Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18386" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="210" file="0220" n="229" rhead="LIBRO"/>
            coli alla punta del ſtile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18387" xml:space="preserve">continuando quelle linee rappreſentauano l’ombre ſin ſul piano proportionando l’ombre con lo ſtile, et coſi di gior
              <lb/>
            no in giorno ſul mezzo di prendeuano l’altezza del Sole, che dal tempo della bruma al tempo della ſtate ogni giorno piu ſi in’alzaua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18388" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            coſi concludendo l’altezza del Sole meridiana, ne faceuano nel piano la deſcrittione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18389" xml:space="preserve">il diſegno moſtrando gli eſſetti del Cielo nella terra,
              <lb/>
            queſta diſsegnatione era detta Analemma, che è come un ripigliamento del corſo del Sole per ſormarne gli horologi, ſecondo la diuerſità de i
              <lb/>
            paeſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18390" xml:space="preserve">perche nella diſſinitione della A nalemma Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18391" xml:space="preserve">ha detto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18392" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18393" xml:space="preserve">E ſtato nel mondo ritrouato l’eſſetto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18394" xml:space="preserve">#Però per queſta occaſione egli dichiara, che coſa è mondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18395" xml:space="preserve">dicè.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18396" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18397" xml:space="preserve">Mondo è un grandisſimo concetto della natura di tutte le coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18398" xml:space="preserve">il Cielo di Stelle figurato.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18399" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18400" xml:space="preserve">Due coſe abbraccia il mondo, la prima è il cielo, la ſeconda è tutto quello, che dal Cielo è compreſo, la doue i moderni nella diuiſione della Sſera
              <lb/>
            hanno detto la regione elementare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18401" xml:space="preserve">la celeſte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18402" xml:space="preserve">Era neceſſario porui il Cielo, perche in eſſo poſti ſono i corpi luminoſi, i raggi de iquali fan-
              <lb/>
            no gli eſſetti nel mondo, il mondo adunque è un grandißimo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18403" xml:space="preserve">ſommo concetto di tutte le coſe, perche è corpo perſetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18404" xml:space="preserve">quella coſa è perſet
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0220-01" xlink:href="note-0220-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            ta, à cui niente manca, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18405" xml:space="preserve">niente ſe le puo aggiugnere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18406" xml:space="preserve">Al mondo adunque perche è fatto di tutta la materia, perche abbraccia ogni coſa,
              <lb/>
            perche ha principio mezzo, è fine, perche contiene, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18407" xml:space="preserve">non è contenuto, ſi conuiene il nome di perſetto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18408" xml:space="preserve">ilche Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18409" xml:space="preserve">gli attribuiſce dicendo con
              <lb/>
            ceptio ſumma, perche ſe è ſomma oltra di eſſo non ſi troua coſa, in eſſo il tutto ſi cõprende. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18410" xml:space="preserve">E adunque il mondo un grandißimo abbracciamen
              <lb/>
            to di tutte le nature, ſi di quelle, che ſono atti à riceuere, et patire qualche impreßione come ſono gli elementi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18411" xml:space="preserve">i miſti perfetti, et imperſetti
              <lb/>
            ſi di quelle, che hanno uirtu di operare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18412" xml:space="preserve">di influire, come ſono i corpi celeſti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18413" xml:space="preserve">queſte nature ſono una dentro l’altra, accioche queſta cera
              <lb/>
            mondana poſſa meglio eſſer formata dalle forme celesti, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18414" xml:space="preserve">dice Cielo di ſtelle figurato, delquale egli ragionando dice.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18415" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18416" xml:space="preserve">Queſto Cielo cõtinuamẽte ſi uolge d’intorno la terra, e il mare per gli ultimi cardini del ſuo perno, che aſſe è nominato.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18417" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18418" xml:space="preserve">Laſcia Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18419" xml:space="preserve">la prima parte della diffinitione, perche non fa al ſuo propoſito, è tratta della ſeconda, che è Cielo, dice adunque in poche parole mol
              <lb/>
            te coſe, che ſi dichiareranno à poco à poco. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18420" xml:space="preserve">Che il Cielo ſi moua egli è al ſenſo maniſi ſto per la mutatione del luogo, che fanno i corpi celeſti,
              <lb/>
            che mai non ſi ferma, ilche è ancho notißimo, che’l mouimento ſuo è circolare, d’intorno il mare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18421" xml:space="preserve">la terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18422" xml:space="preserve">che ſi uolge ſopra un perno
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0220-02" xlink:href="note-0220-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            ne i ſuoi cardini, et queſte due coſe ſi ſan note ꝑ molte et euidenti ragioni, perche ſe il Cielo abbr accia ogni coſa, ogni luogo, ogni ſpacio, ſe altri
              <lb/>
            mẽti ſi moueſſe, che in giro ò nõ fuſſe circolare, certo laſcierebbe fuori di ſe, ò ſpacio, ò uoto, ilche non è ragioneuole, oltra di queſto molti altri ſo
              <lb/>
            no gli accidenti, per liquali noi uenimo in cognitione, che il Cielo ſi giri à tondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18423" xml:space="preserve">che ſia di figura al ſuo mouimento, de iquali ne ſono
              <lb/>
            pieni i uolumi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18424" xml:space="preserve">ſe ne ſanno eſperienze con gli strumenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18425" xml:space="preserve">perche noi uedemo un continuo mouimento per un uerſo, però ſe imaginamo due
              <lb/>
            ſtabilißimi punti uno all’oppoſto dell’altro per diametro, da iquali imaginamo, che paßi per lo centro del mondo una linea, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18426" xml:space="preserve">quelli punti car-
              <lb/>
            dini ſono detti, perche quaſi come ſopra i ſuoi cardini il Cielo in quelli ſi uolge, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18427" xml:space="preserve">quella linea chiamano aſſe ò perno, i cui estremi ſono i cardi
              <lb/>
            ni, ò poli del mondo, Ma cioche di punti, di linee, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18428" xml:space="preserve">di circoli nel Cielo ſi dice, tutto é detto per maggior dichiaratione, et nõ che uer amente nel
              <lb/>
            Cielo ſi trouino tai coſe, come uogliono alcuni, che ne i Poli ſia la uirtu di mouere, ilche riſiuta Arist. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18429" xml:space="preserve">nel lib. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18430" xml:space="preserve">del mouimento de gli animali, ar-
              <lb/>
            gomentando, che queſto non puo eſſer eſſendo i Poli ſenza grandezza alcuna, anzi punti indiuiſibili, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18431" xml:space="preserve">forſe da quello potemo correggere
              <lb/>
            quello, che diche Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18432" xml:space="preserve">ilquale però come Architetto ſi dice ſcuſare.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18433" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18434" xml:space="preserve">Perche in tali luoghi la uirtu della natura coſi ha, come Architetto ſabricato & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18435" xml:space="preserve">ha ſitto i cardini come cẽtri uno in que-
              <lb/>
            ſto mondo di ſopra del mare & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18436" xml:space="preserve">della terra, l’altro di la al cõtrario ſotterra nelle parti meridiane, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18437" xml:space="preserve">iui d’intorno à que
              <lb/>
            cardini, come d’intorno à centri, ha fatto le rotelle come à torno, lequali ſono Poli da i Greci nominati, per lequali
              <lb/>
            eternamente con uelocisſimo corſo il Cielo ſi gira, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18438" xml:space="preserve">coſi la terra col mare nel mezzo in luogo di centro è ſtata natu
              <lb/>
            ralmente collocata.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18439" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18440" xml:space="preserve">Due ſono i Poli, è Cardini, iquali diametralmente nel mondo oppoſti ſono, ma che uno ſia di ſopra, l’altro di ſotto non ê, ſe non per riſpetto à gli
              <lb/>
            habitanti della terra, però biſogna intendere che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18441" xml:space="preserve">doueua dire à queſto modo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18442" xml:space="preserve">caſo, che egli non lo dica, come ſi può uedere dicendo e-
              <lb/>
            gli, che la natura coſi gli ha poſti, che uno ſia ſopra, l’altro di ſotto, è neceſſario, che noi intendiamo drittamente, perche quelli, che ſtanno nel
              <lb/>
            mezzo del mondo egualmente diſtanti da un Polo all’altro, non ne hanno un piu eleuato dell’altro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18443" xml:space="preserve">Similmente quelli, che ſtanno di la dal mez-
              <lb/>
            zo hanno il loro Polo eleuato, che à noi habit anti di qua dal mezzo è depreſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18444" xml:space="preserve">il noſtro à loro è meridiano ſi come il loro à noi, però que-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0220-04" xlink:href="note-0220-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            ſto ſito ſi deue intendere in riſpetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18445" xml:space="preserve">non aſſolutamente, perche ſi come dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18446" xml:space="preserve">la terra col mare nel mezzo in luogo di centro è ſtata na
              <lb/>
            turalmente collocata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18447" xml:space="preserve">Certo è che in alcune parti un Polo ſer à eleuato, in altro ſer à depreſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18448" xml:space="preserve">in alcuni l’uno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18449" xml:space="preserve">l’altro ſerà egualmente
              <lb/>
            nel piano dell’Orizonte, la doue eſſendo concluſo da tutti gli Aſtronomi, che ſtando l’buomo in qual ſi uoglia ſito ſopra la terra, ſempre il ſuo
              <lb/>
            Orizonte diuide il Cielo in due parti eguali, è tutti gli strumenti in ſomma, che ſi uſano, uſanſi in modo, come ſe l’huomo fuſſe nel centro del
              <lb/>
            la terra, è neceſſario à concludere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18450" xml:space="preserve">che la terra ſia à guiſa di centro nel mezzo del mondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18451" xml:space="preserve">che egualmente ſia partito quello, che ſi ue-
              <lb/>
            de, da quello, che non ſi uede con la ſoperficie dell’Orizonte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18452" xml:space="preserve">Hauendo noi adunque due punti come termini fißi, ſopra iquali il mondo ſi gira,
              <lb/>
            ſeguita Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18453" xml:space="preserve">à deſcriuere il Cielo con altri ſegni.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18454" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18455" xml:space="preserve">Eſſendo queſte coſe dalla natura diſpoſte in modo, che dalla parte Settentrionale il Cielo habbia il centro piu eleuato da
              <lb/>
            terra con l’altezza ſua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18456" xml:space="preserve">nella parte del mezzo di ſottopoſto a i luoghi inferiori ſia dalla terra oſcurato, indi attrauer
              <lb/>
            ſo per mezzo il mondo euui formata una Zona à guiſa di circolo, è cinta con dodici ſegni piegata alla parte del merig
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0220-05" xlink:href="note-0220-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            gie, laqual forma di ſegni, con certa diſpoſitione di ſtelle agguagliandone dodici parti ci da eſpreſſa la figuratione,
              <lb/>
            che iui la natura depinſe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18457" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18458" xml:space="preserve">Volendo Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18459" xml:space="preserve">con breuità eſprimere molte coſe diuenta alquanto oſcuro per la durezza del dire. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18460" xml:space="preserve">Vedendo noi il certo è continuo uolgimento del
              <lb/>
            Cielo da Leuante à Ponente, trouato hauemo, i due Poli & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18461" xml:space="preserve">il Perno in certi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18462" xml:space="preserve">determinati luoghi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18463" xml:space="preserve">Cõſiderando poi il mouimẽto, che fa il Sole
              <lb/>
            in un’anno, et à che hora naſce in una parte dell’Orizonte, et da un uẽto, hora da un’altra, et che hora ſulmezzo di s’auicina piu al punto che ci
              <lb/>
            ſopraſtà, hora è piu baſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18464" xml:space="preserve">che uaria i giorni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18465" xml:space="preserve">le notti egualmente, ſapemo che per queſte coſe gli antichi hãno trouato la uia del Sole, per
              <lb/>
            laquale andando egli di giorno in giorno ſaceua tutta quella ſenſibile mutatione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18466" xml:space="preserve">Similmente auuertendo il corſo de gli altri pianeti ſeguitare la
              <lb/>
            uia del Sole, ma non coſi egualmente stargli appreſſo, diedero nome a quella uia, per laquale il Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18467" xml:space="preserve">gli altri pianeti paſſauano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18468" xml:space="preserve">la chiamo
              <lb/>
            rono cinta ò zona, perche ſi come una cinta cignendo non ſolo s’aggira con una ſemplice linea, ma tiene larghezza, coſi la uia de pianeti è sta-
              <lb/>
            ta imaginata larga, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18469" xml:space="preserve">circolare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18470" xml:space="preserve">è ſtata conoſciuta piegare da una parte ad un Polo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18471" xml:space="preserve">dall’altra, et abbracciare tutto il Cielo, cioè
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0220-06" xlink:href="note-0220-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            eſſer uno de i circoli maggiori, in quella ancho ſono ſtate conoſciute alcune cõpagnie di ſtelle, allequali è ſtato impoſto il nome di ſegni, et perche
              <lb/>
            ſono dodici, però dodici ſegni, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18472" xml:space="preserve">chiama dodici parti pareggiate, perche ſono di trenta gradi ciaſcuna, la uia de i pianeti, è ſtata chiamata
              <lb/>
            Zodiaco da i ſegni che in eſſa ſono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18473" xml:space="preserve">La uia del Sole, è ſtata detta ecclittica, perche ſopra eſſa stando il Sole, et la Luna in certe diſtãze ſi fanno gli
              <lb/>
            eclipſi, è mãcamẽti loro, Ha larghezza il Zodiaco, perche il corſo di pianeti la richiede, et ſi come ogni circolo celeste è imaginato eſſer diuiſo in
              <lb/>
            360 parte, che gradi ſi chiamano, coſi ancho il Zodiaco nella ſua circonſerenza è diuiſo in 360 parti, la uia del Sole detta eclittiea, è nel mezzo,
              <lb/>
            ma le linee che ſono gli eſtremi della larghezza del Zodiaco ſono diſtanti dalla eclittica, che sta nel mezzo gradi ſei in modo, che ſei gradi di qua
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18474" xml:space="preserve">ſei di là dalla eclittica fanno dodici gradi di larghezza, oltra queſta larghezza non caminano i pianeti, benche Venere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18475" xml:space="preserve">Marte, per la
              <lb/>
            grãdezza de i loro Epicicli, come dicono i contẽplatiui, poi eſchino ſuori, ma questo però di raro auuiene, ilche ſorſe ha dato luogo alla fauola
              <lb/>
            di Venere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18476" xml:space="preserve">di Marte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18477" xml:space="preserve">Chiamaſi ii Zodiaco circolo obliquo, perche non aſcende, edeſcende regolarmente ſecondo le ſue parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18478" xml:space="preserve">perche
              <lb/>
            con tutte le parti ſue non è da i Poli del mondo egualmẽte distãte, oltra che non taglia con dritti, è giusti anguli gli altri cerchi celeſti, ma quello
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0220-07" xlink:href="note-0220-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            che dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18479" xml:space="preserve">Eſſendo queſte coſe coſi dalla natura diſpoſte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18480" xml:space="preserve">Questo non è per natura, ma per riſpetto de gli Orizonte, che ſi muta
              <lb/>
            no ſecõdo i ſiti, benche per natura ſia il Cielo in que due pũti, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18481" xml:space="preserve">chiama centri, fermato. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18482" xml:space="preserve">Euui una Zona. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18483" xml:space="preserve">Le cui conditioni ſono pri
              <lb/>
            ma che è larga, dapoi attr auerſata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18484" xml:space="preserve">inclinata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18485" xml:space="preserve">Di dodici ſegni ſormata, benche la natura habbia fatto quelle ſtelle, però gli oſſeruatori le han
              <lb/>
            no coſi compartite, ma altre cauſe hanno que ſegni come dicono gli A stronomi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18486" xml:space="preserve">Dodici ſono i ſegni attribuiti à ciaſcuno de i meſi, però dodici
              <lb/>
            ſono i meſi, tengono trenta gradi per uno, però l’anno è denominato da 360 giorni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18487" xml:space="preserve">di quel piu, che il Sole auanza col ſuo mouimento con-
              <lb/>
            trario al mouimento del primo Cielo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18488" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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