Vitruvius Pollio, I dieci libri dell?architettura, 1567

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                <p type="head">
                  <s id="s.002789">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Delle fondationi, & delle colonne, & loro ornamenti, &
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                  di gli Architraui tanto ne i luoghi ſodi, quanto
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                  ne i moſsi, & aggrumati. </s>
                  <s id="s.002790">Cap. III.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.002791">LE fondationi delle opere ſopradette di quanto ſottera ſi ha da fare, ſi deo­
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                  no cauare, ſe trouar ſi poſſono, dal ſodo, & poi nel ſodo, quanto ci pare­
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                  rà per la grandezza dell'opera, ſiano fatte, & quella fabrica, o ſtruttura per
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                  tutto il ſuolo quanto piu ſi faccia ſodiſsima: & ſopra terra ſi facciano i muret­
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                  ti ſotto le colonne per la metà piu groſsi di quello, che ſaranno le colonne: accioche le
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                  parti di ſotto ſiano piu ferme delle parti di ſopra (& queſti ſi poſſono chiamare Stereo­
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                  bata, quaſi ferme piante, perche ſoſtentano il peſo di tutto lo edificio) oltra di queſto
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                  gli ſporti delle ſpire, o delle baſe non deono uſcire dal ſodo: & allo iſteſſo modo deue
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                  eſſere ſeruata la groſſezza del muro, ma bene gli ſpacij deono eſſer fatti a uolte, ouero
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                  ſianolbene raſſodati, & battuti, accioche ſiano bene rattenuti, & fermi. </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.002792">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Hauendo Vitruuio trattato di quelle coſe, che da lontano in confuſo, & di quelle, che piu di
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                  ſtintamente, & d'appreſſo uedemo, accioche non paia, che ſiano ſolamente nello aere, &
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                  che non habbiano piede, egli uuole trattare delle fondamenta di quelle, & con bell'ordine dal
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                  fondamento peruiene fino alla cima, facendo naſcere, & creſcere la fabrica. </s>
                  <s id="s.002793">Primieramente
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                  adunque egli ci mostra quello, che deue ſtare ſotto le fabriche, & uucle, che imitiamo la na­
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                  tura, che ne gli alberi fa le parti inferiori piu groſſe, che le ſuperiori: percioche meglio ſi ſo­
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                  ſtentano i peſi, & i carichi grandi. </s>
                  <s id="s.002794">Il piano adunque, doue ſi deue fabricare, è ouero duro, ſo­
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                  do, & naturale, ouero tenero, molle, & di terreno portato & moſſo. </s>
                  <s id="s.002795">diuerſamente ſi deue
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                  fondare nell'uno, & nell'altro: perche doue trouerai la terra ſoda, iui cauerai per fondare.
                    <lb/>
                  </s>
                  <s id="s.002796">& farai la foſſa tanto larga, quanto porta la ragione dell'opera, che dei fare. </s>
                  <s id="s.002797">ſe il ter­
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                  reno ſarà molle, o ſarà tale nella ſoperficie, ouero profonderà molto: ſe è nella ſoperficie, ca­
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                  ua inſino, che troui il ſodo, ſe profonderà, biſognerà farle una palificata ben battuta, &
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                  raſſodata. </s>
                  <s id="s.002798">Il fondamento è detto ſubstructione, che altro non e, che la fabrica, che ſi fa ſot­
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                  terra, fin che ſi ueda. </s>
                  <s id="s.002799">Hora queſta fondatione deue eſſer di ſotto larga, & piu che aſcen­
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                  de, piu ſi ua reſtringendo. </s>
                  <s id="s.002800">Deueſi cauare il terreno della foſſa egualmente, & il fondo deue eſ­
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                  ſer piano, & eguale per tutto, accioche il peſo della fabrica lo prema egualmente, nè i pareti fac­
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                  ciano danno, o ſegno alcuno. </s>
                  <s id="s.002801">Le larghezze delle foſſe per le fondamenta ſi deono fare dal giudi­
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                  cio dell' Architetto, ſecondo le groſſezze delle mura, le grandezze delle fabriche, & le quali­
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                  tà de i terreni: perche puo uenire occaſione o nel fare un gran palazzo, o un Tempio, ouero
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                  un ponte, che ſi facciano le fondamenta intiere continuate per tutto il piano, di ſotto con per­
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                  petua muratura. </s>
                  <s id="s.002802">Quando al pari del piano hauerai leuato la ſottomuratura, & il fondamento
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                  dei leuare alcuni muretti, che ſi chiamano Stereobati, & altroue ſtilobati, quaſi ſodi, &
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                  fermi piedi delle colonne: benche altroue Stereobata uoglian dire il baſamento di tutta la fabri­
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                  ca, che in alcuni edificij, è fatto a ſcarpa. </s>
                  <s id="s.002803">ma che quiui intenda il piedeſtalo, ſi uede per quel­
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                  le parole.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  {
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  & ſotto terra ſi facciano i muretti ſotto le colonne.
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  }
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  cioè quando la fabrica co
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                  mincia a ſcoprirſi, & uederſi. </s>
                  <s id="s.002804">I muretti ſotto le colonne altro non ſono, che i piedeſtali,
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                  che ſi doueriano dire piedeſtili, cioè piedi delle colonne, che ſarebbe parola compoſta del Gre
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                  co, & del uolgare. </s>
                  <s id="s.002805">ma parliamo ſecondo l'uſo. </s>
                  <s id="s.002806">queſti adunque doueriano eſſer piu groſſi per la
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                  metà del fuſto delle colonne da baſſo. </s>
                  <s id="s.002807">ecco la ragione. </s>
                  <s id="s.002808">La ſpira, & baſa della colonna non iſpor
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                  ta piu in fuori per lo piu, che la metà della groſſezza della colonna, cioè per un quarto da un
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                  lato, & per un quar to dall'altro; & queſto nella Dorica: perche lo ſporto della baſa Ionica ſi
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
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