Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div517" type="section" level="1" n="81">
          <pb o="186" file="0196" n="205" rhead="LIBRO"/>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15611" xml:space="preserve">Varie ſono le maniere de i uolti, e camere, noidouemo cercare, che differenza ſiatra quelle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15612" xml:space="preserve">quali ſiano le linee de i contorni loro, le ſorti
              <lb/>
            loro ſono la fornice, la camera, l’hemiſpero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15613" xml:space="preserve">quelle uolte, che ſono parti di queſte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15614" xml:space="preserve">L’hemiſpero, ò mezza palla non uiene per ſua natura
              <lb/>
            ſe non dalle piante circolari. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15615" xml:space="preserve">La camera ſi deue alle piante quadrate, le fornici conuengono a quegli edifici, che ſon quadrangolari, ma quel
              <lb/>
            uolto, che è fatto à ſimiglianza d’un monte cauato, è detto fornice, che è un uolto longo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15616" xml:space="preserve">piegato in arco. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15617" xml:space="preserve">Imaginamoci un parete lar-
              <lb/>
            ghisſimo, che dalla cima ſi uolti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15618" xml:space="preserve">ſi pieghi attrauerſo d’un portico. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15619" xml:space="preserve">Camera è come un’arco, che da Mezzodi à Trammontana ſi pieghi,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15620" xml:space="preserve">che ne habbia ſimilmente attrauerſato un’altro da Leuante à Ponente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15621" xml:space="preserve">e à ſimiglianza delle corna piegate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15622" xml:space="preserve">Hemiſpero e il concorſo
              <lb/>
            di molti archi eguali in un centro del colmo di mezzo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15623" xml:space="preserve">Ciſono ancho molte altre maniere di uolti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15624" xml:space="preserve">di archi, che fanno mostra di figure di
              <lb/>
            molti anguli, dellequali è una iſteſſa ragione deluoltarli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15625" xml:space="preserve">tutte le predette maniere ſi fanno con laragione, che ſi fa il parete, imperoche i
              <lb/>
            ſoſtegni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15626" xml:space="preserve">l’oſſa, che uengono ſino alla ſommita deono leuarſi dall’oſſa del parete, ma ſecondo il modo loro deono nel parete eſſer’impoſti,
              <lb/>
            cioe in quella forma, che uolemo dar al uolto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15627" xml:space="preserve">queste oſſa deono eſſer drizzate diſtanti una dall’altra, per un certo ſpatio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15628" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15629" xml:space="preserve">dice Aſſeri
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0196-01" xlink:href="note-0196-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            drizzati non lontani uno dall’altro piu di due piedi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15630" xml:space="preserve">ſono trauicelli alti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15631" xml:space="preserve">stretti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15632" xml:space="preserve">dice queſti Aſſeri quando ſeranno diſtribuiti ſecon-
              <lb/>
            do la forma del giro cioe ſecondo quella maniera di uolto, che uolemo fare, deono con catene eſſer legati, queste catene ſono legature di legni
              <lb/>
            poste nelle ſommita di detti trauicelli, accioche ſi tenghino inſieme. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15633" xml:space="preserve">Siano queſti chiodati al tetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15634" xml:space="preserve">tauolato di ſopra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15635" xml:space="preserve">Et que ſpatij tra l’oſſa
              <lb/>
            uuole l’Alberto, che ſiano riempiti, ma ui é differenza tra gli empiementi, che ſi fanno ne i pareti, ò muri, da quelli, che ſi fanno tra que ſte
              <lb/>
            oſſa, imperoche nel muro uanno dritti à piombo, qui piegati, e torti, ſecondo la forma de i uolti, uole ancho che l’oſſa ſian di pietra cotta
              <lb/>
            di due piedi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15636" xml:space="preserve">iriempimenti di leggierisſima pietra, per non caricare il muro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15637" xml:space="preserve">Dice poi, che per fare gli archi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15638" xml:space="preserve">i uolti, è neceſſario l’ar-
              <lb/>
            matura, che è fatta di legname ſecondo la forma, che ſi uuole, ſopra queſta ſi pongono le Craticole di canne, per ſostenere quella materia di
              <lb/>
            che ſi fa il uolto, fin che s’induriſca, uuole che la mezza palla non habbia biſogno d’armatura, ne quelle forme, che uanno imitando quel
              <lb/>
            che ſon di molti anguli, ma bene ſa biſogno d’una legatura, ò tesſitura, che legbi ſtrettisſimamente le parti debili, con le ferme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15639" xml:space="preserve">ga-
              <lb/>
            gliarde, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15640" xml:space="preserve">iui cõmenda la forma dell’Hemiſpero, dice poi, che la teſtugine, la camera, la fornice hanno biſogno d’armature, riccommandando i
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0196-02" xlink:href="note-0196-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            primi ordini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15641" xml:space="preserve">i capi de gli archi à fermisſime imposte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15642" xml:space="preserve">da alcuni precetti d’intorno a queſta materia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15643" xml:space="preserve">di leuar l’armature, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15644" xml:space="preserve">di riem
              <lb/>
            pir i uani, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15645" xml:space="preserve">di fortificar gli archi, i quali precetti ſono chiari à praticanti, noi uſamo gli archi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15646" xml:space="preserve">i uolti, le crocciere, le cube, i rimenati,
              <lb/>
            le uolte à lunette ſecondo le nature de gli edifici, come è noto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15647" xml:space="preserve">Formata la camera, cioe quella curuatura di uolto, come ci piace, ſi copre
              <lb/>
            il cielo di ſotto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15648" xml:space="preserve">ſi da di ſopra quello, che dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15649" xml:space="preserve">dapoi ſi ſanno le cornici à torno di ſtucco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15650" xml:space="preserve">non ui entra geſſo di ſorte alcuna, ſotto
              <lb/>
            le cornici, lequali deono eſſer leggieri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15651" xml:space="preserve">di ſottil materia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15652" xml:space="preserve">non hauer molto ſporto, perche non ſi rompino caricate dal peſo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15653" xml:space="preserve">Si deue
              <lb/>
            hauer cura de intonicar i pareti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15654" xml:space="preserve">in queſta parte è molto diffuſo il detto Alberto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15655" xml:space="preserve">Manoi ſtaremo con Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15656" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15657" xml:space="preserve">diremo la ſua intentione
              <lb/>
            da capo, laqual è di apparecchiare i uolti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15658" xml:space="preserve">le camere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15659" xml:space="preserve">dice, che egli ſi deue drizzare alcuni trauicelli diſtanti due piedi uno dall’altro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15660" xml:space="preserve">ſia
              <lb/>
            no di Cipreſſo per eſſer legno, che non ſi tarla, ne ſi guaſta, queſti trauicelli deono eßer cõpartiti à torno la stanza con catene di legno fin al ta
              <lb/>
            uolato, ò tetto con ſpesſi chiodi di ferro confitti, uuole che queſte catene ſieno, ò di Boſſo, ò di Oliua, ò di Cipreſſo, ò di Rouere, ma non di
              <lb/>
            Quercia, perche ſi fende, ne d’altro legname, che patiſca. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15661" xml:space="preserve">Fornite le legature, è diſpoſti i trauicelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15662" xml:space="preserve">confitti fin ſotto il tauolato, biſogna
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0196-03" xlink:href="note-0196-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            con ſtore di ſparto Hiſpano, che è una ſorte di giunco, ò con cãne Greche, pistate, et ſono (penſo io) di quelle, che noi chiamamo canne uere, ſi
              <lb/>
            adoperano ſimile uolti in romagna da loro quella forma, che ſi uuole, perche queſta è materia, che ſi piega, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15663" xml:space="preserve">che ſi maneggia come ſi uuole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15664" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            coſi formato il cielo, ſi bãno due ſuperficie una di ſopra cõueſſa, che guarda al tetto, l’altra di ſotto concaua, che guarda il pauimẽto, quella di ſo
              <lb/>
            pra è coperta con calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15665" xml:space="preserve">arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15666" xml:space="preserve">ſmaltata, accioche diſendad liparte di ſopra dalle g@ccia
              <unsure/>
            , che @adeſſero
              <unsure/>
            dal colmo ò dalle trauature Etc@ſi,
              <lb/>
            ſera eſpedita la parte di ſopra; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15667" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15668" xml:space="preserve">quando non ci fusſino canne Greche, uſeremo le cannuccie delle paludi, delle quali ſi faranno come craticule
              <lb/>
            inſieme legate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15669" xml:space="preserve">annodate cõ cordicelle, ò giunchi ritorti, purche i nodi non ſieno distaãti l’uno dall’altro piu di due piedi, queſte mataſſe, ò crati
              <lb/>
            cule ſiano fitte à gli Aſſeri, con pironi di legno, che Spathelle, ò Cortelli ſi chiamano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15670" xml:space="preserve">Quanto ueramente alla parte di ſotto ſi richiede, cioè
              <lb/>
            ſotto il cielo, è darui la ſmaltatura di calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15671" xml:space="preserve">d’arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15672" xml:space="preserve">coſi di mano in mano coprire, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15673" xml:space="preserve">d’arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15674" xml:space="preserve">di marmo piſto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15675" xml:space="preserve">Finalmente polito,
              <lb/>
            e biancheggiato il uolto, ſi deono far le cornici d’intorno ſottilisſime, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15676" xml:space="preserve">quanto ſi puo leggieri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15677" xml:space="preserve">picciole, imperoche, ſe fuſſero grandi por
              <lb/>
            terebbe pericolo, che per lo peſo non ſi ſtaccaſſero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15678" xml:space="preserve">pero biſogna auuertire di non farle digeſſo, ma di marmo criuellato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15679" xml:space="preserve">dato egual-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0196-04" xlink:href="note-0196-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            mente di un tenore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15680" xml:space="preserve">d’una groſſezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15681" xml:space="preserve">accioche ancho egualmente ſi ſecchi, perche quando una parte preueniſſe l’altra, non
              <lb/>
            egualmente ſi ſeccherebbeno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15682" xml:space="preserve">La leggierezza loro difende ancho gli habitanti dal pericolo, perche le coruici grandi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15683" xml:space="preserve">larghe ſi poſſo-
              <lb/>
            no per qualche accidente ſtaccare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15684" xml:space="preserve">cader adoſſo, à chi ſta nelle camere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15685" xml:space="preserve">Delle Cornici altre ſi faceuano ſchiette, altre lauorate, le ſchiette
              <lb/>
            ſtan bene in luoghi doue è fumo, lumi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15686" xml:space="preserve">polue, accioche meglio ſi posſino far nette. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15687" xml:space="preserve">Le lauorate à fogliami, ò à figure ſtan bene nelle ſtan-
              <lb/>
            ze della state, perche iui non ui è fumo, ne lume, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15688" xml:space="preserve">è coſa incredibile quanto il fumo delle alte stanze nuoca, benche lontane, tanta è la ſoperbia
              <lb/>
            della bianchezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15689" xml:space="preserve">Fatte le Cornici, e adornato il cielo, e neceſſario ancho adornare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15690" xml:space="preserve">biancheggiar il muro della stanza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15691" xml:space="preserve">apparecchiar-
              <lb/>
            lo alle pitture, però al parete ſi dara prima una groſſa ſmaltatura, ſopra laquale poi, che cominciera à ſeccare, biſogna darle una ſmaltatura
              <lb/>
            di calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15692" xml:space="preserve">di arena fatta ſecondo quel compartimento, che ſi uorra per dipignere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15693" xml:space="preserve">ſian l’altezze del parete à piombo, le longhezze à linea,
              <lb/>
            gli anguli à ſquadra, come ueramente ſi troua i muri de mill’anni, e piu fatti tanto eguali, che una riga tocca per tutto, tanto ſodi, che per tauo
              <lb/>
            le ſi poſſono uſare quelle intonicature e ſcorze, tanto fini, che polite con un panno riſplendono come ſpecchi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15694" xml:space="preserve">queſto naſceua perche dauano
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0196-05" xlink:href="note-0196-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            piu croſte à i pareti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15695" xml:space="preserve">uſauano infinita diligenza, dando la ſeguente ſcorza prima, che la precedente fuſſe à fatto ſecca, era la materia ben
              <lb/>
            macerata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15696" xml:space="preserve">preparata molto tempo prima, che ſi metteſſe in opera, di qui naſceua, che i colori delle pitture non ſolo riſplendeuano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15697" xml:space="preserve">era-
              <lb/>
            no uaghi, ma ancho durauano eternamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15698" xml:space="preserve">s’incorporauano con quella intonicatura, ilche non auuenirebbe quando ſi deſſe una ſola mano
              <lb/>
            di arenato, et una digranito. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15699" xml:space="preserve">Ma perche ſpeſſo, ò per necesſita, ò per non caricare tanto le fabriche, ſi ſogliono fare i pareti di Craticci, iquali
              <lb/>
            per molti riſpetti poſſono eſſer diffettoſi, pero Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15700" xml:space="preserve">ci da iprecetti ancho di farli meglio, che ſi puo, accioche durino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15701" xml:space="preserve">non facciano fiſſu-
              <lb/>
            re. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15702" xml:space="preserve">Il tutto è facile, pero paſſaremo ad altro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15703" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div524" type="section" level="1" n="82">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head82" xml:space="preserve">CAP. IIII. DELLE POLITVRE, NE I
            <lb/>
          LVOGHI HVMIDI.</head>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15704" xml:space="preserve">IO HO detto con che ragioni ſi fanno le coperte ne i luoghi aſciutti, hora io eſponero in che mo-
              <lb/>
            do, accioche durino far ſi conuegna le politezze, ne i luoghi humidi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15705" xml:space="preserve">prima ne i Conclaui, che ſe
              <lb/>
            ranno à pe piano cerca tre piedi alto dal pauimento in luogo di arenato ſi dia la teſtola, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15706" xml:space="preserve">ſgroſſato
              <lb/>
            accioche le parti di quelle coperte non ſian guaſte dall’humore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15707" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe egli ſi trouerà alcuno pare-
              <lb/>
            te, che per tutto ſia offeſo dall’humore, biſogna allontanarſi alquanto da quello, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15708" xml:space="preserve">farne un’altro
              <lb/>
            tanto diſtante, quanto parera conuenire alla coſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15709" xml:space="preserve">tra due pareti ſia tirato un canale piu baſſo
              <lb/>
            del piano del Conclaue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15710" xml:space="preserve">queſto canale sbocche in qualche luogo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15711" xml:space="preserve">poi che egli ſera fatto alquanto alto laſciati ui
              <lb/>
            ſiano gli ſpiracoli, perche ſe l’humore non uſcira per la bocca, ma uſcira, ò di ſotto, ò di ſopra, ſi ſpargera nella mu-
              <lb/>
            ratura noua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15712" xml:space="preserve">Fatte queſte coſe ſi dia lo primo ſgroſſamento al parete di teſtola, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15713" xml:space="preserve">poi drizzato, e ſpianato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15714" xml:space="preserve">poli-
              <lb/>
            to ſia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15715" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe’l luogo non patira, che ſi faccia l’altra muratura, facianſi pure i canali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15716" xml:space="preserve">le bocche loro eſchino in loco
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0196-07" xlink:href="note-0196-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            aperto, dapoi da una parte ſopra il margine del canale imponganſi tegole di due piedi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15717" xml:space="preserve">dall’altra ſi drizzino i pila-
              <lb/>
            ſtrelli di quadrelletti di ott’oncie, ne iquali poſſan ſedere gli anguli di due tegole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15718" xml:space="preserve">coſi quelli pilaſtri ſiano tanto
              <lb/>
            diſtanti dal parete, che non pasſino un palmo, dapoi dal baſſo del parete in ſino alla cima ſian fitte dritte le tegole
              <lb/>
            oncinate, alle parti di dentro dellequali con diligenza ſia data la pece, accioche ſca cciano da ſe il liquore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15719" xml:space="preserve">coſi di
              <lb/>
            ſotto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15720" xml:space="preserve">ſopra il uolto habbiano i loro ſpiracoli. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15721" xml:space="preserve">Allhora poi ſian biancheggiate con calce liquida in acqua, accio
              <lb/>
            non rifiuteno la ſmaltatura, e croſta de teſtola, perche per l’aridita preſa nelle fornaci, non poſſono riceuere la </s>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
Impressum