Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div312" type="section" level="2" n="63">
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9481" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="106" file="514.01.138" n="138" rhead="LIBER"/>
              ne pro rata conſtituantur contracturæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9482" xml:space="preserve">Hæ autem propter altitudinis interuallum ſcandentis oculi
                <lb/>
              ſpeciem fallunt, quamobrem adijciuntur craſsitudinibus tem peraturæ . </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9483" xml:space="preserve">Venuſtatem enim perſequi-
                <lb/>
              tur uiſus, cuius ſi non blandimur uoluptati proportione, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9484" xml:space="preserve">modulorum adiectionibus, uti id, in quo
                <lb/>
              fallitur, temperationeadugeatur, uaſtus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9485" xml:space="preserve">inuenuſtus conſpicientibus remittetur aſpectus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9486" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9487" xml:space="preserve">Obſeruandum est uenuſtatem columnas habere, ſi tenuiores in ſummo ſint, quàm imo, hanc uero tenuita-
                <lb/>
              tem non ſolum efficere altitudinem, ipſa ſuapte natura , ſed etiam arte constitui oportere, oſtendit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9488" xml:space="preserve">eam
                <lb/>
              uocat contracturam, quoniam columnæ in ſummo ab ima craſſitudine, quaſi contrahi uidentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9489" xml:space="preserve">Obſeruandum
                <lb/>
              est tamen quo altiores columnæ ſunt, eo minus eſſe contrahendas, nam ipſa ( ut dixi) altudo ſuapte natura
                <lb/>
              contractionis ſpeciem quandam facit, qua
                <unsure/>
              madmodum optices ratio demonſtrat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9490" xml:space="preserve">Ratio autem contracturæ ab
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.138-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.138-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              ipſa rerum natura deſumpta est. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9491" xml:space="preserve">graciliores enim res naſcentes, ac tenuiores ſunt, quo magis a terra eriguntur,
                <lb/>
              quod & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9492" xml:space="preserve">in arboribus obſeruatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9493" xml:space="preserve">Habent etiam in medio columnæ adiectionem quandam, ſic enim uidentur
                <lb/>
              pondera ſuſtinere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9494" xml:space="preserve">in medio tumorem quendam facere , quam Græcientaſin uocant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9495" xml:space="preserve">Regulæ autem contra-
                <lb/>
              cturæ ſunt, hæc, ita diſpoſitæ.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9496" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <handwritten number="24"/>
            <handwritten number="25"/>
            <handwritten number="26"/>
            <handwritten number="27"/>
            <handwritten number="28"/>
            <note position="right" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Columnæ altitudinis. # Scapus imus erit partium. # contractura ſummi ſcapi.
              <lb/>
            Ad XV. pedes. # VI. # V.
              <lb/>
              <lb/>
            Ad XX. pedes. # VI. s # V. s
              <lb/>
              <lb/>
            Ad XXX. pedes. # VII. # VI.
              <lb/>
              <lb/>
            Ad XL. pedes. # VII. s # VI. s
              <lb/>
              <lb/>
            Ad L. Pedes. # VIII. # VII.
              <lb/>
              <lb/>
            </note>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9497" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">De</emph>
              adiectione, quæ adijcitur in medijs columnis, quæ apud Græcos entaſis appellatur, in extremo
                <lb/>
              libro erit formata ratio eius, quemadmodum mollis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9498" xml:space="preserve">conueniens efficiatur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9499" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9500" xml:space="preserve">Promiſſam habemus a Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9501" xml:space="preserve">deſcriptionem adiectionis eius, quæ in medijs columnis adijcitur, puto ego eã
                <lb/>
              iudicio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9502" xml:space="preserve">dexteritate quadam artificis, potius quàm regula contineri. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9503" xml:space="preserve">mollis enim & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9504" xml:space="preserve">conueniens fieri debet,
                <lb/>
              quare ad hoc inſtrumento quodam flexibili opus eſſe iudico.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9505" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div329" type="section" level="2" n="64">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head65" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De fundationibus, & columnis, atque earum ornatu, & epiſtylijs,
              <lb/>
            tam in locis ſolidis quàm in congeſtitijs. # Cap. III.</head>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9506" xml:space="preserve">SVbſtructionis fundationes eorum operum, fodiantur ( ſi queant inueniri, ) ab ſolido, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9507" xml:space="preserve">in
                <lb/>
              ſolidum, quantum ex amplitudine operis pro ratione uidebitur, extruantur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9508" xml:space="preserve">quæ ſtructu-
                <lb/>
              ra per totum ſolum quàm ſolidiſsima fiat.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9509" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9510" xml:space="preserve">Poſtquam de ijs rebus actum eſt, quæ ad aſpectum pertinebant, tum confuſe, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9511" xml:space="preserve">uniuerſali qua-
                <lb/>
              dam ratione, tum etiam diſtinctiori quodam modo, ne ædes per ſe ſubſistere quis credat, de fundationibus ea-
                <lb/>
              rum loquitur Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9512" xml:space="preserve">atque ita ordinatim, ( ut dixi ) a fundamentis uſque ad ſummũ tectum peruenit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9513" xml:space="preserve">hoc igitur
                <lb/>
              quarto capite de fundationibus, baſibus, columnarum ornamentis, deq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9514" xml:space="preserve">epistylijs, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9515" xml:space="preserve">faſtigijs templorum Io-
                <lb/>
              nico genere conſtructorum, præcepta tradit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9516" xml:space="preserve">Substructionis fundationes ita fieri debere ostendit, ut finem re-
                <lb/>
              ſpiciamus, ad quem inuentæ ſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9517" xml:space="preserve">Iacimus enim fundamenta, ut ædes firmæ ſint, ac permanentes, quod ſi fun-
                <lb/>
              dationes firmæ non erunt, quomodo firmitatem habebunt ædificia? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9518" xml:space="preserve">ut igitur firma ſint, oportet ſolum ſolidum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.138-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.138-05a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              eſſe, atque ita excauari, ut inueniatur ſolidum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9519" xml:space="preserve">oportet etiam latiores eſſe ſubſtructiones, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9520" xml:space="preserve">ampliorem lo-
                <lb/>
              cum occupare, quàm quæ ſupra terram struuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9521" xml:space="preserve">Ita enim fiet, ut ſoliditate ſoli, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9522" xml:space="preserve">amplitudine fundamen-
                <lb/>
              ti quicquid ſuperſtruxeris ſedem habeat oneri aptam, firmam, ſolidamq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9523" xml:space="preserve">. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9524" xml:space="preserve">Imitabimur quoque rerum natu-
                <lb/>
                <figure xlink:label="fig-514.01.138-01" xlink:href="fig-514.01.138-01a" number="28">
                  <image file="514.01.138-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/514.01.138-01"/>
                </figure>
              ram, quæ ſolidis radicibus, amplisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9525" xml:space="preserve">in arboribus innixa,
                <lb/>
              truncos parte inferiori craſſiores facit, quàm in ſuperiori.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9526" xml:space="preserve">Solum igitur in quo fundationes fiunt, aut ſolidum natura-
                <lb/>
              le, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9527" xml:space="preserve">firmum erit; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9528" xml:space="preserve">aut molle, congeſtitium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9529" xml:space="preserve">tenerum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9530" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              Diuerſo modo in utroque ſubſtruendum eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9531" xml:space="preserve">nam in ſolido
                <lb/>
              excauabis, foßamq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9532" xml:space="preserve">duces ita amplam, vt ratio operis
                <lb/>
              poſtulabit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9533" xml:space="preserve">Ipſamq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9534" xml:space="preserve">planam efficies, ne ex una parte po-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.138-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.138-06a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              tius, quàm ex alia inclinet fabricæ pondus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9535" xml:space="preserve">ſi molle erit
                <lb/>
              ſolum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9536" xml:space="preserve">congeſtitium, aut id in ſuperficie, aut depreſ-
                <lb/>
              ſius erit tenerum, ſi in ſuperficie, eò uſque excauabis do-
                <lb/>
              nec ſolidum inueni us
                <unsure/>
              , ſi in profundum abibit, palificatio-
                <lb/>
              nes crebræ faciendæ ſunt , ſolumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9537" xml:space="preserve">crebris fiſtucationibus
                <lb/>
              ſolidandum eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9538" xml:space="preserve">Fundamentum ſubſtructio dicitur, quæ eſt
                <lb/>
              quicquid ſub terra ſtruitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9539" xml:space="preserve">Substructio (ut dixi) ex par-
                <lb/>
              te inferiori, amplior eſſe debet, deinde minor fieri paula-
                <lb/>
              tim. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9540" xml:space="preserve">Foſſæ amplitudo Architecti iudicio relinquitur pro
                <lb/>
              ratione operis facienda , ſoliq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9541" xml:space="preserve">natura, nam ſæpe euenire
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.138-07" xlink:href="note-514.01.138-07a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              potest in amplißimis ædificijs, templis, pontibusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s9542" xml:space="preserve">ut </s>
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