Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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          <pb o="28" file="0032" n="34" rhead="LIBRO."/>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2592" xml:space="preserve">Queſte coſe coſi deono eſſer diſpoſte, che ſi habbia riguardo alla ſtabilità loro, all’utile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2593" xml:space="preserve">alla bellezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2594" xml:space="preserve">Alla fermez-
              <lb/>
            za ſi riguarderà, quando le fabriche ſarãno ben fondate, et ſenza auaritia fatta ſarà elettlone della materia d’ogni ſor
              <lb/>
            te, che uerrà al propoſito. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2595" xml:space="preserve">Alla utilità ſi prouederà, quando ſenza impedimento al commodo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2596" xml:space="preserve">uſo de luoghi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2597" xml:space="preserve">ſen
              <lb/>
            za menda ſaranno le coſe diſpoſte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2598" xml:space="preserve">bene accõmodate ad ogni ragione. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2599" xml:space="preserve">Alla bellezza ſi ſatisfarà, quando con bella,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2600" xml:space="preserve">gioconda maniera dell’aſpetto la compartita miſura de i membri ſarà giuſta, eguale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2601" xml:space="preserve">proportionata.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2602" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2603" xml:space="preserve">Quelle coſe, che piaceno nell’opere, uengono ò uerò dall’ingegno, ò uerò dalle mani, ò dalla natura: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2604" xml:space="preserve">dallo ingegno uiene l’elettione, il compartimen-
              <lb/>
            to, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2605" xml:space="preserve">le ſei coſe dichiarate di ſopra. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2606" xml:space="preserve">Dalle mani il tagliare, ſegare, conficcare, polire, il dipignere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2607" xml:space="preserve">Dalla natura il peſo, la leggerezza, la den-
              <lb/>
            ſità ò uerò la rarità. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2608" xml:space="preserve">Tutte queſte coſe ſono abbracciate dalla edificatione, dalla regolata ragione de gli ſtili, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2609" xml:space="preserve">dalla mecanica, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2610" xml:space="preserve">mirabil coſa
              <lb/>
            è, à, chi ben conſidera le coſe dette nel primo Cap nel ſecondo, et nel terzo, il ueder quanto ogni coſa concorda, et riſponda, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2611" xml:space="preserve">ſi uede dalla dif-
              <lb/>
            finitione, dal naſcimento, dall’ufficio dell’Architettura, come è neceſſario l’ordine, la diſpoſitione, la bellezza, l’utilità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2612" xml:space="preserve">la uenuſtà, le quali tre
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0032-01" xlink:href="note-0032-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            coſe unitamẽte ſi deono hauere, perciò che non perfetta ſarebbe quell’opera, che util fuſſe per poco tempo, ò uerò che per molto non fuſſe com-
              <lb/>
            moda, ò uerò che niuna gratia conteneſſe, però Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2613" xml:space="preserve">nel ſecondo all’ottauo Cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2614" xml:space="preserve">nel terzo al ſecondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2615" xml:space="preserve">nel ſeguente Cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2616" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2617" xml:space="preserve">nel quinto del pre
              <lb/>
            ſente Lib. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2618" xml:space="preserve">nel quarto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2619" xml:space="preserve">undecimo del ſeſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2620" xml:space="preserve">in molti altri luoghi, ſecondo l’occaſione parla delle tre dette coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2621" xml:space="preserve">quando ragiona della ue-
              <lb/>
            nuſtà egli intende di quella gratia, che dalle proportioni procede, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2622" xml:space="preserve">non di quella bellezza, che nel ſettimo, è data à gli adornamenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2623" xml:space="preserve">pittu
              <lb/>
            re, perciò che la uera bellezza eſſer deue interna, propia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2624" xml:space="preserve">con l’opere nata, ma l’ adornamento è coſa esteriore, ſatta da poi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2625" xml:space="preserve">accidente del
              <lb/>
            la bellezza, come chiaramente nelle belle Donne di natura ſi uede, le quali alla natia uenusta aggiungono gli ornamenti eſteriori, la uenuſta pro
              <lb/>
            cede dalla intelligenza dell’Architetto, l’utilità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2626" xml:space="preserve">la ſermezza dal potere; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2627" xml:space="preserve">colui adunque ſar à le coſe utili, belle, et durabili, che ſa-
              <lb/>
            prà, uorrà, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2628" xml:space="preserve">potrà fare, come in ogni operatione ſi richiede.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2629" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div77" type="section" level="1" n="7">
          <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head6" xml:space="preserve">DELLA ELETTIONE DE I LVOGHI. sANI. ET DE I
            <lb/>
          CONTRARII ALLA SANITA CAP. IIII.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2630" xml:space="preserve">NEL fabricar le mura queſti principij ſi deono oſſeruare.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2631" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2632" xml:space="preserve">Hauendo Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2633" xml:space="preserve">ſondata la trattatione dell’Architettura ſopra i princi pij dichiar ati di ſopra, comincia hora à fabricar-
              <lb/>
            ui ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2634" xml:space="preserve">ſecondo la ſua diuiſione comincia à ragionar dell’opere publiche, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2635" xml:space="preserve">delle ſei coſe, che appartengono alla ſor-
              <lb/>
            ma tocca la diſtributione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2636" xml:space="preserve">il decoro naturale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2637" xml:space="preserve">delle tre che deue heuer ogni fabrica; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2638" xml:space="preserve">ragiona prima dell’utilità, perciò
              <lb/>
            che l’utilé precede alla duratione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2639" xml:space="preserve">la dur atione alla uenuſtà dell’opere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2640" xml:space="preserve">Sei coſe ſono; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2641" xml:space="preserve">come dice il dotto Leonbatiſta, da
              <lb/>
            eſſer conſiderate da chiuuol ſabricare, la prima è l’ampiezza di tutta la terra poſta d’intorno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2642" xml:space="preserve">la facciata doue ſi debbe
              <lb/>
            fabricare, detta Regione, la ſeconda è il campo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2643" xml:space="preserve">l’area, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2644" xml:space="preserve">lo ſpatio, et determinato della Regione, da eſſer con l’opera circondato, laterza è
              <lb/>
            il compartimento del detto ſpatio; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2645" xml:space="preserve">la quarta è tutto quello, che ſi leua dal piano, parete ò muro nominato, la quinta è tutto quello, che ci ſtà ſo-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0032-03" xlink:href="note-0032-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            pra il capo, ò che ci cuopre in qualunche modo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2646" xml:space="preserve">La ſeſta è l’apritura doue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2647" xml:space="preserve">le perſone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2648" xml:space="preserve">le coſe entrano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2649" xml:space="preserve">eſcono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2650" xml:space="preserve">Vitruuio comincia à di-
              <lb/>
            re della Regione cio è della elettione de i luoghi ſani, perche gran forza, et uirtù é poſta nella natura de luoghi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2651" xml:space="preserve">dell’aere, come quello, che da
              <lb/>
            noi non ſi puote ſeparare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2652" xml:space="preserve">il luogo é come padre della generatione, in quanto da eſſo con le qualità del cielo ogni coſa procede, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2653" xml:space="preserve">però le co
              <lb/>
            ſe naturalmẽte piu ſi conſeruano ne i propi luoghi, doue eſſe naſceno, che altroue, della Regione adunque primieramẽte ſi ragiona. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2654" xml:space="preserve">Noi con bre
              <lb/>
            ue, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2655" xml:space="preserve">utile diuiſione proponeremo tutta la preſente materia ſotto uno aſpetto ſpedito, et prõto, dalche manifeſto ſi render i quello, che ne dice
              <lb/>
            Vittr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2656" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2657" xml:space="preserve">ſe alcuna coſa dubbia, ò uerò aſcoſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2658" xml:space="preserve">difficile ſi trouer à nello Autore, ci sforzeremo di darle luce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2659" xml:space="preserve">ſacilità, non uagando in co-
              <lb/>
            ſe, che utili non ſieno allo intendimento dell’Autore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2660" xml:space="preserve">La Regione conticne alcune qualità, delle quali altre ſono paleſe, altre naſcoſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2661" xml:space="preserve">Delle
              <lb/>
            paleſi alcune ſono ree, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2662" xml:space="preserve">queſte ſi cognoſcono per le buone. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2663" xml:space="preserve">Alcune ſono buone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2664" xml:space="preserve">di queste altre ci ſerueno al commodo come è il paeſe abbon
              <lb/>
            dante di acque, di frutti, di grani, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2665" xml:space="preserve">di paſcoli, che ha buoni uicini, porti, entrate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2666" xml:space="preserve">commodo al contrattare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2667" xml:space="preserve">condurre le merci. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2668" xml:space="preserve">Altre ue-
              <lb/>
            ramente ſono buone alla ſanità, ſi perche hanno l’acque mobili, lucide, non uiſcoſe, ſenza qualità di odore, ſapore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2669" xml:space="preserve">colore, ſi anche perche, i,
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0032-04" xlink:href="note-0032-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            uenti non uengono troppo freddi, troppo caldi, ò da luoghi inſetti, ſimilmente ſe la temperatura ſar à alquanto humida, et dolce cioè tempera-
              <lb/>
            ta dopo la quale, è, piu ſana la fredda, et ſe lo aere ſarà puro, purgato, peruio alla uiſta, mobile, et uniforme, et il Sole non cuocerà troppo, ò non
              <lb/>
            ſarà troppo lontano, ma potr à col ſuo calore digerire le fredde aure matutine. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2670" xml:space="preserve">Le naſcoſe qualità poſſono eſſere buone, et ree, le ree ſi cono-
              <lb/>
            ſcono per le contrarie delle buone, et le buone ſi attendono da gli animali grandi, gagliardi ſaporiti di carne, et di fegato buono, et da gli huomi-
              <lb/>
            ni quando dell’uno, et dell’altro ſeſſo ſono copioſi, et belli, quando uiueno ſani, et lungamente, et che ſono coloriti, et gagliardi, et di compleſ-
              <lb/>
            ſione temperata, et dalle piante, quando ſon belle ben nutrite, non offeſe da i uenti, et non ſono di quelle, che naſcono in luoghi paludoſi, ò ſtra-
              <lb/>
            ni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2671" xml:space="preserve">dalle coſe Diuine, come dal Genio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2672" xml:space="preserve">buona ſortuna del luogo, e dalle naturali, quando le coſe ſi conſeruano, le merce, i ſrutti, dalle
              <lb/>
            artiſicioſe quando gli edificijnon ſono corroſi da i uenti ò dalla ſalſugine. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2673" xml:space="preserve">Questa è la ſomma delle coſe pertinenti all’elettione de i luoghi ſani
              <lb/>
            però dice Vitruuio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2674" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2675" xml:space="preserve">Nel fabricare le mura queſti ſono principij, primieramente la elettione de luoghi ſani, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2676" xml:space="preserve">queſti ſono glialti, eleuati,
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0032-05" xlink:href="note-0032-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            non nebuloſi, ne carichi di freddi uapori, ma che riguardino quelle parti del Cielo, che nè troppo calde ſono, nè trop-
              <lb/>
            po fredde, ma temperate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2677" xml:space="preserve">Dipoi, che lontane ſieno da paludi, perche alla Città col naſcente Sole uenendo l’aure ma-
              <lb/>
            tutine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2678" xml:space="preserve">con quelle aggiugnendoſi le nate nebbie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2679" xml:space="preserve">i fiati delle beſtie paluſtri meſcolati ne i corpi mandando i ue
              <lb/>
            lenoſi uapori, faranno il luogo peſtilente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2680" xml:space="preserve">mal ſano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2681" xml:space="preserve">Anchora ſe appreſſo il mare ſaranno le mura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2682" xml:space="preserve">riguarderan
              <lb/>
            no al merigge, ò uero all’Occidente, non ſaranno i luoghi ſalubri, perche nella ſtate l’area, che è uerſo il merigge na-
              <lb/>
            ſcẽdo il Sole ſi riſcalda, nel mezzodì arde, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2683" xml:space="preserve">ſimilmẽte l’aere, che è uerſo il Ponẽte naſcẽdo il Sole s’intepidiſce, ſalẽdo
              <lb/>
            al mezzodi ſi riſcalda, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2684" xml:space="preserve">cadendo abbrugia; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2685" xml:space="preserve">là onde per le mutationi del freddo i corpi, che ſono in quei
              <lb/>
            luoghi, s’infermano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2686" xml:space="preserve">queſto ſi può uedere nelle coſe inanimate, perciò che nelle cãtine coperte niuno prẽde il lume
              <lb/>
            dal mezzodì, nè dal Ponente, ma dal Settentrione, imperò che quella parte à tempo alcuno mutata non ſi uede, ma
              <lb/>
            è ferma ſempre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2687" xml:space="preserve">immutabile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2688" xml:space="preserve">però i grãnari, che riguardano il corſo del Sole, preſto mutano la bontà loro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2689" xml:space="preserve">le
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0032-06" xlink:href="note-0032-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            coſe da mangiare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2690" xml:space="preserve">i frutti che non ſono alla parte oppoſta al corſo del Sole non ſi conſeruano lungameute, perche
              <lb/>
            ſempre il calore cocendo alcuna coſa perfettamente leua la fermezza delle coſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2691" xml:space="preserve">con i feruenti uapori ſugge le uir-
              <lb/>
            tù naturali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2692" xml:space="preserve">le diſcioglie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2693" xml:space="preserve">quelle perlo caldo ammollite ſi fannodebili, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2694" xml:space="preserve">impotenti, corne ſi uede nel ferro, il qua
              <lb/>
            le, bẽche ſia di natura forte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2695" xml:space="preserve">duro, pure nelle ſornaci dal fuoco riſcaldato, s’ammolliſce in modo, che in ogni for-
              <lb/>
            ma ſi puote ageuolmente piegare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2696" xml:space="preserve">fabricare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2697" xml:space="preserve">lo ſteſſo eſſendo molle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2698" xml:space="preserve">rouente poſto nell’acqua fredda ſi rindu-
              <lb/>
            ra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2699" xml:space="preserve">nella primiera ſua propietà ritorna. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2700" xml:space="preserve">Egli ſi può anchora conſiderare coſi eſſere da che nel tempo dell’eſtate
              <lb/>
            tutti i corpi per lo caldo s’indebiliſcono, non tanto ne i luoghi peſtilenti, quanto ne i ſani; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2701" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2702" xml:space="preserve">per lo contrario nel uer
              <lb/>
            no, quantunque le regioni ſieno molto mal ſane, diuentano però ſane, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2703" xml:space="preserve">habitabili, perciò che i freddi le fortificano
              <lb/>
            grandemente. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2704" xml:space="preserve">Simigliantemente ſi uede, che i corpi da i freddi luoghi in calde parti trapportati poco durano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2705" xml:space="preserve">ſi di-
              <lb/>
            ſciolgono; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2706" xml:space="preserve">ma quelli, che ſono di caldi paeſi ſtando ſotto il Settentrione, che è luogo freddo, non ſolamente non ſi
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0032-07" xlink:href="note-0032-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            infermano mutando luogo, ma ſi confermano; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2707" xml:space="preserve">per il che nel porre le mura della Città molto bene egli ſi deue auuer-
              <lb/>
            tire di ſchiuar quelle parti, che poſſono i caldi fiati ſpargere ne i cotpi humani, Perche da queì principij, che chia-
              <lb/>
            mano elementi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2708" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2709" xml:space="preserve">Fin qui Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2710" xml:space="preserve">con eſſempi ha prouato quanto nociui ſieno i luoghi ſottopoſti al calore del Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2711" xml:space="preserve">ſi hà laſciato molto bene intendere inconfor-
              <lb/>
            mità di molti antichi, i quali hanno ſopra ciò ſcritto, ſeguita poi à dimoſtrare le ſue predette concluſionicon ragione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2712" xml:space="preserve">cauſe naturali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2713" xml:space="preserve">di-
              <lb/>
            chiara non eſſer in eſperto della Filoſofia; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2714" xml:space="preserve">diſcorre adunque, acciò che dal diſcorſo ne uenghi la fabrica. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2715" xml:space="preserve">Leggi Leonbatiſta al terzo, </s>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>