Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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          <pb o="236" file="0246" n="255" rhead="LIBRO"/>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20112" xml:space="preserve">La Scapha, ò uero l’Hemiſpero trouò Ariſtarcho Samio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20113" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20114" xml:space="preserve">Queſto Horologio ſi fa ancho piu ſacilmente. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20115" xml:space="preserve">egli ſi caua con gran diligenza una mezza palla giuſta, nellaquale egli ſi ha à diſſegnar l’Horo-
              <lb/>
            logio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20116" xml:space="preserve">l’orlo di eſſa ſi diuide in 4 parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20117" xml:space="preserve">una di quelle in 90, prima in tre, poi ciaſcuna in tre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20118" xml:space="preserve">ciaſcuna delle tre in due, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20119" xml:space="preserve">ciaſcuna del
              <lb/>
            le due in cinque, egli poi ſi allarga la ſeſta una di quelle quarte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20120" xml:space="preserve">ſi pone il piedi della ſeſta in una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20121" xml:space="preserve">ſi fa nella concauita uno mezzo cir-
              <lb/>
            colo, che comincia dal punto della uicina quarta alla destra, paſſa per lo centro nel fondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20122" xml:space="preserve">peruiene alla ſinistra ſull’orlo alla parte opposta,
              <lb/>
            questa circonferenza rappreſenta la linea Meridiana. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20123" xml:space="preserve">Stando poi la ſeſta coſi allargata, ſi pone un piede d’eſſa ſu l’orlo al punto della quar-
              <lb/>
            ta uicina, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20124" xml:space="preserve">ſi tira per la cõcauita all’altra parte oppoſta un’altro Semicircolo, di modo che egli ſi incroccia col primo nel ſondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20125" xml:space="preserve">questi
              <lb/>
            duo archi partiſcono l’Hemiſpero in quattro parti eguali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20126" xml:space="preserve">ſi come il primo giro rappreſſentaua il Meridiano, coſi queſto rappreſenta dal
              <lb/>
            Leuante al Ponente un Semicircolo uerticale, egli dapoi ſi numera ſopra l’orlo la eleuatione del Polo di Roma facendo l’Horologio per Roma,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20127" xml:space="preserve">dal principio della quarta ſull’orlo partita con un’altra ſeſta ſi piglia dal punto di quella Eleuatione lo ſpacio, che auanza ſin al compimento
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0246-01" xlink:href="note-0246-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            della quarta, dall’orlo per la concauità ſi ripporta ſul meridiano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20128" xml:space="preserve">iui fatto il centro, ſi piglia la ſesta prima coſi larga come era, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20129" xml:space="preserve">forma-
              <lb/>
            to l’un piede ſopra il detto punto ſi fa un Semicircolo, ilquale rappreſenta la metà dell’Equinottiale, queſti deue toccare à punto i punti del
              <lb/>
            Leuante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20130" xml:space="preserve">del Ponente, cioe le eſtremità del Semicircolo uerticale ſu l’orlo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20131" xml:space="preserve">paſſar per lo Meridiano, poſta giu la ſeſta coſi allargata, ſi
              <lb/>
            piglier anno 23 gradi è mezzo ſopra la quarta gia diuiſa, e quello ſpacio ſi ripportera di ſotto e di ſopra di quel punto, doue l’Equinottiale ta-
              <lb/>
            glia il Meridiano, che tanto è la declinatione del Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20132" xml:space="preserve">posto l’un piede nel centro dell’ Equinottiale, egli ſi allarga ſin all’uno de i punti ſegna
              <lb/>
            ti alla parte oppoſta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20133" xml:space="preserve">ſi ſa un’arco che dall’orlo della mezza palla, per lo Meridiano paſſa nella concauita all’ altr a parte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20134" xml:space="preserve">il ſimile ſi fa
              <lb/>
            con l’altro punto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20135" xml:space="preserve">quello arco che è di ſotto dal punto Equinottiale, è l’arco del Soleſtitio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20136" xml:space="preserve">quello che è di ſopra è lo arco della Bruma,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20137" xml:space="preserve">coſi hauemo tre archi due eſtremi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20138" xml:space="preserve">uno di mezzo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20139" xml:space="preserve">nella concauità lo Analemma uiene da ſe, perche la forma rappreſenta il giuſto.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20140" xml:space="preserve">Similmente ſi faranno gli altri archi pigliando la declinatione del Sole di ciaſcun ſegno, quella del Toro di gradi 11, è mezzo, quella de Ge-
              <lb/>
            melli di gradi 20 minuti 12. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20141" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20142" xml:space="preserve">coſi il fine del Toro nel ritorno è il principio di Leone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20143" xml:space="preserve">il principio del Toro è il fine di Leone, è il princi-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0246-02" xlink:href="note-0246-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            pio di Vergine, il fine di Vergine, è il principio della Bilancia, il fine della Bilancia, è il principio dello Scorpione, il fine dello Scorpione, è
              <lb/>
            il principio del Sagittario, ilqual termina nell’arco della Bruma, doue comincia il Capricorno, il cui termine è principio dello A cquario, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20144" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            il fine di Acquario, è principio de Peſci, i quali terminano nella linea dello Equinottiale. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20145" xml:space="preserve">Diſſegnate queſti Paralelli di ſegni da uno iſteſſo cen
              <lb/>
            tro, ſi parte l’arco Equinottiale in dodici parti equale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20146" xml:space="preserve">coſi l’arco eſtiuo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20147" xml:space="preserve">l’arco Brumale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20148" xml:space="preserve">con la ſeſta allargata ſi congiugnono i pun
              <lb/>
            ti eſtremi con archi tirati, che paſſano per li punti Equinottiali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20149" xml:space="preserve">coſi è diſſegnato l’Hemiſpero, ilquale ſi deue collocare all’ uſo con la ſua li-
              <lb/>
            nea Meridiana al Meriggie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20150" xml:space="preserve">la parte ſegnata eſſer deue oppoſta al Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20151" xml:space="preserve">nel Polo oppoſito ſopra il Meridiano deue eſſer lo stile longo co
              <lb/>
            me è la metà del Diametro d’uno di que circoli maggiori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20152" xml:space="preserve">la ſua punta deue eſſer di mezzo tra i punti del Leuante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20153" xml:space="preserve">del Ponente à liuel-
              <lb/>
            lo dell’Orizonte, cioè la doue chi tiraſſe da i quattro principij delle quarte i fili s’incrocciarebbero nel mezzo ſopra il tondo del Vaſo, con la
              <lb/>
            iſteſſa apritura della ſeſta allargata ſi ſegnano le altre hore, prima le 12 diuiſioni ſopra l’Equinottiale ſtãno ſempre ſerme, in ogni ſorte di ho-
              <lb/>
            re ma gli archi Tropici ſi partiſcono in tante parti, quante ſono le hore de i loro giorni, à Roma il maggior di ė 15 hore, l’arco della ſtate ſi
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0246-03" xlink:href="note-0246-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            partira in 15 parti, il minor dî e di hore noue, l’arco del Verno ſi partira in noue parti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20154" xml:space="preserve">coſi con gli archi delle hore ſi legheranno 9 pun-
              <lb/>
            ti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20155" xml:space="preserve">ſi ſegneranno le hore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20156" xml:space="preserve">lo iſteſſo modo ſi far @ nella curua ſoperficie d’una palla, benche in queſto caſo, io ui ueda una difficultà di por-
              <lb/>
            re lo stile, perche per la ritondezza, non puo lo ſtile gettar l’ombre per tutto ſia quanto grande ſi uoglia, pero l’uſo di queſti Horologi è de-
              <lb/>
            bile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20157" xml:space="preserve">fatto per istima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20158" xml:space="preserve">non per dimoſtratione, queſto rappreſenta la circonſerenza conueſſa dello Hemiſpero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20159" xml:space="preserve">queste coſe ſon note à
              <lb/>
            chi intende bene la sfera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20160" xml:space="preserve">fu ritrouato dal medeſimo Ariſtarco Samio come dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20161" xml:space="preserve">dicendo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20162" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20163" xml:space="preserve">Il mede ſimo ritrouò il Diſco nel piano.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20164" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20165" xml:space="preserve">Per fare commodamente queſti Horologi biſogna hauere una ſesta con i piedi incuruati in entro, percioche meglio abbraccia la ritondezza.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20166" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20167" xml:space="preserve">L’Aragna trouò Eudoxo Aftronomo, alcuni dicono Apollonio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20168" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20169" xml:space="preserve">Gli Horologi, che ſi ch@amano con queſti nomi, che rappreſentano alcune coſe ò naturali, ò arteficiali come ė l’Aragna, il zocco, la naue, la
              <lb/>
            foglia, i Torqueti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20170" xml:space="preserve">molte altre maniere ſecondo lequali noi hauemo fatto diuerſi Horologi in forma di uccelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20171" xml:space="preserve">d’altri animali, ſi fanno
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0246-04" xlink:href="note-0246-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            con le ragioni dell’ Eleuatione del Sole, della proportione dell’ombre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20172" xml:space="preserve">de gli archi Orizontali, di queſti Horologi gli Analemmi ſono al uol-
              <lb/>
            go naſcoſi, ſi come ſono aſcoſe le ruote, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20173" xml:space="preserve">i contrapeſi de gli ſtrumenti, ma ſolo ſiuede lo effetto di fuora merauiglioſo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20174" xml:space="preserve">Però l’Aragna po-
              <lb/>
            teua eſſer uno Horologio, che haueſſe le linee dell’hore attrauerſate dai circoli, che dimostraſſero l’altezze del Sole, ſecondo la longhezza del-
              <lb/>
            l’ombra ò l’altezza del Gnomone, la cui forma e poſta nell’ Hemiſpero del Roias.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20175" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20176" xml:space="preserve">Il Plintho, ò uero il Lacunare, che è ancho nel circo Flamminio Scopa Siracuſano.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20177" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20178" xml:space="preserve">Il Plintho era un zocco, ò tronco, nelqual ſi poteua in diuerſe faccie fare diuerſi Horologi, de i quali ne daremo i precetti poi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20179" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20180" xml:space="preserve">Parmenione fece gli Horologi ſecondo le relationi delle hiſtorie.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20181" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20182" xml:space="preserve">Credo io, che Parmenione ſecondo le eleuationi del Polo in diuerſi paeſi hauute per relatione de ſcrittori accommodaſſe gli Horologi, la do-
              <lb/>
            ue ancho.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20183" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20184" xml:space="preserve">Ad ogni clima Theodoſio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20185" xml:space="preserve">Andrea fecero gli Horologi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20186" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20187" xml:space="preserve">Quelli che erano fermi ſi faceuano ſecondo la eleuatione dello Equinottiale, percioche ogni Horologio fatto nella ſoperficie Equinottiale e parti-
              <lb/>
            to in 24 parti eguali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20188" xml:space="preserve">ſi uſa alzando quella ſoperficìe ſecondo, che ſi leua lo Equinottiale ſopra l’Orizonte nel paeſe, doue egli ſi uole uſare,
              <lb/>
            uoltandolo al mezzodi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20189" xml:space="preserve">Fannoſi ancho Horologi per ogni clima, che ſi uoltano ſecodo il corſo del Sole, come è quello di Gioanni Stabio,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20190" xml:space="preserve">quello di Pietro Appiano, lo Analemma di quelli e lo iſteſſo di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20191" xml:space="preserve">con alcune aggiunte fatte dal Mustero, da Orontio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20192" xml:space="preserve">da altri, ma ė
              <lb/>
            coſa antica.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20193" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20194" xml:space="preserve">Patrocle trouò il Pelecino, Dioniſoporo il Cono, Apollonio la Faretra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20195" xml:space="preserve">altre ſorti trouarono, gli ſopraſcritti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20196" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            altri, come è il Gonarche, l’Engonato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20197" xml:space="preserve">lo Antiboreo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20198" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20199" xml:space="preserve">Pelecino è detto dalla forma di Secure, che io crederei, che fuſſer o gli horologi, che hanno ſegnati i paralelli de i ſegni, come ſi uedra poi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20200" xml:space="preserve">il Cono
              <lb/>
            è formato da una regola, che ſi parte dal centro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20201" xml:space="preserve">ſi ſtende nello Hemiſphero di ſotto fino alle estreme declinationi de i Tropici, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20202" xml:space="preserve">le eſtremi
              <lb/>
            tà di eſſo non terminano in alcuna oppoſta ſuperficie, può ancho eſſer il Trigono zodiaco deſcritto dal Munſtero. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20203" xml:space="preserve">Ma quello, che dice Vitr.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20204" xml:space="preserve">
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0246-06" xlink:href="note-0246-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            Gonarche, Engonaton, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20205" xml:space="preserve">Antiboreo, penſo io, che fuſſero horologi, che haueuano riſpetto à qualche ſegno celeſte, ò uero alle parti del Cie-
              <lb/>
            lo, ò uero alla notte, che tutti pero ſi pigliauano da i loro Analemmi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20206" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20207" xml:space="preserve">Et coſi dalle maniere predette molti laſciarono ſcritto, come ſi haueſſero à formare gli Hrologi da uiaggio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20208" xml:space="preserve">che ſtan-
              <lb/>
            no appeſi, da i libri de i quali s’alcuno uorrà, purche egli ſi ſappia la deſcrittione de gli Analemmi potra ritrouar-
              <lb/>
            ne i diſſegni.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20209" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20210" xml:space="preserve">L’Horologio, che Compaſſo ſi chiama, e di quelli che portan ſeco i uiandanti, Gli Anelli, Cilindri, i quadranti, i circoli piani ſono di quelli, che
              <lb/>
            ſtanno appeſi, de iquali ne ſono pieni i libri de gli Horologigraphi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20211" xml:space="preserve">Et coſi fa fine Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20212" xml:space="preserve">alla materia de gli Horologi da Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20213" xml:space="preserve">eſpone gli
              <lb/>
            inuentori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20214" xml:space="preserve">le forme de gli horologi d’altra maniera. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20215" xml:space="preserve">Noi di piu hauemo gli horologi da ruote, ò pennole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20216" xml:space="preserve">quelli d’Arena, che ſono mir abi
              <lb/>
            li quelli per lo ingegno dello Artiſicio, queſti per la commodità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20217" xml:space="preserve">facilità, ci ſono ancho horologi da fuoco, fatti con fuochi, che conſumano
              <lb/>
            ogni hora tanto di stoppino, ci ſono ancho da acqua, de i quali parla Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20218" xml:space="preserve">qui ſotto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20219" xml:space="preserve">Ma noi da capo, ſecondo che imparato hauemo, ripi-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0246-07" xlink:href="note-0246-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            gliando tutta la materia de gli horologi, eſponeremo i fondamenti di quelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20220" xml:space="preserve">gli Analemmi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20221" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20222" xml:space="preserve">Imaginamo che la linea e i dello Analemmma ſia una ſoperficie piana ſimilmente la linea a n, un’altra ſoperficie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20223" xml:space="preserve">la linea dello ſtile continuan-
              <lb/>
            do dal centro a alla circonferenza del Meridiano ſia un’altra ſuperſicie certo è che haueremo tre ſoperficie, una ci ſerue per l’Orizonte, che è
              <lb/>
            la e i. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20224" xml:space="preserve">l’altra per la ſoperſicie Equinottiale che è la a n. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20225" xml:space="preserve">La terza per la ſoperficie uerticale, cioe per un muro dritto ſopra l’Orizonte, ecco
              <lb/>
            che queſte tre ſoperficie concorrono nel punto a. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20226" xml:space="preserve">ilquale ſe imaginamo che ſia una linea toccata da tutte tre quelle ſoperficie, imaginamo poi,
              <lb/>
            che dodici linee circolari concorrendo tutto in due punti come Poli partiſchino tutte queſte circonſerenze in 24 parti, io dico, che </s>
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