Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

Table of Notes

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          <pb o="258" file="0268" n="277" rhead="LIBRO"/>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div731" type="section" level="1" n="130">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head130" xml:space="preserve">CAP. V. D’VN’ALTRA SORTE DI MACHINA DA TIRARE.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21649" xml:space="preserve">EVVI un’altra ſorte di machina aſſai aritiſicioſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21650" xml:space="preserve">accommodata, alla preſtezza, ma il porſi à farla,
              <lb/>
            è opera di periti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21651" xml:space="preserve">imperoche egli è un traue, che ſi drizza in piedi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21652" xml:space="preserve">da quattro parti con rittegni
              <lb/>
            tenuto, ſotto i rittegni ſi conficcano due manichi, à iquali con funi ſi lega una taglia, ſotto la quale
              <lb/>
            è poſto un regolo due piedi longo, largo ſei dita, groſſo quattro, le taglie hanno per larghezza tre
              <lb/>
            ordini di raggi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21653" xml:space="preserve">coſi tre menali nella ſommità della machina ſi legano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21654" xml:space="preserve">dipoi ſe ripportano alla
              <lb/>
            taglia da baſlo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21655" xml:space="preserve">ſi fan paſſare dalla parte di dẽtro per li ſuoi raggi di ſopra, d’indi ſi ripportano al-
              <lb/>
            la taglia diſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21656" xml:space="preserve">s’inueſtono per la parte di fuori nella di dentro ne i raggi di ſotto, quando ſeranno per la parte di
              <lb/>
            dentro ſceſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21657" xml:space="preserve">per li ſecondi raggi ſi trapportano nella parte di ſuori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21658" xml:space="preserve">ſi ripportano di ſopra à i ſecondi raggi trap
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0268-01" xlink:href="note-0268-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            paſſati tornano al baſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21659" xml:space="preserve">dal baſſo ſe ripportano al capo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21660" xml:space="preserve">inueſtiti ne i primi raggi di ſopra ritornano à i piedi
              <lb/>
            della machina. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21661" xml:space="preserve">Ma nella radice di quella ſi pone la terza taglia da Greci Epagon, da noſtri Artemon nominata, lega-
              <lb/>
            ſi queſta alla radice della machina, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21662" xml:space="preserve">ha tre raggi, per li quali trappoſte le funi ſi danno à gli huomini, che le tirino,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21663" xml:space="preserve">coſi tirandole tre ordini d’huomini ſenz’ Argana preſtamente alzano il peſo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21664" xml:space="preserve">Queſta ſorte di machina ſi chiama
              <lb/>
            poliſpaſton, imperoche per molti circuiti de raggi ci da e preſtezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21665" xml:space="preserve">facilita grande, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21666" xml:space="preserve">il drizzare d’un traue folo,
              <lb/>
            porta ſeco queſta utilità, che prima quanto ſi uuole & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21667" xml:space="preserve">inche parte ſi uuole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21668" xml:space="preserve">dalla deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21669" xml:space="preserve">dalla ſiniſtra puo depo
              <lb/>
            nere il peſo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21670" xml:space="preserve">Le ragioni delle ſopraſcritte machine non ſolo alle dette coſe, ma à caricare, e ſcaricar le naui ſono appa-
              <lb/>
            recchiate; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21671" xml:space="preserve">ſtando altre di quelle dritte, altre piane poſte ne Parettoli che ſi uoltano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21672" xml:space="preserve">ancho ſenza drizzar le traui
              <lb/>
            nel piano con la la iſteſſa ragione temprate le funi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21673" xml:space="preserve">le taglie ſi tirano le naui in terra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21674" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21675" xml:space="preserve">Bella, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21676" xml:space="preserve">ſottile ragione & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21677" xml:space="preserve">inuentione di Machina ci propone Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21678" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21679" xml:space="preserve">ce inſegna il modo di farla, l’ordimento delle funi, l’accommodarla per ti
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0268-02" xlink:href="note-0268-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            rar i peſi, il uocabolo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21680" xml:space="preserve">l’uſo d’eſſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21681" xml:space="preserve"># Dapoi ci fa auuertiti, come à molti modi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21682" xml:space="preserve">per molti effetti ci potemo ſeruire delle ragioni delle
              <lb/>
            machine ſopradette. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21683" xml:space="preserve">Preſuppone egli che drizzamo la machina, come s’è detto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21684" xml:space="preserve">dice, che l’uſo è per far presto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21685" xml:space="preserve">che è artificioſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21686" xml:space="preserve">opera
              <lb/>
            di perſone pratiche. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21687" xml:space="preserve">Drizzaſi un traue da capo del quale ſi legano quattro ſuni, che egli chiama retinacoli, noi ſartie, queste ſi laſciano andar
              <lb/>
            in terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21688" xml:space="preserve">ſi riccommandano à pali, come di ſopra, l’ufficio di queste funie tenir dritta la machina, che non pieghi piu in una parte, che in
              <lb/>
            un’ altra, ſotto queſte ſuni ò ſartie, ò rittegni, che ſieno la doue di ſopra legate ſono ſi conficcano ne li lati del traue due manichi, tra quali è
              <lb/>
            poſta una taglia, et à quelli ben legata, ma ſotto la taglia, come per letto, è una piana di longhezza di due piedi, larga ſei dita groſſa quattro,
              <lb/>
            l’effetto di queſta, è tenir dritta la taglia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21689" xml:space="preserve">lontana dal traue, acciocche ſi poſſa far commodamente l’ordimento delle funi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21690" xml:space="preserve">Tre taglie ui uan-
              <lb/>
            no, due dellequali hanno nella larghezza loro tre ordini de raggi, come ti mostra la figura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21691" xml:space="preserve">l’ordimento delle funi è queſto, piglianſi tre mena-
              <lb/>
            li, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21692" xml:space="preserve">ſi legano btne alla ſommità della machina al traue, i capi di quelli ſi laſciano andar giu, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21693" xml:space="preserve">per la parte di dentro della taglia di ſotto ſi
              <lb/>
            fanno paſſare tutti tre ordinatamente ne i raggi di ſopra, cioè del primo ordine, paſſati che ſono tutti tre ſe ripportano alla taglia di ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21694" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0268-03" xlink:href="note-0268-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            ſi fan paſſare dalla parte di fuori nella parte di dentro per li raggi di ſotto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21695" xml:space="preserve">coſi diſcendono per la parte di dentro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21696" xml:space="preserve">s’inueſtono nel ſe-
              <lb/>
            condo ordine de i raggi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21697" xml:space="preserve">paſſano alla parte di fuori questi di nouo ſe ripportano alla taglia di ſopra al ſecondo ordine de iraggi & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21698" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            trappaſſati che ſono calano giu, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21699" xml:space="preserve">dal terzo ordine de raggi, ſi ripportano al capo della machina, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21700" xml:space="preserve">inueſtiti, che ſono nell’ordine
              <lb/>
            de i raggi di ſopra tutti tre i detti menali, calano al pie della machina, doue è legata la terza taglia, che da Greci è detta Epagon dala
              <lb/>
            tini Artemon, da noi Pastecca, questa ha tre ſoli raggi al pari, ne iquali uanno i tre menali, ò codette, che ſi dicano, questi ſi danno à perſone,
              <lb/>
            che i tirano à tre per capo, doue con ſacilità ſi leuano i peſi, et la figura lo dimoſtra in una mano de raggi nudi ꝑche meglio ſe intèda et da prati
              <lb/>
            cãti ſerà bene inteſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21701" xml:space="preserve">E queſta ſorte di machina dalla moltitudine de i raggi è detta poliſpaſton, l’effetto è tale, che ammollando destramẽte quelli
              <lb/>
            rittegni, ė ſartie, ſi puo far piegare in che parte ſi uuole, et deporre i peſi doue torna bene. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21702" xml:space="preserve">Ma l’uſo di tutte le predette machine, quãdo ꝑ li loro
              <lb/>
            uerſi accommodate ſeranno, ſi eſtende in piu fattioni, imperoche et per caricare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21703" xml:space="preserve">per ſcaricare le naui ſon buone, l’arbore della naue ci ſerue
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21704" xml:space="preserve">le funi ſue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21705" xml:space="preserve">quando il peſo è alzato appari della coſta del nauilio, ſi fa andar il nauilio alla parte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21706" xml:space="preserve">in banda, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21707" xml:space="preserve">coſi il peſo ſi ſcarica, ò
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0268-04" xlink:href="note-0268-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            in terra, ò in altro nauilio minore, le medeſime machine steſe in terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21708" xml:space="preserve">ordinate uarano le naui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21709" xml:space="preserve">le tirano in acqua, il tutto è posto in bene
              <lb/>
            accommodarle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21710" xml:space="preserve">aßicurarle ne i manichi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21711" xml:space="preserve">in quelli ſtrumenti che Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21712" xml:space="preserve">chiama Carcheſi, che ſono, per quanto ſtimo io, certi ſtrumenti, do
              <lb/>
            ue entrano le stange, che uoltano i perni delle ruote, ò de i timpani ò de nafpi, altri dicono, che hanno la figura della lettera Δ, ma forſe ſono
              <lb/>
            ſimili à quelli, che noi chiamamo Parettoli ſopra iquali ſi uolta una bocca di ſuoco per tirar in ogniuerſo, come ſi uede nelle naui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21713" xml:space="preserve">nelle gale-
              <lb/>
            re, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21714" xml:space="preserve">nella figura.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21715" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div734" type="section" level="1" n="131">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head131" xml:space="preserve">CAP. VI. D’VNA INGENIOSA RAGIONE DI CTESI-
            <lb/>
          FONTE, PER CONDVRE I PESI.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21716" xml:space="preserve">NON è alieno dall’inſtituto noſtro eſponere una ingenioſa inuentione’ di Cteſifonte, percioche uolẽ
              <lb/>
            do coſtui condure dalle boteghe di tagliapietra in Efeſo al tempio di Diana i fuſti delle colonne, nõ
              <lb/>
            fidando ſi ne i carri per la grandezza de i peſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21717" xml:space="preserve">per le uie de i campi molli temendo, che le ruote
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0268-05" xlink:href="note-0268-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            non fondaſſero troppo, in queſto modo tentò di fare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21718" xml:space="preserve">Egli poſe inſieme quattro pezzi di legno mol
              <lb/>
            to bene commesſi grosſi quattro dita, due trauerſi trappoſti tra due lunghi quãto erano i fuſti del-
              <lb/>
            le colonne, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21719" xml:space="preserve">nelle teſte de i fuſti impiombò molto bene i pironi di ferro, che Cnodaces detti ſonoà
              <lb/>
            guiſa di pernuzzi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21720" xml:space="preserve">in que legni poſe gli annelli, ne i quali haueffero ad entrari detti pironi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21721" xml:space="preserve">con baſtoni di elce le
              <lb/>
            gò le teſte, i pironi adunque rinchiuſi ne i cerchielli liberamente ſi poteano tanto riuoltare, che mentre i buoi ſotto-
              <lb/>
            poſti tirauano i fuſti delle colonne uolgendoſi ne i pironi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21722" xml:space="preserve">ne i cerchielli ſenza fine ſi girauano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21723" xml:space="preserve">Hauendo poi à que
              <lb/>
            ſto modo condotto tutti i fuſti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21724" xml:space="preserve">effendo neceſſario tirar ancho gli architraui, il figliuolo di Cteſiſonte Metagene
              <lb/>
            nominato trapportò quella ragione della condotta de i fuſti alla condotta de gli architraui: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21725" xml:space="preserve">imperoche egli fece ruo
              <lb/>
            te grandi da dodici piedi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21726" xml:space="preserve">con la iſteſſa ragione con pironi è cerchielli ſerrò nel mezzo di quelle ruote i capi de gli
              <lb/>
            architraui, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21727" xml:space="preserve">coſi eſſendo tirati que legni da buoi rinchiuſi ne i cerchielli, i pironi uolgeuano le ruote, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21728" xml:space="preserve">gli architra-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0268-06" xlink:href="note-0268-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            ui ſerrati come perni nelle ruote con la iſteſſa ragione, che condotti ſurono i fuſti delle colonne, peruennero al luogo
              <lb/>
            doue ſi fabricaua. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21729" xml:space="preserve">l’eſſempio di tal coſa, è come quando nelle paleſtre ſi ſpianano con i cilindri i luoghi doue ſi cami-
              <lb/>
            na, ne però queſto haurebbe potuto ſare ſe il luogo non fuſſe ſtato uicino, perche da i tagliapietra al tempio non ui
              <lb/>
            ha piu d’otto miglia ne ui è alcuna diſceſa, ma il tutto è piano campeſtre.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21730" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21731" xml:space="preserve">La interpretatione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21732" xml:space="preserve">la pratica ſa maniſeſto quello che dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21733" xml:space="preserve">et cilindro era una pietra di forma di colõna per iſpianare, et orſare, come dice-
              <lb/>
            mo noi i terrazzi, ma quanto biſogni prima penſarci ſopra, auanti che ſi dia principio à tali impreſe di condure le coſe grandi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21734" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21735" xml:space="preserve">ci di-
              <lb/>
            moſtra in un bello eſſempio dicendo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21736" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21737" xml:space="preserve">Ma à noſtri giorni eſſendo nel tẽpio doue era il coloſſo d’ Apollo per’ uecchiezza rotta la baſa, è temẽdoſi che la ſtatua
              <lb/>
            non ruinaſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21738" xml:space="preserve">ſi rompeſſe, cõduſſero chi dalle iſteſſe petraie taglia ſſero la baſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21739" xml:space="preserve">Paconio ſi preſe il carico. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21740" xml:space="preserve">Era queſta
              <lb/>
            baſa lunga dodici piedi, larga otto, alta ſei, queſta Paconio gonſio di uanagloria nõ come Metagene tentò di cõdure,
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0268-07" xlink:href="note-0268-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            ma con la iſteſſa ragione ad un’altro modo ordinò di ſare una machina: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21741" xml:space="preserve">imperoche egli fece le ruote alte 15 piedi, nel-
              <lb/>
            lequali rinchiuſe i capi della pietra, dapoi à torno la pietra da ruota à ruota ui acconciò fuſi grosſi due dita in modo.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21742" xml:space="preserve">che tra fuſo è fuſo non era la diſtanza d’un piede, oltra di queſto d’intorno, à i fuſi circondò una fune, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21743" xml:space="preserve">poſtoui ſot-
              <lb/>
            to i buoi tiraua la fune, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21744" xml:space="preserve">coſi ſciolgendoſi la ſune uoltaua le ruote; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21745" xml:space="preserve">ma non poteua per dritto tirarle, ma la machina
              <lb/>
            uſciua hora in una parte, hora in un’altra, dalche egli era ſorzato di nuouo tirarla indietro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21746" xml:space="preserve">coſi Paconio tirando,
              <lb/>
            è ritirando conſumò il dinaio, ſi che egli non hebbe poi da pagare.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21747" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
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