Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div451" type="section" level="1" n="67">
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14178" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="172" file="0182" n="191" rhead="LIBRO"/>
            Atrio baueuano altri trauicelli pendenti tra quelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14179" xml:space="preserve">però Interpenſiua ſi chiamano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14180" xml:space="preserve">il loro pendere era un piouere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14181" xml:space="preserve">baueuano i cana-
              <lb/>
            li, che Colliquie detti ſono, i quali traccorreuano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14182" xml:space="preserve">erano trappoſti in modo di piouere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14183" xml:space="preserve">ueniuano da gli anguli de i pareti à glianguli delle
              <lb/>
            traui. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14184" xml:space="preserve">Erano quattro traui principali ſopra quali ſi poſauano alcuni altri trauicelli, che ſtauano in piouere detti da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14185" xml:space="preserve">Interpenſiui,
              <lb/>
            perche trapendono, queſti ueniuano da gli angoli de i pareti à gli angoli delle traui minori. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14186" xml:space="preserve">Erano con una delle loro teſte fermate ſopra que
              <lb/>
            trauicelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14187" xml:space="preserve">conl’altra come appoggiate ne gli angoli de i pareti, eranui poi i lor morelli detti Aſſeri (de quali hauemòdetto nel Quarto Li-
              <lb/>
            bro) ſopra esſi erano gl’lmbrici, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14188" xml:space="preserve">le Tauelle; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14189" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14190" xml:space="preserve">mandauano giu l’acqua allargo nel Cortile. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14191" xml:space="preserve">Ma che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14192" xml:space="preserve">intenda per queſto nome de In-
              <lb/>
            terpenſiui, i trauicelli appoggiati di ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14193" xml:space="preserve">non poſti di ſotto per ſoſtenimento delle traui, che trappaſſano per la largbezza dello Atrio
              <lb/>
            (come uogliono alcuni) Egli ſi uede per le parole, che egli dice di ſotto parlando de i Cauedi Tetraſtili: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14194" xml:space="preserve">dicendo, che le traui non ſono cari-
              <lb/>
            cate da gl’ Interpenſiui. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14195" xml:space="preserve">Segno adunque è che gl’ Interpenſiui caricano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14196" xml:space="preserve">ſtanno di ſopra: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14197" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14198" xml:space="preserve">ſe ſosteneſſero, non ſi chiamerebbeno Inter-
              <lb/>
            penſiui. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14199" xml:space="preserve">Questi Cauedi non haueuano portico à torno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14200" xml:space="preserve">il loro piouere era ſemplicisſimo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14201" xml:space="preserve">ueniua molto inanzi gettando l’acque molto
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0182-01" xlink:href="note-0182-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            lontane da i pareti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14202" xml:space="preserve">La ſeconda maniera è detta Corintbia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14203" xml:space="preserve">non è differente quãto al uenir in ſuori delle traui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14204" xml:space="preserve">del piouere dalla Toſcana.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14205" xml:space="preserve">Ma è ben differente, perche le traui, che uengono da i pareti dalla larghezza dell’ A trio ſono ſopra colonne, che uanno d’intorno al Cauedio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14206" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14207" xml:space="preserve">Come dimoſtra la pianta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14208" xml:space="preserve">la figura, O, laqual ancho ci ſerue al primo Cauedio, per la ſimiglianza che ha il Cauedio Corinthio con lo Toſca-
              <lb/>
            no, intendendo però che nello Toſcano non ciſiano colonne. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14209" xml:space="preserve">La terza maniera è detta Tetraſtilos, cioè di quattro colonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14210" xml:space="preserve">è molto ſorte
              <lb/>
            ne ha molto carico, perche non ci ſono gl’ Interpenſiui, Queſto Cortile non doueua eſſer molto grande imperoche hauendo ſolo quattro colon
              <lb/>
            ne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14211" xml:space="preserve">quelle ſopra le cantonate, ſe ſuſſe ſtato molto longo, òlargo, gli ſpacij tra le colonne ſarebbeno ſtati ſuori di modo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14212" xml:space="preserve">la opera non ſa-
              <lb/>
            rebbe ſtata ſerma (come dice Vitr.) </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14213" xml:space="preserve">La quarta maniera, è, detta Diſpluuiata, cioè quella che sta in due pioueri fatta di Traui posti come una
              <lb/>
            Seſta aperta in piedi, che Deliquiæ ſi chiamano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14214" xml:space="preserve">Queſti han due cadimenti dell’ acque, però che una parte pioue uerſo i cortili, l’altra dall’altra
              <lb/>
            parte di ſuori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14215" xml:space="preserve">qui ci naſce un diſſctto, perche l’acqua, che cade per li canali, non può coſi preſto entrare nelle canne, che Fiſtule ſi chiamano
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14216" xml:space="preserve">ſu le bocche s’ingorgano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14217" xml:space="preserve">ſoprabõdando ſi ſparge, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14218" xml:space="preserve">uien giu per li pareti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14219" xml:space="preserve">col tempo guaſta i ſottogrondali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14220" xml:space="preserve">le fineſtre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14221" xml:space="preserve">ile-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0182-02" xlink:href="note-0182-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            gnami, che poi diſſicilmente s’acconciano, hanno però queſto commodo, che non impediſcono i lumi alle ſtanze doue ſi mangia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14222" xml:space="preserve">laragio-
              <lb/>
            ne è perche il loro tetto non uiene troppo in fuori col piouere, ma pende dolcemente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14223" xml:space="preserve">il lume non è impedito, però ancho ſe io uoleſſe dire
              <lb/>
            che gli A tri fuſſero detti dal color Atro, io direi, che il piouere, che ſporta molto in fuori, fa quegli ombroſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14224" xml:space="preserve">oſcuri, ma forſe A trium può
              <lb/>
            uenir dal Greco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14225" xml:space="preserve">ſignificare un luogo, che non ba uia che uolga. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14226" xml:space="preserve">La quinta maniera ſi chiama Teſtudinata fatta in quattro pioueri, penſo io,
              <lb/>
            che queſti fuſſero coperti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14227" xml:space="preserve">che di ſopra baueſſero le ſale è le stanze ſpacioſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14228" xml:space="preserve">i palchi ſoſtentati da bellisſimi colonnati, che dinanzi alle
              <lb/>
            porte faceſſero mostra di belle loggie, che per uestibuli ſeruiſſero, ò che nell’entrate baueſſero colonne compartite à modo, che deſſero gran-
              <lb/>
            dezza è bellezza, può ancho eſſer, che queſti cauedi fuſſero di caſe ordinarie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14229" xml:space="preserve">di perſone di mediocre conditione, nellequali non erano Atri
              <lb/>
            ne colonnati, ſe forſe non uogliamo dire, che Atriſi chiamaſſero quelle entrate, ilche niuno uieta, che coſi egli non s’intenda.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14230" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div455" type="section" level="1" n="68">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head68" xml:space="preserve">CAP. IIII. DE GLI ATRII, ALE, TABLINI.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14231" xml:space="preserve">LE LONGHEZZE ueramente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14232" xml:space="preserve">le larghezze de gli Atrij, à tre modi ſi formano, Prima par-
              <lb/>
            tendo la longhezza loro in cinque parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14233" xml:space="preserve">dandone tre alla larghezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14234" xml:space="preserve">Poi partendo in tre, e dan-
              <lb/>
            done due, finalmente ponendo la larghezza in un quadro perfetto, e tirando la Diagonale,la lon-
              <lb/>
            ghezzza della quale dara la longhezza dello Atrio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14235" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14236" xml:space="preserve">Io non diuiderei con nouo capo queſta parte de gli Atrij dal capitolo precedente perche l’Atrio ua col Cauedio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14237" xml:space="preserve">ancho
              <lb/>
            il modo del parlare, che uſa Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14238" xml:space="preserve">lo dimostra dicendo Atriorum uero longitudines. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14239" xml:space="preserve">L’Atrio è quella parte prima à chi
              <lb/>
            entra dentro in caſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14240" xml:space="preserve">è luogo coperto, ha la porta principale nel mezzo à dirimpetto dellaquale in fronte ſono le porte, che uanno ne i Pe-
              <lb/>
            ristili paſſando prima per alcuni altri luoghi, che Tablini ſi chiamano, ba dalla deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14241" xml:space="preserve">dalla ſiniſtra le ale, che Pteromata in Greco ſi chia-
              <lb/>
            mano, che lo Atrio ſia la prima parte lo dimoſtra Vir. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14242" xml:space="preserve">nel ſettimo capo del preſente Libro dicendo, che nella Città gli Atrij eſſer deono ap-
              <lb/>
            preſſo la porta, che lo Atrio ſuſſe coperto Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14243" xml:space="preserve">ſimilmente l’ba dimostrato di ſopra parlando del Cauedio, doue dice le traui, che ſono nella lar
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0182-03" xlink:href="note-0182-03a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            ghezza dello Atrio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14244" xml:space="preserve">il resto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14245" xml:space="preserve">Le miſure, è ſimmetria de gli Atrij ſi ſannno in tre modi, cioè gli Atrij ſono in tre proportioni, il primo ė quan
              <lb/>
            do la longhezza dello A trio è partita in cinque parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14246" xml:space="preserve">tre ſe ne danno alla larghezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14247" xml:space="preserve">Il ſecondo è quando la longbezza è diuiſa in tre par-
              <lb/>
            ti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14248" xml:space="preserve">due ſi danno alla larghezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14249" xml:space="preserve">La terza e quando ſi da alla longhezza la Diagonale del quadrato della larghezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14250" xml:space="preserve">La prima è in propor-
              <lb/>
            tione ſoprabipartiente le terze, cioè d’un quadro e due terzi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14251" xml:space="preserve">La ſeconda e in proportione ſeſquialtera, cioè d’un quadro e mezzo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14252" xml:space="preserve">La terzaè
              <lb/>
            Diagonale. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14253" xml:space="preserve">Prima che io uegna alla dichiaratione, e al compartimento di queſte parti uoglio porre il ſecondo capo del Trenteſimoquinto Li-
              <lb/>
            bro di Plinio, perche à me pare, che egli faccia al propoſito ſi per l’uſo de gli Atri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14254" xml:space="preserve">de i Tablini ſi per l’antichità memorabile, che in eſſo
              <lb/>
            argutamente ſi racconta.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14255" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14256" xml:space="preserve">Per la Pittura delle imagini molto grandemente ſimiglianti di tempo in tempo ſi conſeruauano le figure, ilche del tutto è mancato. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14257" xml:space="preserve">Hora ſi pongo-
              <lb/>
            no gli ſcudi di Rame coperti d’Argento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14258" xml:space="preserve">con non inteſa
              <unsure/>
            diſſerenza delle figure, ſi cambiano le teſte delle Statue, diuulgati ancho i moti de i
              <lb/>
            uerſi coſi piu presto uogliono, che la materia ſia riguardata, che esſi eſſer conoſciuti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14259" xml:space="preserve">tra queſte coſe con le ueccbie tauole acconciano gli ar
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0182-04" xlink:href="note-0182-04a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            mari doue ſaluano le tauole, detti Pinacothece, et fanno bonore alla effigie altrui non iſtimando l’honore ſe non nel precio, che lo herede le rom
              <lb/>
            pino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14260" xml:space="preserve">il laccio del ladro le leuino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14261" xml:space="preserve">coſi non uiuendo l’effigie d’alcuno laſciano nõ le loro imagini, ma quelle della pecunia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14262" xml:space="preserve">Gli iſtesſi adorna
              <lb/>
            no le paleſtre de gli Athleti con imagini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14263" xml:space="preserve">i luoghi loro doue ſi hanno ad ugnere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14264" xml:space="preserve">per li cubiculi portano le ſaccie dello Epicuro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14265" xml:space="preserve">li por
              <lb/>
            tano ſeco à torno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14266" xml:space="preserve">Nel loro Natale ſan ſacrificio al uigeſimo della Luna, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14267" xml:space="preserve">ſeruano le ſeſte ogni meſe, che lcade ſono dette. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14268" xml:space="preserve">Eſpecialmente
              <lb/>
            quelli, che ancho in uita non uogliono eſſer conoſciuti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14269" xml:space="preserve">Et coſi e ueramẽte, che la pigritia ha rouinato l’arti. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14270" xml:space="preserve">Et perche non ci ſono le imagini de
              <lb/>
            gli animi, ancho quelle de i corpiſono ſprezzate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14271" xml:space="preserve">Altramente appreſſo i maggiort erano quelle ne gli Atrij, perche guardati fuſſero non i ſegni
              <lb/>
            de gli Artefici ſoreſtieri, non i Metalli, non i Marmi, ma i uolti eſpresſi nella cera per ciaſcun armario erã diſpoſti, accioche iui ſuſſero le ima-
              <lb/>
            gine, che nelle eſſequi
              <unsure/>
            e accompagnaſſero i Funerali delle caſate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14272" xml:space="preserve">ſempre che uno era morto, ſi trouaua preſente per ord
              <unsure/>
            ine tutta la moltitu-
              <lb/>
            dine, che era ſtata di quella famiglia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14273" xml:space="preserve">gli ordini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14274" xml:space="preserve">gradi cõliſte di Rame erano trapposte alle imagini dipinte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14275" xml:space="preserve">Erano ancho tra le porte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14276" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ſogli delle porte le imagine de i grandisſimi animi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14277" xml:space="preserve">attaccate le ſpoglie de i nemici, lequalt ne da chi compraua la caſa era lecito, che rotte
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0182-05" xlink:href="note-0182-05a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            fuſſero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14278" xml:space="preserve">mutati i patroni reſtauano gl’ornamenci delle caſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14279" xml:space="preserve">queſto era un grande ſtimolo, che le caſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14280" xml:space="preserve">i tetti ogni giorno rinſacciaua-
              <lb/>
            no, che un dapoco patrone entraſſe nel trionſo d’altri.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14281" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14282" xml:space="preserve">Ecco che da questo luogo ſi può hauer il ſentimento di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14283" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14284" xml:space="preserve">come nello Atrio era il Tablino, le imagini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14285" xml:space="preserve">le ſtatue. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14286" xml:space="preserve">Similmente Ouidio nella
              <lb/>
            ottaua Elegia del primo de gli Amori dice. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14287" xml:space="preserve">Nec te dicipiant ueteris quinque Atria ceræ, uolendo dimostrare una grande, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14288" xml:space="preserve">antica nobiltà à
              <lb/>
            cui non bastaſſero cinque Atrij per porre le imagini di cera de i maggiori. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14289" xml:space="preserve">L’uſo adunque di queſti Atri, et delle parti loro come Ale è Tablini
              <lb/>
            è di già maniſeſto per le parole di questi buoni autori. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14290" xml:space="preserve">Per procedere adunque ordinatamente nel diſſegno de gli Atrij, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14291" xml:space="preserve">nel compartimen-
              <lb/>
            to delle caſe, accioche egli s’intenda questa materia riputata (come inuero è) da tutti diſſicilima. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14292" xml:space="preserve">Io dico, che biſogna prima uenire alla pianta,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14293" xml:space="preserve">con linee diſſegnare l’Atrio in longbezza, et larghezza ſecondo una di quelle proportioni, che ha poſto Vit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14294" xml:space="preserve">ò di un quadro è mezzo, ò Dia-
              <lb/>
            gonale, ò d’un quadro e due terzi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14295" xml:space="preserve">qui noi l’hauemo fatto d’un quadro è mezzo incluſo nelle lettere A B C D. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14296" xml:space="preserve">Venimo poi al diſſegno delle
              <lb/>
            A le, che ſono dalla deſtra, et dalla ſiniſtra ſolamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14297" xml:space="preserve">ſono portichi, e colonnati, et perche dipendono dalla proportione della longhezza del-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0182-06" xlink:href="note-0182-06a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            l’Atrio, accioche cõ eſſo ſiano proportionate, è neceſſario ſapere di quanti piedi ſia la longhezza dello A trio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14298" xml:space="preserve">Qui adunque fatto hauemo l’A-
              <lb/>
            trio longo 80 piedi, la doue cader à ſotto laregola, che dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14299" xml:space="preserve">che ſe lo Atrio ſerà longo da 80 in 100 piedi, tutta la ſua longhezza ſi par-
              <lb/>
            tira in s parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14300" xml:space="preserve">una di eſſe ſi dara alle Ale à queſto modo, che la 5 parte di 80 ſi diuide in due parti eguali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14301" xml:space="preserve">unaſi da alla destra Ala l’altra
              <lb/>
            alla ſiniſtra, non ponendo però à questo conto la groſſezza delle colonne percioche le Ale uenirebbero molto ſtrette. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14302" xml:space="preserve">La larghezza adunque
              <lb/>
            delle Ale ſera 8 piedi, perche 16 e un quinto di 80. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14303" xml:space="preserve">Queſto Atrio adũque ſerà 80 piedi lõgo e. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14304" xml:space="preserve">53 onz. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14305" xml:space="preserve">16 largo, et hauerà l’ Ale di 8 piedi ſenza
              <lb/>
            la groſſezza delle colonne. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s14306" xml:space="preserve">L’altezza ueramente de gli Atri è la iſteſſa in tutti, cioè ſi ſa ad uno isteſſo modo, che leuando un quarto della </s>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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