Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

Table of figures

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[81] ArmonicoChromatico molleChromatico non languid@Diatonico molle.Molle intentoEgualeSintonoDiatonico. 92 216 1{1/4} 69 345 1{1/23} 15 360 1{1/45} 8 368 70 210 1{1/15} 42 252 1{1/14} 18 270 1{1/27} 10 280 22 66 1{1/6} 11 77 1{1/11} 7 84 1{1/21} 4 88 21 63 1{1/7} 9 72 1{1/9} 8 80 1{1/20} 4 84 56 168 1{1/8} 21 189 1{1/7} 27 216 1{1/27} 8 224 3 9 1{1/9} 1 10 1{1/10} 1 11 1{1/11} 5 12 24 72 1{1/9} 8 80 1{1/8} 10 90 1{1/15} 6 96 64 192 1{1/8} 24 216 1{1/8} 27 243 hem 13 2@6
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[82] VniſſonoTuono.Semituono.Ditono.Semiditono. A C B
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[83] Diat.Diat.Diateſ.Diapen.Diateſ.Diapaſon.Proslamuano-menos.Lycanos Hypa ton.Lycanos Me-ſon.Paranete ſinne menon.Paranete Die-Zeugmenon.Paranete Hy-perboleon.Meſe.Terza Regione data al Diatonico.Diat.Diat.Diateſ.Diapen.Diateſ.Diapaſon.Proslamuano-menos.Lycanos Hypa ton.Lycanos me-ſon.Paranete Sin-nemenon.Paranete Die-Zeugmenon.Paranete Hy-perboleon.Diateſ.Diapente.Diat.Diat.Diat.Diapente.Diateſ.Parameſe.Parhypate hypaton.Parhypate Meſon.Trite Sinne menon.trite Dieze ugmenon.Trite Hyper boleon.Seconda Regione Data al Chroma.Hypate Hypaton.Diateſ.Diapente.Parameſe.Parhypate Hypaton.Parhypate Meſon.Trite Sinne-menon.Trite Dieze-ugmenon.Trite Hyper boboleon.Diateſ.Diateſ.Tonus.Diat.Diateſ.Diateſſaron. Hypate meſon Meſe.Nete Synne-menonParameſe.Nete Diezeug menon.Nete Hyper-boleon.Prima Regione data all’Harmonia.DiateſDiat.Tonus.Diateſ.Diateſ.Hypate meſon. Meſe.Nete Sinneme-non.Parameſe.Nete Diazeug menon.Nete Hyperbo leon.
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[Figure 84]
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[Figure 85]
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[Figure 86]
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[Figure 87]
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[Figure 88]
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[89] C G D P O E B F
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[90] E B C D F A
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[Figure 91]
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[92] B G F A H I M M E M C
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[93] Z Y Q Q O Q Q T
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[Figure 94]
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[Figure 95]
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[Figure 96]
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[97] A
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[Figure 98]
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[99] L’Antico.Filandro.
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[Figure 100]
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[101] B il Capo della Fonte.B c la prima MiraC d la ſeconda mira drieto al monteD e la terza doue non ſi può con durreD f. la quarta doue ſi può con-durreH g f. la condutta dell’acqua. e d f c g b H
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[102] COROBATE DA LIVELLAR LE ACQVE E I PIANI.1 Regola di piedi 20.2 gli Anconi ò Braccia.3 Trauerſarij. 2 1 3 2
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[Figure 103]
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[104] a c 10 50 d 50 50 50 10 50 d b
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[105] a 5 d b c 5 7{1/14} 25
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[106] e 6 f 8 10 84 g h
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[Figure 107]
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[108] 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 3 4 5
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[109] 8 8 8 8 64 8 8 8
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[110] a g i c b f h d e
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div711" type="section" level="1" n="124">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head124" xml:space="preserve">DELLA ARCHITETTVRA
            <lb/>
          DI M. VITRVVIO.</head>
          <figure number="152">
            <image file="0263-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0263-01"/>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div712" type="section" level="1" n="125">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head125" xml:space="preserve">PROEMIO.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21188" xml:space="preserve">DICESI che in Efeſo nobile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21189" xml:space="preserve">ampia città di Greci è ſtata da i loro maggiori con du-
              <lb/>
            ra conditione, ma con ragione non iniqua un’antica legge ordinata: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21190" xml:space="preserve">percioche l’ Ar-
              <lb/>
            chitetto quando piglia à fare un’opera publica, promette prima quanta ſpeſa ui ha
              <lb/>
            d’ãdare, fatta la ſtima al magiſtrato ſi obbligano i ſuoi beni, fin che l’opera ſia ſinita, la-
              <lb/>
            quale fornita, quando la ſpeſa riſponde a punto à quanto s’è detto, con decreti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21191" xml:space="preserve">ho-
              <lb/>
            nori l’ Architetto uiene ornato; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21192" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21193" xml:space="preserve">ſimilmente ſe non piu del quarto ſi ſpende, quello
              <lb/>
            aggiugner ſi deue alla ſtima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21194" xml:space="preserve">ſi riſtora del publico, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21195" xml:space="preserve">egli à niuna pena, ètenuto, ma
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0263-01" xlink:href="note-0263-01a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            quando piu della quarta parte ſi ſpende, egli ſi piglia il dinaro de i ſuoi beni al forni-
              <lb/>
            mento dell’opera. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21196" xml:space="preserve">Dio uoleſle, che i dei immortali fatto haueſſero, che non ſolamente
              <lb/>
            alle publiche, ma alle priuate fabriche quella legge fuſſe ſtata al popolo Romano ordi-
              <lb/>
            nata, perche non ſenza caſtigo gli ignoranti ci aſſasſinerebbeno, ma ſolamente quegli,
              <lb/>
            che con ſottigliezza delle dottrine prudenti ſono, ſenza dubbio farebbono profesſione d’Architettura, ne i padri di
              <lb/>
            famiglia indotti ſarebbono à gettar infinite ſpeſe, perche poi da i loro beni ſcacciati foſſero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21197" xml:space="preserve">gli Architetti cõſtret
              <lb/>
            ti dal timor della pena piu diligentemente il conto della ſpeſa faceſſero, accioche i padri di famiglia, à quello, che pro-
              <lb/>
            uiſto haueſſero, ò poco piu aggiugnendo drizzaſſero la forma delle fabriche loro: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21198" xml:space="preserve">percioche colui che può prouedere
              <lb/>
            di quattrocento, ſe accreſcierà cento piu, hauendo ſperanza di condur l’opera, à compimento, con diletto, è piacere è
              <lb/>
            trattenuto: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21199" xml:space="preserve">ma chi aggrauato dalla metà della ſpeſa ò di piu, perduta la ſperanza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21200" xml:space="preserve">gettata la ſperanza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21201" xml:space="preserve">gettata la ſpeſa rotto il tutto cõ
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0263-02" xlink:href="note-0263-02a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            animo diſperato, è conſtretto à laſciar ogni coſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21202" xml:space="preserve">Ne pur queſto difetto è ne gli edifici, ma ancho ne i doni, che dal ma
              <lb/>
            giſtrato ſi danno al foro de i gladiatori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21203" xml:space="preserve">alle ſcene de giuochi, à iquali ne dimora, ne induggio ſi cõciede, ma la neceſ-
              <lb/>
            ſità con prefiſſo tempo di fornirgli conſtrigne, come ſono le ſede de gli ſpettacoli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21204" xml:space="preserve">il porui delle tẽde, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21205" xml:space="preserve">tutte quel-
              <lb/>
            le coſe, che all’uſanze della ſcena, al ueder del popolo con fattura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21206" xml:space="preserve">apparato ſi fanno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21207" xml:space="preserve">In queſte coſe ueramente bi-
              <lb/>
            ſogna hauer del buono, è penſarui ben ſopra, perche niuna di queſte coſe ſi può fare ſenza induſtria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21208" xml:space="preserve">manifattura,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21209" xml:space="preserve">ſenza uaria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21210" xml:space="preserve">riſuegliata uiuacità de ſtudi: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21211" xml:space="preserve">perche adunque tai coſe ordinate ſono à queſto modo non pare, che
              <lb/>
            ſia fuori di propoſito, prima che ſi dia principio alle opere, che cautamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21212" xml:space="preserve">con diligẽza ſi eſpediſchino le ragion
              <lb/>
            loro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21213" xml:space="preserve">Quando adunque ne la legge, ne la conſuetudine ci può forzare à queſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21214" xml:space="preserve">ogni Anno i Pretori è gli Edili
              <lb/>
            per li giuochi apparecchiar deono le machine, ho giudicato non alieno, poi che nei libri paſſati s’è detto de gli edifi
              <lb/>
            ci, in queſto, che ha la ſomma terminatione del corpo dell’Architettura, eſponer con precetti, quali ſiano i principi
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0263-03" xlink:href="note-0263-03a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            ordinati delle machine à queſto conuenienti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21215" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21216" xml:space="preserve">HOra condotti ſiamo all’ultimo lauoro, come dice Dante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21217" xml:space="preserve">cireſta la terza parte principale dell’ Architettura poſta nella
              <lb/>
            cognitione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21218" xml:space="preserve">nella diſpoſitione delle machine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21219" xml:space="preserve">de gli strumenti, bella utile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21220" xml:space="preserve">merauiglioſa pratica, imperoche chi é
              <lb/>
            quello, che non guardi con ſtupore un huomo ſopra le forze ſue aiutato da un picciolo ſtrumento leuare con grandißima
              <lb/>
            ageuolezza un peſo ſmiſurato? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21221" xml:space="preserve">con debil fune artificioſamente riuolta ſolleuare un ſaſſo appari d’un monte ponderoſo?
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21222" xml:space="preserve">chi non legge con merauiglia le coſe fatte da Archimede? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21223" xml:space="preserve">chi non pauenta all’horribile inuentione dell’ Artiglierie, lequa-
              <lb/>
            li & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21224" xml:space="preserve">col ſuono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21225" xml:space="preserve">con l’empito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21226" xml:space="preserve">con gli effetti imitando i tuoni, i baleni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21227" xml:space="preserve">i fulmiini, con infrernal tormento ſono
              <lb/>
            la ſtrage del genere humano? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21228" xml:space="preserve">ma laſciamo i terrori da parte, quanta utilità di gratia, quanto piacere ci presta la inuentione delle ruote, il
              <lb/>
            modo di alzar l’acque, gli ſtrumenti da fiato, le coſe che da ſe ſi mouono? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21229" xml:space="preserve">et quello che fa la natura, perche niente ſia di uoto? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21230" xml:space="preserve">Non è dunque che
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0263-04" xlink:href="note-0263-04a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            noi merauiglia prendiamo, ſe questa è una parte delle principali dell’ Architettura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21231" xml:space="preserve">Di queſta adunque tratta Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21232" xml:space="preserve">nel decimo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21233" xml:space="preserve">ultimo li-
              <lb/>
            bro ſecondo la promeſſa fattaci per inanzi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21234" xml:space="preserve">Di questa ancho ne ragioneremo noi quanto al preſente negotio ſtimeremo biſognare: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21235" xml:space="preserve">Auuertendo
              <lb/>
            prima (ſecondo che ne gli altri libri fatto hauemo) à gliutili precetti dati da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21236" xml:space="preserve">nel proemio di questo libro, nel quale, dio uoleſſe, che ſi come
              <lb/>
            ſi troua un mirabile prouedimento, coſi egli foſſe oſſeruato ſempre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21237" xml:space="preserve">ſi oſſeruaſſe tuttauia, perche eſſendo stata una legge in Efeſo, che gli Ar-
              <lb/>
            chitetti laude, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21238" xml:space="preserve">honore meritaſſero, quando la ſpeſa delle fabriche non fuſſe maggiore, di quello, che predetto haueſſero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21239" xml:space="preserve">di danno, è biaſimo
              <lb/>
            fuſſero debitori, quando oltra la quarta parte eccedeſſe il primo computo, ſapendo gli huomini, che fabricar uoleſſero di che morte haueſſero à
              <lb/>
            morire, ò non ſi laſciarebbero imbarcare, eſſendo la ſpeſa maggiore delle forze loro, ò à tẽpo prouederebbono al biſogno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21240" xml:space="preserve">non ſi farebbe quel-
              <lb/>
            lo, che à dinostri molti fanno, che per una certa uanità (credo io) con priuate forze cominciano caſe regali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21241" xml:space="preserve">ſe ne reſtano ſul bello, hauendo
              <lb/>
            però fornito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21242" xml:space="preserve">adornato con quella ſpeſa che ſi puo maggiore le parti fatte con iſtucchi, oro, pitture, é guarnimenti tali, che ſe il tutto à que
              <lb/>
            principi riſpondeſſe, non basterebbe un regno à dargli compimento di modo, che quello, che è fatto, ſi getta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21243" xml:space="preserve">quello, che ſi deue fare, s’aban
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0263-05" xlink:href="note-0263-05a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            dona. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21244" xml:space="preserve">Ma laſciamo quelli parere, ò eſſer quello, che parer, ò eſſer uogliono, confidandoſi noi ne i precetti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21245" xml:space="preserve">ne i pareri de i buoni crediamo (co-
              <lb/>
            me altre fiate s’è detto) che i meglio ſpeſi danari ſono que primi, che ſi danno à un buon’ Architetto, perche da quella prima ſpeſa ogni coſa
              <lb/>
            prende un buono inuiamento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21246" xml:space="preserve">douendoſi ſpendere de molte migliaia di ſcudi, eſſer non ſi deue parco, a chi ben conſiglia, per aßicurarſi quan
              <lb/>
            to piu ſi può, per l’utile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21247" xml:space="preserve">per l’honore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21248" xml:space="preserve">Quella legge adunque, che dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21249" xml:space="preserve">eſſer ſtata in Eſeſo con dura conditione, ma con giuſta ragione
              <lb/>
            ordinata, staria bene à noſtri giorni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21250" xml:space="preserve">in quelle coſe ancho, doue è piu ſubitaoccaſione di ſpendere, piu pericolo di deliberare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21251" xml:space="preserve">men commo-
              <lb/>
            dità di uederne il conto, come è ne gli apparati delle feste, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21252" xml:space="preserve">de i giuochi publici, nelle ſcene, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21253" xml:space="preserve">ne i concieri, che ſi fanno à tempo, ne i quali Ro
              <lb/>
            mani del publico ſpendeuano gran quantità didinari, doue è neceſſario hauere fedeli, et ingenioſi ministri, ſuegliati inucentori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21254" xml:space="preserve">eſſercitati Ar
              <lb/>
            chitetti delle coſe, che trouino la facilità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21255" xml:space="preserve">non uadino per la lunga. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21256" xml:space="preserve">Hora per fuggire queſta ignoranzà, ò uanità, è neceſſario ſapere come ua
              <lb/>
            tutta la materia preſente, doue dopo il proemio ſi ragiona delle machine, et de gli inſtrumenti, ſi di quelli, che hanno riguardo à gli ſtudi della pa
              <lb/>
            ce, de iquali alcuni ſono per cõmodo, alcuni per diletto, come di quelli, che hãno riſpetto alle coſe della guerra, la doue nel primo capo Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21257" xml:space="preserve">diffi-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0263-06" xlink:href="note-0263-06a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            niſce che coſa è machina, quale differenza è tra machina, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21258" xml:space="preserve">inſtrumento, diſtingue le ſorti delle machiue, e tratta dell’origine di quelle, et dal ſe-
              <lb/>
            condo fin al nono parla delle machine da leuar, e tirar i peſi, et ci eſplica la ragione de diuerſi modi apartenenti à peſi dal nono ſin al terzodeci-
              <lb/>
            mo ci da gli ammaeſtramenti di far molte ruote, et artifici di alzar, e uotar l’acque, di macinare, et di far’altre ſimiglianti coſe utili, dallequali
              <lb/>
            partendoſi dal terzodecimo fin al quintodecimo ci dimoſtra la ragione di far le machine hidraulice, che ſono organi con ragione muſicali com-
              <lb/>
            poſti, che piaceuolmente per uia d’acqua, et diſpirito mandano fuori dolci concenti, et ci dichiara poi il modo di miſurare il uiaggio fatto ò in
              <lb/>
            caretta, ò in naue, et poſto fine à queſti ragionamenti paſſa à quelle machine, che ci ſeruono à biſogni della guerra, et à i ſoprastanti </s>
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