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14077" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="171" file="0181" n="190" rhead="SESTO."/>
            loro toccano il piano dell’acqua, appareno dritti come ſono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14078" xml:space="preserve">Quando poi ſott’acqua mandati ſono per la rarità trapparente della natura rimandano le imagini fuori dell’acqua alla ſuperſicie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14079" xml:space="preserve">iui quelle imagini agitate e com- moſſe pareno fare à gli occhi lo aſpetto dei remi ſpezzato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14080" xml:space="preserve">queſto ò perche quei ſimulachri ſono ſpinti, ò perche da gli occhi uengono i raggi del uedere (come piace à Phyſici)ò per l’una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14081" xml:space="preserve">per l’altra ragione qual ſi uoglia, coſi pare, che lo aſpetto habbia fallace il giudicio de gli occhi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14082" xml:space="preserve">Eſſendo adunque che le coſe uere pareno falſe, e prouandoſi da gli occhi, alcune coſe altramente di quello, che ſono, io non penſo, che biſogni dubitare, che alle nature, ò neceſ- ſità de i luoghi, non ſi debbia fare gli accreſcimenti, ouero le diminutioni, ma in modo, che in ſimil opere niente ſi deſideri. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14083" xml:space="preserve">Et queſto non ſolo per dottrina, ma per acutezza d’ingegno ſi puo fare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14084" xml:space="preserve">però prima ſi deue ordinare la ragione delle miſure, dallaquale ſi poſſa ſenza dubitatione pigliare il mutamento delle coſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14085" xml:space="preserve">Dapoi ſia eſplicato lo ſpacio da baſſo dell’opra, che ſi deue fare per larghezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14086" xml:space="preserve">per longhezza, dellaqual opera quando una fiata ſerà
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0181-01" xlink:href="note-0181-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            grandezza conſtituita lo apparato della proportione alla bellezza ne ſegua, accioche dubbio non ſia l’aſpetto della Eurithmia, à chi uorrà ſopra conſiderare, della quale con che ragioni ſi faccia ne dirò; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14087" xml:space="preserve">ma prima ragionerò come ſi debbiano fare i Cortili ſcoperti, delle caſe, Cauedij nominati.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14088" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14089" xml:space="preserve">Io ho detto che molto ragioneuolmente Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14090" xml:space="preserve">ha uoluto replicare nel ſeſto libro quelle coſe che nel primo ha uoluto per introduttione dell’Ar-
              <lb/>
            chitettura proporre, perche l’ Architetto hauer deue le iſteſſe idee, nell’ ordinare gli edifici priuati, che egli ha nelle coſe publiche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14091" xml:space="preserve">molto
              <lb/>
            bene auuertire alla Difpoſitione, al Decoro, alla Bellezza, alla Diſtributione, al Compartimento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14092" xml:space="preserve">altre coſe toccate nel primo libro ſe-
              <lb/>
            condo che nel detto luogo molto bene hauemo eſpoſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14093" xml:space="preserve">di piu ancho ſi deprime l’arroganza di molti, che miſurano molte membra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14094" xml:space="preserve">mol
              <lb/>
            te parti, nelle ruine di Roma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14095" xml:space="preserve">non trouando quelle riſpondere alle miſure di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14096" xml:space="preserve">ſubito le biaſimano dicendo, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14097" xml:space="preserve">non la intende-
              <lb/>
            ua, la doue imitando nelle fabriche le coſe, che hanno miſurato fuori de i luoghi loro, come ferma regola ſempre allo iſteſſo modo ſi gouerna-
              <lb/>
            no, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14098" xml:space="preserve">non hanno conſideratione à quello, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14099" xml:space="preserve">ha detto di ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14100" xml:space="preserve">molto piu chiar amente dice nel preſente luogo, cioè che non ſem-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0181-02" xlink:href="note-0181-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            pre ſi deue ſeruare le iſteſſe regole, e Simmetrie, perche la natura del luogo richiede ſpeſſo altra ragione di miſure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14101" xml:space="preserve">la necesſità ci astrigne
              <lb/>
            à dare, ò leuare di quelle, che propoſte haueuamo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14102" xml:space="preserve">Però in quel caſo dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14103" xml:space="preserve">che ſi uede molto la ſottigliezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14104" xml:space="preserve">giudicio dello Architet-
              <lb/>
            to, ilquale togliendo, ò dando di piu alle miſure, lo fa in modo, che l’occhio ha la parte ſua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14105" xml:space="preserve">regge la necesſità con bella e ſottile Ragione.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14106" xml:space="preserve">Et ſe noitrouamo la Cornice del Theatro di Marcello alquãto diuerſa dalle regole di Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14107" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14108" xml:space="preserve">il reſtante eſſer benisſimo inteſo, non douemo bia
              <lb/>
            ſmare quel grande Architetto, che fece il detto Theatro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14109" xml:space="preserve">Imperoche chi haueſſe ueduto tutta l’opera inſieme forſe hauerebbe ſatto miglior
              <lb/>
            giudicio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14110" xml:space="preserve">però ben dice Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14111" xml:space="preserve">che ſe bene la maggior cura, che ha l’ Architetto, ſia d’intorno le miſure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14112" xml:space="preserve">proportioni, però grande acqui
              <lb/>
            ſto ſa di ualore, quando egli è forzato partirſi dalle propoſte Simmetrie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14113" xml:space="preserve">niente lieua alla bellezza dello aſpetto, ne puo eſſere incolpato
              <lb/>
            perche con ragione habbia medicato il male della necesſità. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14114" xml:space="preserve">Et qui ſi uede quanto ſia neceſſaria la proſpettiua allo Architetto, e dimoſtra la
              <lb/>
            forza ſua, quando ſia, che la uiſta noſtra merauiglioſamente ingannata ſia dalle pitture fatte ne i piani, che per ragione di proſpettiua rego-
              <lb/>
            lata da un ſol punto fa parere le coſe di rilieuo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14115" xml:space="preserve">non ſi puo certificarſi, che non ſiano di rilieuo ſe l’huomo non le tocca, o non ſe le auuicina. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14116" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0181-03" xlink:href="note-0181-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            E gli inganni della uiſta ſono, ò per la diuerſità de i mezzi, per liquali ſi uedono le coſe che eſſendo intiere paiono ſpezzate, eſſendo picciole
              <lb/>
            paiono grande, eſſendo lontane paiono uicme. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14117" xml:space="preserve">La troppa luce impediſce, la poca non è baſteuole alle coſe minute. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14118" xml:space="preserve">Le diſtanze mutano le
              <lb/>
            figure, però le coſe quadrate da lontano pareno tonde, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14119" xml:space="preserve">Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14120" xml:space="preserve">di tal coſa in niolti lucghi, ci ha fatti auuertiti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14121" xml:space="preserve">Gli ſcorzi de i corpi non la-
              <lb/>
            ſciano uedere tutte le parti loro, il ueloce mouimento fa parere una fiamma contim a, quando uelocemente ſi moue una uerga affocata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14122" xml:space="preserve">La
              <lb/>
            infermit à dell’occhio partoriſce ancho diuerſi errori; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14123" xml:space="preserve">però à molte coſe delle ſopra dette il ualente Architetto puo rimediare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14124" xml:space="preserve">Dapoi che
              <lb/>
            adun que l’ Architetto hauera molto ben cenſiderato la ragion delle miſure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14125" xml:space="preserve">à quel tutto, che fa la coſa bella ſia di che genere eſſer ſi uo-
              <lb/>
            glia, ò ſodo per ſoſtener i peſi, ò ſuelto per dilettare, come il Corinthio, ò trammezzo per l’uno, e l’altro come il Ionico, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14126" xml:space="preserve">egli hauer à au-
              <lb/>
            uertito al numero, delquale la natura ſi compiace nelle colonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14127" xml:space="preserve">nelle apriture, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14128" xml:space="preserve">che le coſe alte naſcono dalle baſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14129" xml:space="preserve">che quelle propor-
              <lb/>
            tioni, che danno diletto alle orecchie nelle uoci, le isteſſe applicate à i corpi dilettano à gli occhi, dapoi dico, che tutte queſte coſe ſer anno pre-
              <lb/>
            uiſte, biſognerà, che egli ſottilisſimamente proueda, à quello, che ſerà neceſſario à quclla parte, che Eurithmia è chiamata nel primo libro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14130" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div451" type="section" level="1" n="67">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head67" xml:space="preserve">CAP. III. DE I CAVEDI DELLE CASE.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14131" xml:space="preserve">
              <emph style="sc">Icavedi</emph>
            , diſtinti ſono in cinque maniere, le figure, de i quali coſi ſono nominate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14132" xml:space="preserve">Toſcana, Co
              <lb/>
            rinthia, Tetraſtila, Diſplu uiata, Teſtugginata I Thoſcani ſon quelli, nei quali le traui, che paſſa-
              <lb/>
            no per la larghezza dell’ Atrio hanno alcuni trauicelli pendenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14133" xml:space="preserve">i canali, ò collature dell’acque,
              <lb/>
            che corrono di mezzo da gli anguli de i pareti, à gli anguli delle traui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14134" xml:space="preserve">ancho da gli aſſeri nel mez
              <lb/>
            zo del Cauedio detto compluuio ſono i cadimenti dell’acque. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14135" xml:space="preserve">Ne i Corinthij con le iſteſſe ragioni
              <lb/>
            ſi pongono le traui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14136" xml:space="preserve">i compluuij, ma ci è queſto di piu, che le traui ſi partono da i pareti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14137" xml:space="preserve">ſi
              <lb/>
            ſoprapongono alle colonne d’intorno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14138" xml:space="preserve">I Tetraſtili ſon quelli, che hauendo ſotto le traui le colonne angulari le pre-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0181-05" xlink:href="note-0181-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            ſtano utilità & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14139" xml:space="preserve">fermezza, perche ne eſſe ſono conſtrette hauer gran peſo, ne ſono caricate dalle traui trapen-
              <lb/>
            denti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14140" xml:space="preserve">I Diſpluuiati ſon quelli, nei quali li pendenti traui che ſoſtengono l’arca ſcacciano l’acque cadenti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14141" xml:space="preserve">Queſti
              <lb/>
            ſono di grandisſima utilità alle ſtanze del uerno, perche i loro compluuή dritti, non togliono il lume à i T riclini. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14142" xml:space="preserve">Ma
              <lb/>
            hanno queſto incommodo ne gli acconciamenti, che d’intorno i pareti le canne contengono i cadimenti dell’acque,
              <lb/>
            lequal canne non coſi preſto riceuono l’acque cadenti ne i canali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14143" xml:space="preserve">coſi redondanti reſtagnano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14144" xml:space="preserve">s’ingorgano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14145" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            guaſtano in quelle maniere di fabriche le fineſtre. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14146" xml:space="preserve">Ma i Teſtugginati ſi fanno la doue non ſono gran forze, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14147" xml:space="preserve">di ſo-
              <lb/>
            pra nei palchi ſi fanno ſpaciofi perle habitationi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14148" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14149" xml:space="preserve">Hauendoci Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14150" xml:space="preserve">eſposto quello, che @ouemo conſiderare prima, che mettiamo le mani à fabricare le caſe priuate, ſi per riſpetto delle porti del
              <lb/>
            Cielo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14151" xml:space="preserve">gli afpetti del mondo ſecondo i quali douemo diſponere gli Edificiij, ſi per riſpetto alle miſure, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14152" xml:space="preserve">proportioni, allequali douemo au-
              <lb/>
            uertire tanto nella hbera, quanto nella necesſitata diſpoſitione de gli Edificij. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14153" xml:space="preserve">Comincia à darci i precetti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14154" xml:space="preserve">i compartimenti delle caſe pri-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0181-06" xlink:href="note-0181-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            uate, hauendo conſideratione delle piu belle parti di eſſe, accomodandole alle qualità delle perſone, conſiderando le parti communi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14155" xml:space="preserve">le pro-
              <lb/>
            pie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14156" xml:space="preserve">non laſciando coſa che degna ſia del ſuo auuertimento. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14157" xml:space="preserve">Cominciando adunque à trattar delle caſe egli principia da quelle parti, che
              <lb/>
            prima uengono all’aſpetto noſtro, come ha fatto nel trattamento de i Tẽpi nel Terzo Lib. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14158" xml:space="preserve">Quello adunque, che prima ne uiene allo aſpet@o è il
              <lb/>
            piouere de i colmi, ò tetti, cioe quella parte di doue pioue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14159" xml:space="preserve">quella doue pioue Impluuio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14160" xml:space="preserve">compluuio nommata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14161" xml:space="preserve">è ragioneuole dichiari-
              <lb/>
            re queſta forma, ſi perche ella è la prima che ci uiene inanzi, ſi perche hauendoci Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14162" xml:space="preserve">dato i precetti della contignatione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14163" xml:space="preserve">del legamen-
              <lb/>
            to del tetto di dentro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14164" xml:space="preserve">di ſotto (come s’ha ueduto nel Quarto Libro).</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14165" xml:space="preserve">Egli ci uuole moſtrare di quanti aſpetti ſiano, ſecondo diuerſe manie-
              <lb/>
            re i pioueri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14166" xml:space="preserve">i colmi di fuori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14167" xml:space="preserve">di ſopra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14168" xml:space="preserve">Cauædia chiama egli queſti luoghi, perche ueramente ſono come caui delle caſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14169" xml:space="preserve">A ulas i Greci ſo-
              <lb/>
            gliono nominare questi luoghi circondati da muri è ſcoperti nel mezzo, noi Cortili, ò Corti chiamamo, entrate et cortili quelli, che ſono ſcoper
              <lb/>
            ti, entrate quelli, che ſono coperti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14170" xml:space="preserve">Il cortile adunque è una parte delle principali, nellaquale (come dice l’ Alberto)come in un Foro commu
              <lb/>
            ne concorrono tutti gli altri membri minori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14171" xml:space="preserve">come nella Città il Foro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14172" xml:space="preserve">le parti congiunte al Foro, ſono quelle, che prima ſi riguardano,
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0181-07" xlink:href="note-0181-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            coſi nella caſa, che è come una picciola Città, ſi da prima d’occhio al Cortile, al quale ſi da luogo ampio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14173" xml:space="preserve">aperto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14174" xml:space="preserve">pronto ad ogni coſa.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14175" xml:space="preserve">I nomi de i Cauedi ſi pigliano, ò dall’uſanza di diuerſe Città, ò dalla forma loro, ſono detti ancho Atria, ma per un’ altro riſpetto, perche Ca-
              <lb/>
            uedium è detto riſpetto à quella parte che è ſcoperta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14176" xml:space="preserve">che pioue nel mezzo, Atrium riſpetto à quella parte che è coperta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14177" xml:space="preserve">Cinque ſono le
              <lb/>
            maniere de i Cauedi altre ſi pigliano dalla forma, altre dall’ uſanze d’alcune Città Prima è la Toſcana, che è la piu ſemplice delle altre dalla-
              <lb/>
            quale forſe ſono gli Atrij nominati, perche erano in Toſcana i popoli Atrienſi, per ilche non piace, che Atrium ſia detto dal color A tro, che
              <lb/>
            prociede dal fumo, come che in quelli ſi faceſſe la cucina. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14178" xml:space="preserve">I Cauedi Toſcani erano quelli, ne i quali le traui, che paſſano per la larghezza </s>
          </p>
        </div>
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