Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div759" type="section" level="1" n="138">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head138" xml:space="preserve">CAP. XIII. DELLE MACHINE HIDRAVLICE
            <lb/>
          CON LEQVALI SI FANNO
            <lb/>
          GLI ORGANI.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22222" xml:space="preserve">IO NON laſciero à dietro di toccare quanto piu breuemente potrò, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22223" xml:space="preserve">con ſcrittura conſeguire
              <lb/>
            à punto, cio che aſpetta alla ragione delle machine Hidraulice. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22224" xml:space="preserve">Egli ſi fa una baſa di legno ben col-
              <lb/>
            legata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22225" xml:space="preserve">congiunta inſieme, in quella ſi pone un’arca di rame, ſopra la Baſa dalla deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22226" xml:space="preserve">dal-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0276-01" xlink:href="note-0276-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            la ſiniſtra ſi drizzano alcune regole poſte inſieme à modo di ſcala, in queſte ſi includono alcuni
              <lb/>
            moggetti di rame con i loro cerchielli mobili fatti ſottilmente al torno, queſti nel mezzo hanno le
              <lb/>
            lor braccia di ferro conficcate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22227" xml:space="preserve">lor fuſaioli con i manichi, congiunte è riuolte in pelli di lana.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22228" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22229" xml:space="preserve">Dipoi nel piano di ſopra ci ſono i fori circa tre dita grandi uicino à quali, ne i lor fuſaioli poſti ſono i Delfini di ra-
              <lb/>
            me, che dalla bocca loro pendenti hanno dalle catene i cembali, che calano di ſotto i Fori de i moggietti nell’arca do-
              <lb/>
            ue è ripoſta l’acqua, iui è come un trammoggio riuerſo ſotto il quale ſono certi taſſelli alti cerca tre dita, iquali liuel-
              <lb/>
            lano lo ſpacio da baſſo poſto tra i labri inferiori del forno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22230" xml:space="preserve">il fondo dell’arca.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22231" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22232" xml:space="preserve">Queſta ſabrica di machina è difficile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22233" xml:space="preserve">oſcura, ilche Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22234" xml:space="preserve">afferma nel fine del preſente capo, benche egli dica hauerla chiar amente eſpoſta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22235" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            nel principio del medeſimo capo ci prometta di uoler ciò fare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22236" xml:space="preserve">toccar la coſa, quanto piu uicino ſi può, ma con ſomma breuita, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22237" xml:space="preserve">io ſtimo
              <lb/>
            che egli ciò fatto habbia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22238" xml:space="preserve">eſſeguito, auenga che altri dica, che queſta norma di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22239" xml:space="preserve">ſia piu presto per un modello, che per una eſquiſita di-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0276-02" xlink:href="note-0276-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            mostratione, affermando che Nerone tãto ſi dilettaua di queste machine Hidraulice, che conteneuano l’acqua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22240" xml:space="preserve">per piu canne mandando fuori
              <lb/>
            l’aere con l’acqua inſieme ſaceuano un tremante ſuono, che tra i pericoli della uita, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22241" xml:space="preserve">dello imperio, tra gli abbuttinamenti de i ſoldati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22242" xml:space="preserve">de
              <lb/>
            i capitani, nel ſopraſtante e maniſeſto pericolo non laſciaua il penſiero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22243" xml:space="preserve">la cura di quelle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22244" xml:space="preserve">che poi eſſendo diuulgati i libri di Vi-
              <lb/>
            truuio, Nerone non l’haueſſe coſi care, poi che con uulgata ragione ſuſſero ſabricate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22245" xml:space="preserve">Et à me pare, che ſe bene minutamente Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22246" xml:space="preserve">non ci
              <lb/>
            eſpona tutte le coſe, che entrano nella detta machina, come egli ancho, non ha ſatto nelle altre preſupponendole aſſai manifeſte, pure ci dia tan
              <lb/>
            to lume, che con la induſtria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22247" xml:space="preserve">con la diligenza ſi può fare quello, che egli ce inſegna, perche ancho ſe uogliamo deſcriuere la fattura de gli
              <lb/>
            Organi noſtri che uſamo, conoſceremo chiaramente, che non potremo coſi minutamente dimoſtrare l’artiſicio loro, che non ci reſti difficulta
              <lb/>
            appreſſo quelli, che di questi ſimili ſtrumenti non fanno profesſione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22248" xml:space="preserve">non ne hanno pratica, tanto piu ci deue parere strano l’antichità ſi per
              <lb/>
            la propieta de uocaboli, ſi per la nouita delle coſe, che ſono diſuſate, benche l’organo di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22249" xml:space="preserve">conuegna in molte coſe, con l’organo, che uſamo,
              <lb/>
            perche nell’uno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22250" xml:space="preserve">nell’altro, e una iſteſſa intentione di ſonare mediante l’aere, di dar le uie allo ſpirito per certi canali, che entri nelle canne,
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0276-03" xlink:href="note-0276-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            che quelle ſe otturino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22251" xml:space="preserve">aprino al piacer noſtro, che s’accordino in proportione di muſica, che ſiano diuerſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22252" xml:space="preserve">facciano diuerſi ſuoni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22253" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ſimil coſe, che di necesſità ſono in questi organi, e in quelli, benche altrimenti ſi ſacciano, percioche io non trouo, che gli antichi uſaſſero i man
              <lb/>
            tici, benche ſi ſeruiſſero di coſe, che faceuano lo iſteſſo effetto riceuendo l’aere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22254" xml:space="preserve">lo ſpirito, è ſcacciandolo ſecondo il biſogno, come nella ma-
              <lb/>
            china di Cteſibio dimoſtrato hauemo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22255" xml:space="preserve">Herone ſimilmente deſcriue una machina Hidraulica, laquale inſieme cõ altre coſe, è quaſi in mano d’ogni
              <lb/>
            ſtudioſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22256" xml:space="preserve">noi per diletto poſto hauemo nella lingua noſtra i libri di quello autore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22257" xml:space="preserve">Per eſponere adunque quanto s’intende dalle parole di Vit.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22258" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22259" xml:space="preserve">quello, che con la industria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22260" xml:space="preserve">lume dello ingenioſo Marcolino hauemo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22261" xml:space="preserve">lo dico, che per fare la machina Hidraulica biſogna prima fare un
              <lb/>
            baſamento di legname, affine che ſopra eßo tutto l’apparecchio dell’Organo ſi fermi, e ſpecialmente un’arca, ò uaſo di rame, nelquale ſi ha da
              <lb/>
            por l’acqua dapoi ſopra la baſa dalla deſtra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22262" xml:space="preserve">dalla ſiniſtra dalle teſte ſi drizzano alcune regole contenute inſieme da altre attrauerſate à mo
              <lb/>
            do di ſcala, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22263" xml:space="preserve">ſono come un telaro della machina, in queste regole ſi ſerrano alcuni moggetti di Rame, come quelli della machina Cteſibica ſo-
              <lb/>
            prapoſta, queſti hanno i lor fondelli, ò cerchielli mobili fatti à torno con diligenza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22264" xml:space="preserve">ſono come maſcoli, che entrano ne i moggetti, anzi come
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0276-04" xlink:href="note-0276-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            que legni, che entrano ne i gonfietti da le palle da uẽto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22265" xml:space="preserve">ſono inueſtiti di lana, ò di feltre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22266" xml:space="preserve">di pezze come i gonfietti, queſti moggietti ſon
              <lb/>
            dritti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22267" xml:space="preserve">uengono à riferire nell’arca di rame, hanno di ſopra i manichi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22268" xml:space="preserve">le catene, che calano in esſi à modo delle trombe di naue, queſte ca
              <lb/>
            tene eſcono dalla bocca di alcuni Delfini coſi formati per adornamento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22269" xml:space="preserve">ſono coſi chiamati (come dice il Marcolino) dal mouimento loro,
              <lb/>
            che ſi raſſomiglia allo effetto, che ſanno i Delfini nel ſuo apparire fuori & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22270" xml:space="preserve">rittuffarſi nell’acqua; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22271" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22272" xml:space="preserve">è uero, et coſi come noi chiamamo gallo
              <lb/>
            quello ſtrumento, che apre che ſi uolge in una canna, et apre lauia all’acqua, che eſce di qualche uaſo, coſi quel delfino era uno ſtrumento, dalla
              <lb/>
            bocca delquale pendeuano le catene, lequal catene erano attaccate ad una per capo, laqual stanga era bilicata, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22273" xml:space="preserve">staua in uccello, come dicemo
              <lb/>
            noi, nel mezzo, ſopra una regola dritta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22274" xml:space="preserve">Nell’arca di rame era come un trammoggio riuerſo, alzato dal ſondo dell’arca tre dita con certi taſ-
              <lb/>
            ſelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22275" xml:space="preserve">queſto ſi ſaceua per tenir il trammoggio alzato dal ſondo dell’arca, accioche l’acqua ui poteſſe entrare di ſotto uia queſto trammoggio
              <lb/>
            non haueua fondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22276" xml:space="preserve">l’acqua, che era nell’arca, era poſta per premer l’aere, che entraua per alcune canne nel trammoggio, ſi come nelle piue
              <lb/>
            paſtorali ſi preme il cuoio, che rittiene il fiato, e coſi queſt’acqua oppreſſa dallo aere lo ſcacciaua conforza all’in ſu per una tromba, che era
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0276-05" xlink:href="note-0276-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            in capo del trammoggio laqual tromba, portaua lo fiato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22277" xml:space="preserve">lo ſpirito in una caſſetta della quale Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22278" xml:space="preserve">parla in queſto modo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22279" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22280" xml:space="preserve">Sopra la teſta gli è una caſſetta ben ſerrata, e congiunta che ſoſtenta il capo della machina detta il Canone muſicale,
              <lb/>
            nella cui longhezza ſi fanno quattro canali ſe lo ſttumento eſſer deue di quattro corde, ſei ſe di ſei, otto ſe di otto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22281" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            in ciaſcun canale poſti ſono i ſuoi bocchini rinchiuſi con manichi di ferro queſti manichi quando ſi torcono,
              <lb/>
            ò dan uolta, aprono le nari dall’arca ne i canali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22282" xml:space="preserve">da i canali il canone per trauerſo ha diſpoſti i ſuoi fori, ò buc-
              <lb/>
            chi, che riſpondono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22283" xml:space="preserve">s’incontrano nelle nari, che ſono nella tauola di ſopra, laqual tauola in Greco Pinax da
              <lb/>
            noi ſommiero è detta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22284" xml:space="preserve">Tra la tauola, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22285" xml:space="preserve">il regiſtro trappoſte ſono alcune regole, forate allo iſteſſo modo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22286" xml:space="preserve">unte
              <lb/>
            di oglio, accioche facilmente ſi ſpignino, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22287" xml:space="preserve">di nuouo ſiano tirate dentro, l’effetto di queſti è otturare i buc-
              <lb/>
            chi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22288" xml:space="preserve">perche ſono da i lati, però da Greci pleuritide fono detti, di queſte lo andar, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22289" xml:space="preserve">il ritorno ottura altri de que
              <lb/>
            fori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22290" xml:space="preserve">altri apre. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22291" xml:space="preserve">Similmente queſte regole hanno attaccati, è fitti i loro cerchielli di ſerro congiunti con le pin-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0276-06" xlink:href="note-0276-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            ne che taſti chiamamo, lequali quando toccati ſono mouono le regole. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22292" xml:space="preserve">Sopra la tauola contenuti ſono i bucchi per
              <lb/>
            lequali da i canali eſce il fiato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22293" xml:space="preserve">lo ſpirito. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22294" xml:space="preserve">Alle regole incollati ſono gli anelli, ne i quali rinchiuſe ſono le lenguelle
              <lb/>
            di tutti gli Organi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22295" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22296" xml:space="preserve">Bello Artificio è queſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22297" xml:space="preserve">degno di conſideratione, ſopra la canna del trammoggio nella teſta è congiunta una caſſetta di legno, queſta rice-
              <lb/>
            ue il fiato che uiene dalla tromba, ò canna del trammoggio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22298" xml:space="preserve">lo riſerua per mandarlo in alcuni canali fatti ſopra una regola larga al nu-
              <lb/>
            mero de i registri, queſti canali, che ſono per la longhezza del canone, hanno per trauerſo alcuni ſori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22299" xml:space="preserve">ſopra il compommento di que-
              <lb/>
            ſtaregola con i canali e fori ſuoi, ui è una tauola, che copre ogni coſa & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22300" xml:space="preserve">ſerra(diro coſi)per tutto, e copre il canone; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22301" xml:space="preserve">questa è detta il ſom-
              <lb/>
            miero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22302" xml:space="preserve">ha tanti fori nella ſoperficie ſua di ſopra, quanti ſono i fori ſatti ne i canali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22303" xml:space="preserve">ſi ſcontrano benisſimo; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22304" xml:space="preserve">queſti fori ſono fat-
              <lb/>
            ti ſecondo il numero delle canne, che ſuonano, lequal canne ſtanno dritte ne i bucchi del ſommiero; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22305" xml:space="preserve">hauendo noi adunque i canali forati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22306" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            la tauola forata con riſpondenti fori. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22307" xml:space="preserve">Interponemo alcune regole tra la tauola, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22308" xml:space="preserve">i canali, lequali paſſano da un lato all’altro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22309" xml:space="preserve">ſono ſi-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0276-07" xlink:href="note-0276-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            milmente forate con fori riſpondenti alli fori del canale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22310" xml:space="preserve">del ſommiero; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22311" xml:space="preserve">ma ſono fatte in modo, che calcando i loro manichi, che uenghi-
              <lb/>
            no in fuori ſi posſino riuolgere, et col ſuo uolgimento facciano rincõtrare i loro bucchi con i bucchi de i canali, et del ſommiero, accioche il fia-
              <lb/>
            to poſſa uſcir alle canne dell’organo, i manichi uer amente ſono come cadenazzi in forma di tre membri, hanno queſti manichi attaccati al-
              <lb/>
            cune anella, nelle quali ſi ſerrano le lenguelle di tutti i detti ſtrumenti, cioe di tutti i taſti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22312" xml:space="preserve">queſte lenguelle erano come pendole, ò di duro </s>
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