Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

Table of figures

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[Figure 101]
[102] FRONTE.
[103] A
[104] Græcorum ædes earumq́; partium diſpoſitiones.A. peristylium amplum.E. peristylium primum.C. aditus amplus.D. aditus ab uno ad aliudperiſtylium.E. proſtas ubi eraut duæ antæ.F. G. Antithalamus.H. I. gynæconitides.K. cu-bicuUmdiebria.L. S. oeci,& bibliotecæ,& ubi ſunt pictores.M. R. pinacotbecæ.N. cyzicena triclinia.O. porticus ad ſeptentrionem.P. cellæ hostiariæ.Q. oeci quadrati.T. V. porticus ad triclinia cizcena.X. hypæthra loca.r. oeci magni ubi matres familiarũ cum lanificijs habent ſeſſiones.Z. hoſpitalia.1. thirorium.2. Equilia.3. cubicula.4. meſaulæ & andronæ.5. triclinia quo-tidiana.6. posthalamus.7. thalamus.8. porticus Rhodiaca altior. T QVNMRN8SALKICHXYYFEG76B543O32P21
[105] Pauimentorum genera.Filandri.Anticum.
[106] c d f b c 8
[107] CHOROBATES.2 I 3 2
[108] d 10 10 a d 50 50 50 c 50 ba s d s 7 {1/14} 25 s b ce 8 8 10 84 f hm 5 43 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 53 5 4
[109] Figura ex meſolabio Architæ ad inueniendas medias.c t @ @ q p o n m l k l h g f p e o ξ v M @ k I o h j ε δ r B d s R q P o N M L K I H G F E L x c 6 N ς ε ξ γ B a
[110] Veſtigium meſolabij Architæ.
[111] Orthographia meſolabij Architæ.
[112] Demonſtratio Eratoſtbenis. a g t cb f b d
[113] Instrumentum Eratoſthenis. m a x g n b c n i o l v q p b e f k d
[114] Vſ{us} demonſtratio Eratoſtbenis cum inſtrumento. a h n ek l i o d b 8 m c 4
[115] Inſtrumentum Platonis. f i n o m
[116] cubus. 8 8 64 8 8 8 8 512 8s e
[117] Demonstratio Archita. p l k b o i m b e d af
[118] Demonctration Platonis. d e b c g
[119] Demostratio ter tiæ proprietatis, & aſſumptionis Nicomedis.instrumentum Nicomedis. f h d g b s n m k a
[120] Duplicatio cubi. e a b c d f g
[121] Dimonctratio prrima proprie tatis. s n m l k
[122] Vſus inſtrume ti Nicomedis & eius demő ſtratio. l e b c g f a k h i
[123] h
[124] b d c e f g
[125] a b c e d
[126] Secunda proprietas lineæ flexæ.f n e b g i d m k c
[127] a. centrum mundi.b. oculus in ſuperficie terræc. ſydus.d. uertex.b c a. angulus diuerſitatis. c d 6 a
[128] a b deferens.c. deferentis centrum.d e. epicyclus.a. centrum epicycli.f. mundi centrum.a. iugum deferentis.b. antiiugum.d. iugum epicycli. d a e c s b
[129] a b g. concentricum.d. eius centrum.e z b. eccentricum.t. eius centrum.k z. epicyclus.b. eius centrum.d t. b z. œquales.t z. d b. œquales.motus { concentrici b d a. \\ epicycli k b z. \\ eccentrici z t e. \\ anguli œquales Sol utroque modo uidetur in z. per li-neam d z. e a t d b z b k
[130] a b g. eccentricum.d. eius centrum.e. centrum mundi.a d g. linea ingi.b. centrm Solis.e z. linea medij motus parallela li-neœ b d.c b. linea ueri motus.b e z. angulus œquatio. z b a d e
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div388" type="section" level="2" n="69">
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11108" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="131" file="514.01.163" n="163" rhead="QVARTVS."/>
              phos fiunt, æque longas eſſe, quàm altas, contraq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11109" xml:space="preserve">in angulares columnas triglyphi in extremis par-
                <lb/>
              tibus conſtituuntur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11110" xml:space="preserve">non contra medios tetrantes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11111" xml:space="preserve">Ita metopæ, quæ proxime ad angulares trigly-
                <lb/>
              phos
                <unsure/>
              fiunt, non exeunt quadratæ,ſed oblongiores triglyphis dimidia latitudine. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11112" xml:space="preserve">Atqui metopas æ qua-
                <lb/>
              les uolunt facere, intercolumnia extrema contrahunt triglyphi dimidia altitudine. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11113" xml:space="preserve">Hoc autem ſiue in
                <lb/>
              metoparum longitudinibus, ſiue intercolumniorum contractionibus efficiatur, eſt mendoſum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11114" xml:space="preserve">Qua-
                <lb/>
              propter antiqui euitare uiſi ſuntin ædibus ſacris Doricæ ſymmetriæ rationem.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11115" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11116" xml:space="preserve">Cum uelit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11117" xml:space="preserve">rationem Doricam explicare, difficultatem quandam antiquorum Architectorum nobis
                <lb/>
              proponit, ut magis attentiores ſimus ad ea, quæ dicendaſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11118" xml:space="preserve">Damnabant nonnulli Doricam ſymmetriam
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.163-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.163-01a" xml:space="preserve">01</note>
              in ſacris ædibus, non ideo quia forma diſpliceret, uel inuenuſta eſſet, ſed quoniam triglypborum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11119" xml:space="preserve">metoparum
                <lb/>
              diſtributio mendoſa erat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11120" xml:space="preserve">Nos ſupra uidimus triglyphos capitibus tignorum reſponders, metopas uero inter-
                <lb/>
              tiguijs, parte quidemexteriori, nam interius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11121" xml:space="preserve">tigna, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11122" xml:space="preserve">interualla tignorum lacunaria dicuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11123" xml:space="preserve">ſi ergo
                <lb/>
              triglypbi tignorum capita, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11124" xml:space="preserve">metopæ interualla imitantur, conſequitur impeditione triglypborum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11125" xml:space="preserve">meto-
                <lb/>
              parum diſtributiones impedire quoque uniuerſam contignationis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11126" xml:space="preserve">eius ornamentorum rationem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11127" xml:space="preserve">Sed quo-
                <lb/>
              modo impediatur triglypborum diſtributio, uidetur ex eo, quod neceſſe eſt triglyphum cadere directe ad me-
                <lb/>
              dium quadræ columnæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11128" xml:space="preserve">metopam tam altam eſſe, quàm longam. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11129" xml:space="preserve">cum uero antiqui non animaduertiſſent ad
                <lb/>
              id, quodtriglyphi, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11130" xml:space="preserve">metopæ imitarentur, imponebant in extremis angularium columnarum partibus, non
                <lb/>
              autem in medijs, triglyphos: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11131" xml:space="preserve">ex qua re illud fiebat, quod metopæ quadratæ non erant, ſed oblongæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11132" xml:space="preserve">dimidia
                <lb/>
              triglyphorum latitudine productiores. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11133" xml:space="preserve">idq́ illis eueniebat, dum ſtuderent intercolumniorum diſtantias ſerua-
                <lb/>
              re. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11134" xml:space="preserve">Verum quiid negligebant, quærentes tamen metopas æqualiter undique prouenire, non in ſo lido reſponden-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.163-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.163-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              tes triglyphos collocabant, ſed intercolumniorum ſpatia contrabebant, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11135" xml:space="preserve">ea ſpatia ita inſeruire ſuis commo-
                <lb/>
              dis uolebant, ut ordinem intercolumniorum rationemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11136" xml:space="preserve">ſeruare minime poſſent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11137" xml:space="preserve">contrahebant ergo extrema
                <lb/>
              intercolumnia dimidia triglyphi altitudine, ut æqua undique metopa proueniret, ſed hoc mendoſum erat.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11138" xml:space="preserve">Quare Doricum genus damnabant, non propter tenuitatem, aut inuenuſtam ſpeciem, ſed ob ſymmetriarum
                <lb/>
              impedimenta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11139" xml:space="preserve">Sed bis omnibus prouidet Vitr.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11140" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11141" xml:space="preserve">Nos autem exponimus, uti ordo poſtulat, quemadmodum a præceptoribus accepimus;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11142" xml:space="preserve">uti ſi quis
                <lb/>
              uoluerit his rationibus attendens,ita ingredi, habeat proportiones explicatas, quibus emendatas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11143" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              ſine uitijs efficere poſsit æ dium ſacrarum Dorico more perfectiones.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11144" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11145" xml:space="preserve">Pollicetur aptas Dorici generis ſymmetrias nobis ſe daturum Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11146" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11147" xml:space="preserve">quemadmodum in Ionico genere
                <lb/>
              præcepta nobis dedit ſecundum ædium formas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11148" xml:space="preserve">intercolumniorum rationes, ita in Dorico iuxta eaſdem ſen-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.163-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.163-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              tentias interualla distribuit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11149" xml:space="preserve">Verumtamen eſt, quod buiu ſmodi ratio interuallorum omnis ducitur a diſtribu-
                <lb/>
              tione triglypborum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11150" xml:space="preserve">Quare factum est ( ut ſæpe aliàs dictum est, ) ut per rationem triglypborum intelle xerit
                <lb/>
              Doricumgenus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11151" xml:space="preserve">Orditur ergo diſtributionem Diastyli, cuius intercolumnia tres craßitudines imi ſcapi conti-
                <lb/>
              nent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11152" xml:space="preserve">Distribuit autem Diastylum ſecundum duas ſpecies, prostylon, ſcilicet, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11153" xml:space="preserve">ampbiproſtylon. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11154" xml:space="preserve">quas uero
                <lb/>
              tetraſtylinomine intelligit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11155" xml:space="preserve">Diſtribuit quoque peripteron, quam exaſtylum uocat, nobis autem reliquas for-
                <lb/>
              mas diſtribuere permittit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11156" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11157" xml:space="preserve">Frons æ dis Doric æ in loco quo columnæ conſtituuntur, diuidatur, ſi tetraſtylos erit, in partes ui-
                <lb/>
              ginti ſeptem, ſi hexaſtylos 42. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11158" xml:space="preserve">ex his pars una erit modulus, qui Græce embatis dicitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11159" xml:space="preserve">cuius mo-
                <lb/>
              duli conſtitutione rationibus efficiuntur omnis operis diſtributiones.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11160" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11161" xml:space="preserve">Hoc loco aduertendũ eſt maxime, quod & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11162" xml:space="preserve">in alijs rebus nouiſſe proderit, quod quanquã diaſtyli ſpeciem hoc
                <lb/>
              loco diſtribuat, in qua trium diametrorum inter columnia collocantur, tamen distributio bæc non omnino in
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.163-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.163-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              Doricis reſpondet, nam intercolumnia ſunt duarum craſſitudinum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11163" xml:space="preserve">trium e quatuor partium craßitudinis,
                <lb/>
              nec propterea boc uitium putandum eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11164" xml:space="preserve">nam cum in tertio Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11165" xml:space="preserve">de intercolumniorum ratione diſſerit, in
                <lb/>
              omnibus formis pycnoſtyli, ſyſtyli, diaſtyli, utitur bis uerbis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11166" xml:space="preserve">{ Interponi poteſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11167" xml:space="preserve">poterit collocari. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11168" xml:space="preserve">interpo-
                <lb/>
              nere poſſumus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11169" xml:space="preserve">} Cum uero de euſtyli ſymmetria loquitur, non amplius ijs utitur loquendi modis, ſed certa
                <lb/>
              præceptione dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11170" xml:space="preserve">{ Reddenda nunc eſt euſtyli ratio, quæ maxime probabilis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11171" xml:space="preserve">ad uſum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11172" xml:space="preserve">ad ſpeciem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11173" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              ad firmitatem, rationes habet explicatas. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11174" xml:space="preserve">namque facienda ſunt in interuallis ſpatia duarum columnarum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11175" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              quartæ partis columnæ craſsitudinis.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11176" xml:space="preserve">} Hæc dixi, ut animaduertamus, non eſſe neceſſe omnino duarum, aut
                <lb/>
              trium columnarum interualla fieri, ſed ſatis eſſe terminos oſtendiſſe, ultra quos forma illa non conſiſtit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11177" xml:space="preserve">Cæte-
                <lb/>
              rum non eſt prætereundum; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11178" xml:space="preserve">quod in angulis dimidiæ metopæ ponuntur, ſed non omnino dimidiæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11179" xml:space="preserve">nam Vitru.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11180" xml:space="preserve">eas ſemimodulo metiri dixit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11181" xml:space="preserve">dimidius autem modulus eſt tertia pars metopæ, ideo dicuntur ſemitopia, quem-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.163-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.163-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              admodum dicimus ſemiuocales, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11182" xml:space="preserve">ſemitonos. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11183" xml:space="preserve">nam ſemiuocalis non eſt dimidia uocalis, nec ſemitonus dimidium
                <lb/>
              toni præciſi; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11184" xml:space="preserve">ſed ita dicitur, quia inter extrema collocatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11185" xml:space="preserve">infra uero ſemitriglyphos in angulis poni dixit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11186" xml:space="preserve">Sunt
                <lb/>
              autem præciſe ſemitriglyphi, quare & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11187" xml:space="preserve">hoc ad illud fecit, ut ſemimetopia eo modo intelligamus,quo distum est.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11188" xml:space="preserve">Ex qua re oritur illud frontem tetraſtyli in partes 27. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11189" xml:space="preserve">pariendam eſſe. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11190" xml:space="preserve">Frontem uero bexaſtyli in quadra-
                <lb/>
              ginta duas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11191" xml:space="preserve">eadem regula octaſtylum,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11192" xml:space="preserve">decastylum diſtribuere poſſemus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11193" xml:space="preserve">nos nudos triglyphos, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11194" xml:space="preserve">inter-
                <lb/>
              columnia in deſcriptione hoc loco collocauimus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11195" xml:space="preserve">A. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11196" xml:space="preserve">Diastylos quatuor columnarum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11197" xml:space="preserve">B. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11198" xml:space="preserve">diastylos ſex co-
                <lb/>
              lumnarum, id eſt modulus qui Grace embatis quaſi ingreſſor dicitnr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11199" xml:space="preserve">ingreditur enim in menſurandis partibus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11200" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11201" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Crassitvdo</emph>
              columnarum erit duorum modulorum altitudo cum capitulo I4. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11202" xml:space="preserve">Capituli craſ-
                <lb/>
              fitudo unius moduli, latitudo duorum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11203" xml:space="preserve">moduli ſextæ partis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11204" xml:space="preserve">Craſsitudo capituli diuidaturin partes
                <lb/>
              tres, e quibus una plinthus cum cymatio fiat, altera echinus cum annulis, tertia hypotrachelion.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s11205" xml:space="preserve">
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.163-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.163-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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