Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

Table of figures

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[151] 17 18 19 20 21 22 16 23 15 14 13 12 11 10 11 12 21 22 10 9 23 M
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[152] Q K r n r 12 11 K 2 2 @ 4 p 8 7 e t 8 9 c P 7 4 3 10 7 @ P 5 q P 6 2 8 7 q P t t 11 1 I 1 11 7 q p 2 10 q p 3 9 @ a e b 4 8 2 7 6 5 P 10 6 f P 9 3 8 4 f P 1 f P 11 10 2 a f b e 4 9 3 11 10 2 11 1 11 1 u m 12 15 @ d 12 4 5 m 3 4 5 7 8 9 d @ 2 @ 0 10 2 11 1 a 0 s 7 1 n P p 5 6 7 10 6 6 6 3 4 8 9 7 e 5 5 7 4 5 3 10 11 12 1 2 3 8 9 3 1 e H 23 10 22 24 23 22 15 16 17 18 19 21 13 14 20
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[153] Horologia in plano meridiani.6 5 4 3 2 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 u l d 7 4 8 3 9 2 10 b n n n n n 5 4 3 2 1 a c e c y n n n n n p 1 2 3 4 5 n ſ ſ 4 3 2 1 r 4 3 2 1 e 4 3 2 1 B 9 10 11 12 13 14 e H 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 e E g r 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 F g d 23 22 21 20 19 18 18 c g G d f a b e g c 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 f D e 11 10 19 18
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[154] Horologia in plano æquinoctialis.d b 5 6 7 4 8 9 3 g f k L @ m 2 10 l 8 1 11 a e b B L 1 f k m h @ z r s 1 n 11 A 2 1 10 12 3 9 11 1 4 8 10 1 2 5 6 7 b d 9 3 8 4 7 5 6 c 6 7 5 8 4 9 3 18 17 16 10 2 16 17 18 19 11 12 1 19 20 14 14 20 21 13 13 21 22 12 12 22 23 11 23 24 24 14 14 23 15 23 22 15 22 16 16 21 17 21 20 19 18 17 18 19 20
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[155] 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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[156] Instrumenta è regione poſita ſeruiunt fronti horologij ſequentis, illud uero inſerius eſt immobil-le ad aliud, & aliud ab artiſicio aquæ mouetur.B 270 A 360 stella.p.@ f 180 C 10 hircuſ@ 20 30 40 x cani ſminor* 50 60 70 80 90 C@nis Maior* D
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[157] 6 5 7 4 8 3 9 2 10 1 11 12 T R 12 L 11 1 A f C 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 5 6
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[Figure 158]
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[Figure 159]
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[Figure 160]
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[161] Funium nodi.
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[162] Scala in carcheſio poſita.
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[163] Figura aniſocyclorum.
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[164] Trochlearum ratio.
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[165] B. ergata.C. trochlea ſuperior.D. ſucula.E. tigna.F. pondus.I. forcipes.G. ſucula.H. fibula.O. chelonia.P. uectes.S. carcheſia. S H C A D E F T I B G
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[166] Trochleæ cum tympano.
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[167] F. trochleaſuperior.L. trochlea inferior artemon dicta.†. onus.A. nectis.3. onus.1. hypomochlium.2. nectis, mochlium.V. ſpbœroma, œquipondium.Q S. lances.X. lances.K. anſa. examen.8. cuneus.7. 9. uectis.10. onus.H G. vectes.M. pondus.O N. colhlea.D. pali.L. locus artemonis.C. chelonia.F. regula.B. antarijunes.E. locus ductariorum funium ubifibulæx. libra ſuffulta. E B F H G 8 C N O K D L M † 6 7 10 x 3 2 1 R V S Q
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[168] d a c b e
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[Figure 169]
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[Figure 170]
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[171] A. aqua in arca œrea depreſſa.B. delſines ærei.C. modioli.D. Regulæ ſcalari forma.E. taxilli tribus digitis alti.F. catenæ cymbala tenentes.G. inſundibulum inuerſum.H. Fiſtulæ, per quas aer modiolorum ſubintrat infundibulum.I. uectes.K. manubria, quæ aperiunt nares ad tubulos.L. pinnæ ſub quibus lingulæ omnium organorum.O. regulæ inter tabulam quæ pinax dicitur & registrum.P. pinna depreſſa.Q. tabula.R. pinnarum forma ſeparata.S. lingulæ.T. ceruicula.V. aquaexpulſa.X. pars arcæ..... foraminaper quæ aer ad canna, fertur.
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[Figure 172]
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[Figure 173]
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[Figure 174]
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div438" type="section" level="2" n="77">
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12466" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="159" file="514.01.191" n="191" rhead="QVINTVS."/>
              Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12467" xml:space="preserve">ergo de arcubus nullam fecit mentionem, ratione iam dicta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12468" xml:space="preserve">Sed ſi forte aliquibus uidetur ante Vitru-
                <lb/>
              uium arcus extitiſſe, propterea quod inter uiam latam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12469" xml:space="preserve">Mineruam ſimplex arcus Camillo ( ut putant ) di-
                <lb/>
              catus conſpicitur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12470" xml:space="preserve">non eſt tamen dicendum quod ad triumphantis commodum erectus fuerit, ſed fornice ſimpli-
                <lb/>
              ci constabat, ut aliquæibi statuæ collocarentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12471" xml:space="preserve">Ante hunc arcum columna erecta erat, a qua tanquam a
                <lb/>
              capite, omnes Italiæ uiæ initium ſumebant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12472" xml:space="preserve">Sed nos ad forum reuertamur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12473" xml:space="preserve">Forum igitur a Græcis quadrata
                <lb/>
              forma conſtituebatur, circa erant ampliſſimæ, ac duplices porticus, columnæ crebræ, ut pycnoſtyli ratio exi-
                <lb/>
              gebat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12474" xml:space="preserve">epistylia marmorea, aut lapidea. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12475" xml:space="preserve">Supra uero ambulationes erant in contignationibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12476" xml:space="preserve">Ita enim eorum
                <lb/>
              uſus requirebat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12477" xml:space="preserve">Sed Itali, ac Romani alios uſus habentes, a Græcorum conſuetudine diſcedebant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12478" xml:space="preserve">In foro
                <lb/>
              enim gladiatoribus munera dabantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12479" xml:space="preserve">oblongum igitur ſorum faciebant, ita ut ex tribus long it udinis partibus
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.191-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.191-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              duas latitudini darent, ſeſquialtera proportione. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12480" xml:space="preserve">ampliora quoque erant intercolumnia, circa porticus argen-
                <lb/>
              tariæ tabernæ, mœnià namque ſuperioribus coaxationibus collocata, ſpectaculum populo ad ludos commode
                <lb/>
                <handwritten xlink:label="hd-514.01.191-1" xlink:href="hd-514.01.191-1a" number="67"/>
              præbebant, ita ex populi multitudine magnitudinem fori conſtituentes, uſum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12481" xml:space="preserve">dignitatem quærebant, ne ſi
                <lb/>
              nimia eſſet multitudo angustum, ſiparua inane, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12482" xml:space="preserve">uaſtum uideretur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12483" xml:space="preserve">Græcis uſus is non erat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12484" xml:space="preserve">Duplices por-
                <lb/>
              ticus interius faciebant, non enim puto duplices intelligi debere exterius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12485" xml:space="preserve">interius; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12486" xml:space="preserve">nam in tertio libro in
                <lb/>
              banc ſigniſicationem eo uerbo, duplices, uſus eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12487" xml:space="preserve">Item crebrisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12488" xml:space="preserve">columnis interpretor pycnoſtyligeneris, quod ſe-
                <lb/>
              quentia uerba ostendunt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12489" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12490" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Italiae</emph>
              uero urbibus non eadem ratione eſt faciendum, ideo quod a maioribus conſuetudo tra-
                <lb/>
              dita eſt, gladiatoria munera in foro dari. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12491" xml:space="preserve">igitur circum ſpectacula ſpatioſiora intercolumnia diſtribuan
                <lb/>
              tur, circaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12492" xml:space="preserve">in porticibus argentariæ tabernæ, mœnianaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12493" xml:space="preserve">ſuperioribus coaxationibus collocentur,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.191-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.191-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              quæ & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12494" xml:space="preserve">ad uſum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12495" xml:space="preserve">ad uectigalia publica rectè erunt diſpoſita.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12496" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12497" xml:space="preserve">Videtur enim Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12498" xml:space="preserve">opponere illis uerbis, crebrisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12499" xml:space="preserve">columnis, hæc uerba, circum ſpectacula ſpatioſiora in-
                <lb/>
              tercolumnia diſtribuantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12500" xml:space="preserve">Mœniana, nos podiola nuncupamus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12501" xml:space="preserve">dicuntur a Mœnio, qui Catoni domum uen-
                <lb/>
              didit in forum ſpectantem, ſibi tantum unica columna reſeruata, ad quam tigna proiecit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12502" xml:space="preserve">tabulatum fecit,
                <lb/>
              ut inde ipſe, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12503" xml:space="preserve">posteri gladiatores ſpectarent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12504" xml:space="preserve">fuit ea domus propè Pacis templum.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12505" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12506" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Magnitvdines</emph>
              autem ad copias hominum oportet fieri, ne paruum ſpatium ſit ad uſum, aut ne
                <lb/>
              propter inopiam populi uaſtum forum uideatur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12507" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12508" xml:space="preserve">Hoc commune præceptum est Græcorum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12509" xml:space="preserve">Italorum fori, ut ad copias hominum fiat magnitudo fori.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12510" xml:space="preserve">illud uero peculiare Italiæ.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12511" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12512" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Latitvdo</emph>
              fori ita finiatur, uti longitudo in tres partes cum diuiſa fuerit, ex his duæ partes ei den-
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12513" xml:space="preserve">ita enim oblonga erit eius formatio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12514" xml:space="preserve">ad ſpectaculorum rationem utilis diſpoſitio.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12515" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12516" xml:space="preserve">Quæritur quomodo oblonga forma ad ſpectacula potior ſit, quàm quadrata. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12517" xml:space="preserve">nam quadram orbiculari ma-
                <lb/>
              gis proxima cum ſit, quàm oblonga, æqualiter ad omnes partes centrum uidetur habere, unde ratio quoque
                <lb/>
              ſpectandi commodior undique cernitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12518" xml:space="preserve">An ad gladiatores potius, quàm ad ſpectatores reſpexit Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12519" xml:space="preserve">qui in
                <lb/>
              oblongo foro commodius exercentur, quàm in quadrato ? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12520" xml:space="preserve">ita enim ludorum uſus postulat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12521" xml:space="preserve">placet autem Al-
                <lb/>
              berto duplam eſſe fori proportionem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12522" xml:space="preserve">additq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12523" xml:space="preserve">pulcherrimam conſiderationem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12524" xml:space="preserve">uult enim, ædificia, quæ circa
                <lb/>
              forum ſunt, ne que ita alta eſſe, ut altitudine ſua anguſtum forum uideri faciant, neque ita depreſſa, ut uastam
                <lb/>
              fori amplitudinem conſtituant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12525" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum fori amplitudo ad populi copias conſtituenda eſt, ne eueniat, quod
                <lb/>
              Augusto euenit, qui forum aliud paruum, propè duo quæ erant, ordinauit, ut hominum multitudini litig antium
                <lb/>
              ſatisfaceret. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12526" xml:space="preserve">Paruum autem illud fecit, ne moleſtus eſſet dominis uicinarum ædium. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12527" xml:space="preserve">propè erat poſt hortos
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.191-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.191-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              ad Morforium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12528" xml:space="preserve">ſanctæ Martinæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12529" xml:space="preserve">magna celeritate confectum, ut publica iudicia in eo tractarentur, iu-
                <lb/>
              dices ſortirentur, ſenatus cogeretur ad conſilium de bellis, triumphisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12530" xml:space="preserve">decernendis, ac in eo uictores, ſpolia
                <lb/>
              collocarent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12531" xml:space="preserve">duas id forum porticus ornatiſſimas habuit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12532" xml:space="preserve">Erant & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12533" xml:space="preserve">alia quoque fora inſignia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12534" xml:space="preserve">magnifice
                <lb/>
              extructa, quæ aut tempore, aut ui deiecta, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12535" xml:space="preserve">collapla, aut etiam in alia ædificia mutata, nullam habent uete-
                <lb/>
              ris formæ ſimilitudinem, porticibus nullum deer at ornamentum, nulla commoditas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12536" xml:space="preserve">uſus deſiderabatur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12537" xml:space="preserve">imbres, Soles, cœlumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12538" xml:space="preserve">graue uitabant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12539" xml:space="preserve">ambulationibus, negocijs, ſpectaculis aptæ erant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12540" xml:space="preserve">a magnitudine mil-
                <lb/>
              liariæ, aut ſtadiariæ uocabantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12541" xml:space="preserve">a genere ædificij, Doricæ, Ionicæ, Corinthiæ, Tuſcanicæ, aut ſubterraneæ a
                <lb/>
              Dijs, quibus conſecratæ er ant, nomina ſortiebantur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12542" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12543" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Colvmnae</emph>
              ſuperiores quarta parte minores, quàm inferiores ſunt conſtituendæ: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12544" xml:space="preserve">propterea quod
                <lb/>
              oneri ferendo, quæ ſunt inferiora, ſirmiora debent eſſe, quàm ſuperiora. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12545" xml:space="preserve">Non minus quàm etiam
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.191-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.191-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              naſcentium oportet imitari naturam, quod in arboribus teretibus, abiete, cupreſſu, pinu, e quibus
                <lb/>
              nulla non craſsior eſt ab radicibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12546" xml:space="preserve">deinde creſcendo progreditur in altitudinem, naturali contractura,
                <lb/>
              peræ quata naſcens ad ca cumen. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12547" xml:space="preserve">Ergo ſi natura naſcentium ita poſtulat, recte eſt conſtitutum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12548" xml:space="preserve">al-
                <lb/>
              titudinibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12549" xml:space="preserve">craſsitudinibus ſuperiora inferiorum fieri contractiora.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12550" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12551" xml:space="preserve">Cum plures ordines columnarum ſuper imponere oporteat in porticibus: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12552" xml:space="preserve">oportet enim ut mœniana fiant, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12553" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              coaxationes: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12554" xml:space="preserve">tunc animaduertendum eſt ad id, quod Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12555" xml:space="preserve">dicit, quod ſcilicet ſuperiores columnæ quarta par-
                <lb/>
              te graciliores faciendæ ſunt inferioribus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12556" xml:space="preserve">ratio buius est, quia quæ ſunt inferiora, oneribus ferendis fumiora
                <lb/>
              eſſe debent, quàm ſuperiora. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12557" xml:space="preserve">Exemplum a rerum natura ſumptum, hoc docet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12558" xml:space="preserve">arbores enim teretes, craſſio-
                <lb/>
              res ſunt ab radicibus, deinde paulatim excreſcendo naturali contractura tenuiores fiunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12559" xml:space="preserve">hac de cauſa colu-
                <lb/>
              mnarum contractio facta eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12560" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12561" xml:space="preserve">hac ratione columnæ ſuperiores graciliores inferioribus eſſe debent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12562" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12563" xml:space="preserve">hac
                <lb/>
              demum ſimilitudine primus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12564" xml:space="preserve">inferior columnarum ordo Doricus, medius Ionicus, ſummus Corinthius eſſe
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.191-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.191-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
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