Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

Table of Notes

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div734" type="section" level="1" n="131">
          <pb o="259" file="0269" n="278" rhead="DECIMO."/>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21748" xml:space="preserve">Et questo luogo è ancho facile, perche Paconio fece un rochello, come dicemo noi, nelquale ſerrò la pietra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21749" xml:space="preserve">la corda, che era d’intorno al detto
              <lb/>
            rocchello ſi uolgeua hora in un luogo hora in un’altro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21750" xml:space="preserve">però non poteua tirar dritto, ma quanto tiraua inanzi, tanto la machina ſi torceua,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21751" xml:space="preserve">per drizzarla, tanto era neceſſario tirarla in dietro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21752" xml:space="preserve">coſi la ſatica era uana, come quella di siſifo, per la colpa della uanità ſua, leggi
              <lb/>
            Leone al ſeſto del ſeſto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21753" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div737" type="section" level="1" n="132">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head132" xml:space="preserve">CAP. VII. COME TROVATO S’HABBIA LA PETRAIA, DELLA
            <lb/>
          QVALE FV FATTO IL TEMPIO DI DIANA EFESIA.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21754" xml:space="preserve">IO uſcirò alquanto di propoſito, è dirò come trouate furono queſte petraie, Piſſodoro ſu paſtore, è
              <lb/>
            praticaua in queſti luoghi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21755" xml:space="preserve">Penſando gli Efeſi di ſar un tempio à Diana, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21756" xml:space="preserve">deliberando di ſeruirſi
              <lb/>
            del marmo di Paro, Preconeſſo, Heraclea, e di Thaſo anuenne, che in quel tempo Piſſodoro caccia-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0269-01" xlink:href="note-0269-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            te à paſcoli le pecore in que luoghi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21757" xml:space="preserve">iui cõcorrendo due montoni per urtarſi l’un l’altro ſenza in-
              <lb/>
            cõtro ſi trappaſſorono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21758" xml:space="preserve">cõ empito l’uno percoſſe il ſaſſo cõ le corna, dalquale ſcagliò una pietra
              <lb/>
            di bianchisſimo colore, Dalche ſi dice, che Piſſodoro laſciaſſe le pecore ne i monti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21759" xml:space="preserve">portaſſe quella
              <lb/>
            croſta in Eſeſo allhora quando di cio conſultauano, coſi deliberaron di honorarlo grandemente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21760" xml:space="preserve">gli mutarono il
              <lb/>
            nome, che in uece di Piſſodoro fuſſe euangelo (cioè buon nuncio) nominato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21761" xml:space="preserve">fin’al di d’hoggi ogni tanti meſi il ma-
              <lb/>
            giſtrato di Efeſo ſi conduce in quel luogo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21762" xml:space="preserve">gli fa ſacriſicio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21763" xml:space="preserve">caſo che cio fuſſe da quello pretermeſſo, è tenuto al-
              <lb/>
            la pena.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21764" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21765" xml:space="preserve">La uanagloria ingannò Paconìo, l’arte aiutò Cteſiſonte, è Metagene, il caſo fece fauore à Piſſodoro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21766" xml:space="preserve">Et Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21767" xml:space="preserve">ci harecreati con questa digreßione
              <lb/>
            uedendoci hauere ſtanca, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21768" xml:space="preserve">intricata la ſanta ſia con ruote, corde, timpani, argani, è girelle. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21769" xml:space="preserve">Hora egli paſſa dopo la fabrica al diſcorſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21770" xml:space="preserve">ſa
              <lb/>
            ſopra le detteco ſe una bellißimama conſideratione dicendo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21771" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div739" type="section" level="1" n="133">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head133" xml:space="preserve">CAP. VIII. DEL MOVIMENTO DRITTO, E CIRCOLARE
            <lb/>
          CHE SI RICHIEDE A LEV AR I PESI.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21772" xml:space="preserve">DELLE ragioni, con lequali ſi tirano i peſi breuemente io ho eſpoſto quelle coſe, che io ho giudica-
              <lb/>
            te neceſſarie.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21773" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21774" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21775" xml:space="preserve">nel primo cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21776" xml:space="preserve">di queſto libro ha detto, che machina era una continua colligatione di legname, che hauea uirtu grande
              <lb/>
            à mouere i peſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21777" xml:space="preserve"># Queſto fin hora egli ci ha dimostrato. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21778" xml:space="preserve">Ha detto ancho, che la machina ſi moue con artiſicio di molti
              <lb/>
            giri, questa parte hora egli ci eſpone, alche douemo por mente, per eſſer il ſondamento di tutti gli artificij, oltra che ciſa-
              <lb/>
            rà intender molte belle coſe delle Mecaniche di Ariſtotile. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21779" xml:space="preserve">Dice adunque.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21780" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21781" xml:space="preserve">Delle ragioni da tirar i peſi, quelle coſe io ho breuemente eſpoſto, che io ho giudicate neceſſarie, i mouinenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21782" xml:space="preserve">le uir-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0269-03" xlink:href="note-0269-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            tu dellequali due coſe diuerſe, è tra ſe disfimili come conuengono, coſi ſono principij à due operationi, uno di que
              <lb/>
            principij, è il mouimento dritto, Euthia da Greci nominato, l’altro è il mouimento circolare chiamato Cyclotis, ma
              <lb/>
            inuero ne il dritto ſenza il circolare, ne il circolare ſenza il dritto puo ſare che i peſi ſi leúino.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21783" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21784" xml:space="preserve">La propoſitione di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21785" xml:space="preserve">è queſta, che il mouimento dritto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21786" xml:space="preserve">il circolare, benche ſiano due coſe diuerſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21787" xml:space="preserve">che ſimiglianza tra ſe non habbiano
              <lb/>
            pure concorreno à ſare i merauiglioſi effetti, che tutto dì uedemo nell’alzar i peſi, ne uno può ſtar ſenza l’altro, ma come cio adiuegna Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21788" xml:space="preserve">da
              <lb/>
            ſe ſteſſo l’eſpone dicendo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21789" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21790" xml:space="preserve">Ma come quello, che io ho detto, s’intenda, eſponerò. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21791" xml:space="preserve">Entrano i pernuzzi ne i raggi come centri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21792" xml:space="preserve">nelle taglie ſi pon
              <lb/>
            gono, per queſti raggi la fune ſi uolge con dritti tiri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21793" xml:space="preserve">poſta nel molinello per lo riuolgimento delle ſtaughe ſa, che i
              <lb/>
            peſi ſi leuino in alto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21794" xml:space="preserve">i cardini del molinello come centri del dritto ne i gatelli collocati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21795" xml:space="preserve">ne i ſuoi bucchi poſte le
              <lb/>
            ſtanghe uoltandoſi in giro le teſte à ragione di torno alzano i peſi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21796" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21797" xml:space="preserve">Per indottione proua Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21798" xml:space="preserve">che il dritto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21799" xml:space="preserve">il circolare entrano à i mouimenti delle coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21800" xml:space="preserve">prima ne gli ſtrumenti delle taglie, ſtanghe, è molinel
              <lb/>
            li, perche i giri, i raggi gli auolgimenti riſpondono al circolare, le ſuni, le ſtanghe i perni ſiſpondono al dritto nelle ſoprapoſte machine, dapoi ne
              <lb/>
            gli altri strumenti, come qui ſotto dimostra dicendo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21801" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21802" xml:space="preserve">Similmente come la ſtanga, ò leua di ferro quando è appoſta al peſo, quello, che non puo da molte mani eſſer leuato, ſot
              <lb/>
            topoſto à guiſa di centro per dritto, quello ſopra, che ſi ſerma la manouella, che hypomochlion da Greci è detta, qua-
              <lb/>
            ſi ſottoſtanga, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21803" xml:space="preserve">poſta ſotto il peſo la manouella, ò lenguella della, ſtanga, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21804" xml:space="preserve">calcato il capo di quella dalle forze
              <lb/>
            d’un huomo ſolo, quel peſo ſi leua.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21805" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21806" xml:space="preserve">Molte queſtioni pertinenti alle Mecaniche di Arist. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21807" xml:space="preserve">in poche parole poste, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21808" xml:space="preserve">riſſolte ſono da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21809" xml:space="preserve">in queſto luogo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21810" xml:space="preserve">Però conſiderar biſogna le re
              <lb/>
            gole generali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21811" xml:space="preserve">i principij di tutte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21812" xml:space="preserve">In ogni artificioſo mouimento ſono quattro coſe il peſo, la forza, che lo moue, lo ſtrumento, con che ſi
              <lb/>
            moue, detto Vectis Latinamente, Mochlion in Greco, Leua in Volgare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21813" xml:space="preserve">quello ſopra che ſi ferma la Leua Hypomochlion in Greco, Presſio
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0269-05" xlink:href="note-0269-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            in Latino, e Sottoleua direi in Volgare, tutte queste coſe dalla ſtadera alla bilancia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21814" xml:space="preserve">dalla bilancia alla ragione del circolo ſi uanno riducen-
              <lb/>
            do, oſſeruaſi adunque, che le parti piu lontane dal centro ſanno maggiore, piu preſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21815" xml:space="preserve">piu euidente eſſetto, che le uicine, perche ſono piu
              <lb/>
            lontane dallo immobile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21816" xml:space="preserve">meno partecipano della natura del centro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21817" xml:space="preserve">pero in ogni ſtrumento conſiderar ſi deue, ò il centro, ò quello, che co
              <lb/>
            me centro ſi piglia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21818" xml:space="preserve">Nella bilancia adunque, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21819" xml:space="preserve">nella stadera il centro, è, quel punto del pirone, che trappaſſa l’orecchia, che anſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21820" xml:space="preserve">la len-
              <lb/>
            guella, che Eſſame è nominata. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21821" xml:space="preserve">Questo luogo del centro, e come la ſottoleua, perche ſopra quello ſi ſerma la leua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21822" xml:space="preserve">nella bd
              <unsure/>
            ancia le brac-
              <lb/>
            cia, ò raggi, che Scapi da Latini ſi dicono, rappreſentano la leua, che ſono come linee, che ſi partono dal centro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21823" xml:space="preserve">Quando adunque que-
              <lb/>
            ſti raggi ſono eguali di grandezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21824" xml:space="preserve">di peſo le teſte loro eſſendo la bilancia ſoſpeſa non piegano una piu dell’altra, ma ſono egualmente diſtan
              <lb/>
            ti dal piano, ma quando ſe le da peſo da uno de capi, ſorza e, che trabocche la bilancia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21825" xml:space="preserve">piu preſto trabocchera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21826" xml:space="preserve">con minor peſo quan-
              <lb/>
            do il raggio ſerà maggiore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21827" xml:space="preserve">il peſo piu lontano dal centro per la ſopradetta ragione, però diceſi nelle Mecaniche, che le bilancie, che hanno,
              <lb/>
            i, fusti maggiori ſono piu certe, cioe piu presto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21828" xml:space="preserve">con minor peſo bilanciano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21829" xml:space="preserve">piu certo dimoſtrano il peſo, percioche per ogni lieue ag-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0269-06" xlink:href="note-0269-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            giunta ſi mouono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21830" xml:space="preserve">in egual, ò, minore ſpatio di tempo, ſanno maggiore ſpacio di luogo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21831" xml:space="preserve">Ma biſogna intendere, che tutte le coſe ſian pari, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21832" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            che la materia ſia uniforme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21833" xml:space="preserve">eguale per tutto di peſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21834" xml:space="preserve">di lunghezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21835" xml:space="preserve">Prendeſi la lunghezza de i raggi dal punto di mezzo, che per cen-
              <lb/>
            tro, ò ſottoleua ſi pone, ſtenderai due raggieguali mouendoſi i capi di quelli uno all’ingiu, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21836" xml:space="preserve">l’altro all’inſu comincieranno à diſſegnare un cir
              <lb/>
            colo ad uno iſteſſo tempo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21837" xml:space="preserve">ciaſcuno parimente finirala ſua metà del circolo quando ſeranno peruenuti l’uno al luogo dell’altro, ma ſeirag
              <lb/>
            gidella bilancia non ſeranno di pari longhezza mouendoſi al ſopradetto modo ſegneranno circoli diſeguali, ſiche il raggio maggiore farebbe
              <lb/>
            circonferenza maggiore, quando gli laſciaſſe un ſegno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21838" xml:space="preserve">pero mouendoſi l’uno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21839" xml:space="preserve">l’altro capo ad un iſteßo tempo piu ueloce mouimento fa-
              <lb/>
            rebbe il capo maggiore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21840" xml:space="preserve">Queſto s’intende della bilancia, ò ſia ella ſoſpeſa dal diſopra, come ſi uſa per la piu parte, ò fia ſoſtento con un pie di
              <lb/>
            ſotto come la figura lo dimoſtra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21841" xml:space="preserve">Euui un’ altra maniera di bilãcia, che piu presto mezza bilãcia ſi può chiamare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21842" xml:space="preserve">è detta ſtadera, Queſta ha
              <lb/>
            iraggi ſuoi diſeguali, et doue è il minore iui ſi attacano, i peſi, in queſta, è il cẽtro ò la ſottoleua, come nella bilãcia, doue è la lenguella. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21843" xml:space="preserve">l’altro rag
              <lb/>
            gio e maggiore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21844" xml:space="preserve">ſi ſegna cõ diuerſi punti, ſopra iquali ua giocãdo un peſo mobile detto il marco, ma da latini equipõdio, et da Greci sferoma
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0269-07" xlink:href="note-0269-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            affine, che hora piu uicino, hora piu lontano al punto di mezzo, leui i maggiori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21845" xml:space="preserve">i minor peſi, queſti riſponde alla forza, che moue, che co-
              <lb/>
            me forte mano calca il raggio maggiore nella ſtadera, il ſimile fa il ſecondo peſo dal braccio minore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21846" xml:space="preserve">ſe egli ſi mutaſſe l’orecchie & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21847" xml:space="preserve">la len-
              <lb/>
            guella alla stadera, ſi puo dire, che ella fuſſe piu bilancie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21848" xml:space="preserve">per molte bilancie ſi puo uſare uariandoſi i luoghi delle orecchie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21849" xml:space="preserve">delle len-
              <lb/>
            guelle per lo leuare de diuerſi peſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21850" xml:space="preserve">Quanto adunque è piu uicina la orecchia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21851" xml:space="preserve">la lenguella alla lance, che e quella catena, doue ſi attacca il pe
              <lb/>
            ſo, tanto piu ſi leua il peſo, che è in eſſa lance, percioche la linea, che è dall’orecchia al marco è maggiore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21852" xml:space="preserve">Ecco adunque come la ſtadera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21853" xml:space="preserve">la
              <lb/>
            bilancia ſi riducono alla ragione àel circolo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21854" xml:space="preserve">ſimilmente la leua ſi riduce alla iſteſſa ragione, perche la leua è come il raggio della bilancia la </s>
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