Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div721" type="section" level="1" n="127">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head127" xml:space="preserve">CAP. II. DELLE MACHINATIONI TRATTORIE DE I SACRI
            <lb/>
          TEMPI, ET DELLE OPERE PVBLICHE.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21488" xml:space="preserve">PRIMAMENTE ordineremo quelle coſe, che ne i ſacri tempi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21489" xml:space="preserve">alla perſettione delle opere pu-
              <lb/>
            bliche ſi apparecchiano, lequali à queſto modo ſi fanno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21490" xml:space="preserve">Drizzanſi tre trauicelli ſecondo la grãdez
              <lb/>
            za de i peſi, queſti dalle teſte di ſopra congiunti da un pirone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21491" xml:space="preserve">da baſſo allargati ſi drizzano po-
              <lb/>
            ſte le funi dalle teſte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21492" xml:space="preserve">con quelle atorno diſpoſte ſi tengono dritti, legaſi nella ſommità una taglia
              <lb/>
            detta da alcuni recamo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21493" xml:space="preserve">nella taglia ſono due rotelle, che ne i loro pernuzzi ſi uolgono, per la rotel
              <lb/>
            la di ſopra ſi fa paſſar il menale, queſta fune dapoi ſi manda à baſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21494" xml:space="preserve">ſi fa andar à torno la rotella
              <lb/>
            della taglia inferiore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21495" xml:space="preserve">ſi ripporta alla rotella di ſotto della taglia ſuperiore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21496" xml:space="preserve">coſi diſcende alla inferiore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21497" xml:space="preserve">nel ſuo
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0266-01" xlink:href="note-0266-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            bucco ſi lega il capo della fune, l’altro capo dellaquale e ripportato tra i picdi della machina, et ne i pianuzzi quadra-
              <lb/>
            ti delle traui di dietro, la doue ſon allargati, ſi ficcano l’orecchie, ò manichi detti chelonia, ne iquali ſi mettono i capi
              <lb/>
            de i molinelli, accioche con facilità que perni ſi uoltino. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21498" xml:space="preserve">Ma que mollinelli hanno preſſo i capi loro i bucchi tempra
              <lb/>
            ti in modo, che in esſi poſſono accommodarſi le ſtanghe, ma alla taglia di ſotto ſi legano gli uncini di ſerro, i denti de
              <lb/>
            iquali s’accommodano ne i ſasſi forati, quando adunque la fune ha il capo legato al mollinello, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21499" xml:space="preserve">che le ſtanghe me-
              <lb/>
            nando quello lo uoltano, queſto effetto ne naſce, che la fune uolgendoſi à torno il mollinello ſi ſtende, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21500" xml:space="preserve">coſi inalza
              <lb/>
            i peſi all’altezza, che ſi uuole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21501" xml:space="preserve">à que luoghi, doue ſi hanno à collocare.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21502" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21503" xml:space="preserve">Qui Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21504" xml:space="preserve">ci dimoſtra come ſi fanno gli ſtrumenti da leuar i peſi, e porli doue fa biſogno nelle fabriche de i tempi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21505" xml:space="preserve">delle opere publiche. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21506" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21507" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            prima ci parla della taglia, che egli troclea, ò ricamo dimanda: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21508" xml:space="preserve">il piu ſemplice modo è drizzare una caualletta, ò gauerna che ſi dica, ditra-
              <lb/>
            ui, ò antenelle, per uſare i nomi del noſtro Arſenale, accio meglio ſi piglie la pratica ditai coſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21509" xml:space="preserve">Queſta gauerna ſi fa pigliandoſi tre traui
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0266-02" xlink:href="note-0266-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            della groſſezza che puo baſtare à ſoſtener i peſi, queſti ſi drizzano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21510" xml:space="preserve">di ſopra ſi legano inſieme con pironi, che fibule da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21511" xml:space="preserve">detti ſono, et
              <lb/>
            i piedi di ſotto s’allargano, piglianſi poi due taglie, che cuſelle altroue ſi chiamano, la forma dellaquali per la figura ſi manifeſta, che ſono alcune
              <lb/>
            girelle, che orbiculi da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21512" xml:space="preserve">raggi da noi dette ſono, che nel taglio dritto la loro circonferenza hãno un canale, nelquale s’mueste il menale, da
              <lb/>
            Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21513" xml:space="preserve">ductario fune chiamato, le girelle, ò raggi hanno nel mezzo un bucco, doue ui entra un pernuzzo, che aßiculo da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21514" xml:space="preserve">marſione ſi chia-
              <lb/>
            ma da noi, questi trappaſſa per lo raggio, che è poſto fra un legno tagliato & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21515" xml:space="preserve">cauato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21516" xml:space="preserve">ſopra quello ſi uolge. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21517" xml:space="preserve">Attaccaſi adunque una taglia
              <lb/>
            alla parte di ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21518" xml:space="preserve">l’altra ſi ſerua per porla di ſotto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21519" xml:space="preserve">l’ordimento è tale, pigliaſi la fune, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21520" xml:space="preserve">un capo di eſſa ſi trammette nel canale del
              <lb/>
            raggio di ſopra, dapoi ſi cala al piu baſſo raggio della taglia di ſotto et trappaſſato ꝑ lo ſuo canale, ſi ripporta al raggio di ſotto della taglia ſope
              <lb/>
            riore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21521" xml:space="preserve">fattolo paſſare, ſi cala nel raggio di ſopra della taglia inferiore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21522" xml:space="preserve">iui ſi lega, l’altro capo della fune, che in abandono ſi laſcia, o perche
              <lb/>
            con le mani à forza tirato ſia, ò ſi raccommanda ad un mollinello, ilquale tra i piedi della gauerna, nelle orecchie, che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21523" xml:space="preserve">Chelonia, noi casti-
              <lb/>
            gnole, ò gattelli chiamamo, ſi uolge, con alcune ſtanghe, ò manouelle, o pironi, che ſi dichino, che uectes da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21524" xml:space="preserve">dette ſono, che entrano nelle te
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0266-03" xlink:href="note-0266-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            ſte del molinello, i peſi ſi attaccano ad alcuni uncini, che noi ganzi chiamamo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21525" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21526" xml:space="preserve">ſorcipi li dimanda, queſti ſono alla taglia di ſotto atto attacca
              <lb/>
            ti, congiunti, come dimoſtra la figura a, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21527" xml:space="preserve">il reſto è chiaro per la figura b. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21528" xml:space="preserve">doue è la taglia di ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21529" xml:space="preserve">per la figura.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21530" xml:space="preserve">c doue è la caualetta, che
              <lb/>
            ancho ponte da alcuni è detta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21531" xml:space="preserve">alla figura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21532" xml:space="preserve">d. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21533" xml:space="preserve">doue è il molinello, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21534" xml:space="preserve">le ſorti de molinelli, argani, ò naſpi, che ſuccule, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21535" xml:space="preserve">ergata da latini, ò gre-
              <lb/>
            ci ſi chiamano, ſono alle ſigure e.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21536" xml:space="preserve">ſ. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21537" xml:space="preserve">ſi come le ſorti de i ganzi, uncini ò forcipi ſono alle figure. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21538" xml:space="preserve">i
              <emph style="bf">K</emph>
            l. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21539" xml:space="preserve">posto adunque la pratica delle taglie ueni-
              <lb/>
            rò alla ragione di eſſe, accioche ci ſia noto la coſa ſignificata, è quella che ſigniſica, la fabrica, e il diſcorſo, l’effetto, et la cagione delle coſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21540" xml:space="preserve">Non
              <lb/>
            è dubbio che ſe ad una ſemplice fune ſi attacca un peſo, poniam caſo di mille libre, che tutta la fatica & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21541" xml:space="preserve">forza non ſia unitamente da quella fune
              <lb/>
            ſostenuta, che poi ſe la detta fune ſer à raddoppiata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21542" xml:space="preserve">à quella una taglia d’un raggio apposta doue penda quel peſo, che la fune non ſia per ha
              <lb/>
            uer il doppio meno di fatica, et il doppio meno di forza non baſti ad alzar quel peſo, hor che ſera poi, ſe ci ſeranno due taglie, ò piu? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21543" xml:space="preserve">ò ſe ſi mol
              <lb/>
            tiplicheranno i raggî? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21544" xml:space="preserve">non ſi partir à quel peſo in piu parti? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21545" xml:space="preserve">non ſi maneggiarà piu ageuolmente, non ci uorrà molto menor forze à tirarlo? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21546" xml:space="preserve">cer
              <lb/>
            to ſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21547" xml:space="preserve">di modo, che ſel primo raddoppiamento leua la metà del peſo, il ſecondo alquale reſta una metà leuerà uia la metà di quella metà che
              <lb/>
            ſerà la quarta parte di tutto’l peſo, et dalla quarta parte della forza di prima ſera il detto peſo leuato, la doue ſe non fuſſe la grauità delle funi,
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0266-04" xlink:href="note-0266-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            l’aſprezza de i raggi, et la tardezza del moto per li molti rauolgimenti della fune, che ſono i diffetti nõ della forma, ma della materia, un fanciul
              <lb/>
            lo preſtamente alzarebbe un ſmiſurato peſo, ma dar il ſapone alle funi, l’ugnere i raggi, il far bene le taglie con i raggi dricti, l’accõciar i menali,
              <lb/>
            che non s’intrichino, ò rodino inſieme, eſſendo i pernuzzi à miſura, et proportionati, fanno ageuoli queſte fatiche, è tãto piu ſe gli aggiugnemo
              <lb/>
            i molinelli, che leuano la lor parte del peſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21548" xml:space="preserve">della fatica, come il moltiplicar delle taglie, et de i raggi, et questi ancho piu ageuolmente ſi mouo
              <lb/>
            no, quanto le loro stanghe ſono maggiori, ꝑche la lunghezza ſi allontana dal centro, che è immobile, è tanto detto ſia della ragion@ delle taglie.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21549" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <figure number="153">
            <variables xml:id="echoid-variables70" xml:space="preserve">S S I I D B A E G F L I K</variables>
          </figure>
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