Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3074" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="32" file="0036" n="38" rhead="LIBRO."/>
            piu preſto in difeſa del nimico, che del cittadion. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3075" xml:space="preserve">Ma la groſſezza del muro ſi deue fare in modo, che gli huomini arma
              <lb/>
            ti ſcontrandoſi l’uno con l’altro ſenza impedimento posſino paſſare, pure che nella groſſezza del muro le taglie di
              <lb/>
            Oliuaſtro bruſtolate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3076" xml:space="preserve">incaſtrate ſpesſisſime poſte ſieno, acciò che amendue le fronti del muro tra ſe come Fibbie,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3077" xml:space="preserve">chiaui con queſti pezzi tagliati inſieme legate durino eternamente, imperò che à ſimile materia, nè pioggie impe-
              <lb/>
            tuoſe, nè tarli, nè uecchiezza poſſono fare nocumẽto alcuno, ma & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3078" xml:space="preserve">in terra ſepolta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3079" xml:space="preserve">poſta in acqua dura fenza dan
              <lb/>
            no in ſempiterno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3080" xml:space="preserve">però nõ ſolamẽte nel muro, ma nelle fondamenta ogni parete, che ſi farà della groſſezza del mu
              <lb/>
            ro, ſe con queſta ragione ſarà legato, non ſi potrà di leggieri intaccare, ne uitiare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3081" xml:space="preserve">Gli ſpatij da Torre à Torre nõ ſieno
              <lb/>
            piu lõtani, che un tirar d’arco, perciò che ſe da una parte ſarà la Torre battuta, dalle Torri, che ſarãno da l’una, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3082" xml:space="preserve">l’al-
              <lb/>
            tra parte cõ baleſtre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3083" xml:space="preserve">altri ſaettamẽti ſieno i nimici ſcacciati. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3084" xml:space="preserve">Etanchora per lo cõtrario il muro di dentro delle Tor
              <lb/>
            ri, deue eſſer diuiſo con interualli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3085" xml:space="preserve">ſpatij tanto grandi quanto ſaranno le Torri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3086" xml:space="preserve">le uie ſieno conle parti interiori
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0036-01" xlink:href="note-0036-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            delle Torri di traui cõtinuate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3087" xml:space="preserve">congiunte, nè però ſieno alcuni chiodi, ò ferramenti da i capi cõficcati, perche quan
              <lb/>
            do, i, nimici dalla parte di fuori haueranno preſa alcuna parte del muro, quelli che ſaranno alle difeſe potranno taglia
              <lb/>
            re le dette uie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3088" xml:space="preserve">ſe faranno preſti nõ laſcieranno paſſare i nimici all’altra parte delle Torri, ò uero della muraglia, ſe
              <lb/>
            forſe quelli nõ uorranno andare in precipitio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3089" xml:space="preserve">Biſogna adunque far le Torri, ò uero di forma ritonda, ò uero di molti
              <lb/>
            anguli, però che le quadrate di leggieri ſi gettano à terra dalle machine, perche gli Arieti urtando rompono le canto-
              <lb/>
            nate, ma nelle ritonde ſpignendole uerſo il centro come cunei non le poſſono offendere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3090" xml:space="preserve">Appreſſo di queſto le difeſe
              <lb/>
            delle muraglie, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3091" xml:space="preserve">delle Torri cõgiunte à gli argini, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3092" xml:space="preserve">Terrapieni grandemente ſicure ſono, imperò che nè gli Arieti,
              <lb/>
            ne le Mine, nè altri inſtrumenti li poſſono fare offeſa: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3093" xml:space="preserve">ma nõ in ogni luogo ſi richiede l’argine, ma ſolamente la doue
              <lb/>
            dal di fuori da luogo alto à piede piano ſi può uenire à oppugnare la Città, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3094" xml:space="preserve">però in tai luoghi biſogna prima caua
              <lb/>
            re le foſſe di larghezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3095" xml:space="preserve">di altezza grandisſima, dapoi eſſer deue il fondamento del muro deppreſſo, &</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3096" xml:space="preserve">calcato tra
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0036-02" xlink:href="note-0036-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            lo alueo della foſſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3097" xml:space="preserve">fatto di quella groſſezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3098" xml:space="preserve">che egli poſſa facilmente ſoſtenere il carico dell’opera terrena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3099" xml:space="preserve">an
              <lb/>
            chora dalla parte della fabrica di dentro uerſo la terra deueſi fare il fondamento per ampio ſpatio diſtante da quel di
              <lb/>
            fuori inmodo, che le compagnie posſino come in ordinanza nelle difeſe fermarſi ſopra la larghezza dell’argine; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3100" xml:space="preserve">ma
              <lb/>
            poi, che in queſto modo diſtanti l’uno dall’altro fatte ſaranno le fondamenta, all’hora biſogna per lo trauerſo farne
              <lb/>
            de gli altri, che congiunti ſieno col fondamento di dentro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3101" xml:space="preserve">conil fondamento di fuori, diſpoſti come pettini a gui-
              <lb/>
            ſa de i denti d’una ſega, perciò che quando in queſta maniera ſarà fabricato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3102" xml:space="preserve">fondato il muro, all’hora ſene hauerà
              <lb/>
            queſto commodo, che la grandezza del peſo in picciole parti ſeparata, non calcando con tutto il carico, nõ potrà per
              <lb/>
            modo alcuno rallentare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3103" xml:space="preserve">far uſcir dal ſuo luogo di ſotto alcuna coſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3104" xml:space="preserve">Ma della muraglia, di che materia far ſi cõuen
              <lb/>
            ga non ſi deue in queſto luogo altrimenti determinare, perciò che nõ ſi può per tutto hauer quella copia di coſe, che
              <lb/>
            ſi deſidera; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3105" xml:space="preserve">ma doue ſaranno i ſasſi di lati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3106" xml:space="preserve">di anguli eguali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3107" xml:space="preserve">di piana ſuperficie, che quadrati ſi chiamano, ò uero
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0036-03" xlink:href="note-0036-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            il ſilice, ò uero il cimento, ò uero il matone cotto, ò crudo, queſte coſe ſi deono uſare, perche non ſi può in tutte le par
              <lb/>
            ti del mondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3108" xml:space="preserve">in tutte le nature de i luoghi, perche i muri durino eternamente ſenza difetto; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3109" xml:space="preserve">adoperar quello che
              <lb/>
            copioſamente uiene in Babilonia, doue in luogo di calze, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3110" xml:space="preserve">di arena, ſi uſa il bitume liquido, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3111" xml:space="preserve">di quello, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3112" xml:space="preserve">di cotto
              <lb/>
            matone è fatto il muro della Città.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3113" xml:space="preserve"/>
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            <s xml:id="echoid-s3114" xml:space="preserve">Leggi il terzo Cap. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3115" xml:space="preserve">dell’Ottauo Libro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3116" xml:space="preserve">qui conſidera la figura deſcritta, che bene darà ad intendere quanto Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3117" xml:space="preserve">commanda, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3118" xml:space="preserve">ſi uede i pre-
              <lb/>
            cetti de gli antichi non eſſer molto lontani da i noſtri, come ho detto diſopra, il resto è ſtato ancho aβai copioſamente dichiarato di ſopra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s3119" xml:space="preserve"/>
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          <figure number="11">
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