Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div438" type="section" level="2" n="77">
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12466" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="159" file="514.01.191" n="191" rhead="QVINTVS."/>
              Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12467" xml:space="preserve">ergo de arcubus nullam fecit mentionem, ratione iam dicta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12468" xml:space="preserve">Sed ſi forte aliquibus uidetur ante Vitru-
                <lb/>
              uium arcus extitiſſe, propterea quod inter uiam latam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12469" xml:space="preserve">Mineruam ſimplex arcus Camillo ( ut putant ) di-
                <lb/>
              catus conſpicitur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12470" xml:space="preserve">non eſt tamen dicendum quod ad triumphantis commodum erectus fuerit, ſed fornice ſimpli-
                <lb/>
              ci constabat, ut aliquæibi statuæ collocarentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12471" xml:space="preserve">Ante hunc arcum columna erecta erat, a qua tanquam a
                <lb/>
              capite, omnes Italiæ uiæ initium ſumebant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12472" xml:space="preserve">Sed nos ad forum reuertamur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12473" xml:space="preserve">Forum igitur a Græcis quadrata
                <lb/>
              forma conſtituebatur, circa erant ampliſſimæ, ac duplices porticus, columnæ crebræ, ut pycnoſtyli ratio exi-
                <lb/>
              gebat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12474" xml:space="preserve">epistylia marmorea, aut lapidea. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12475" xml:space="preserve">Supra uero ambulationes erant in contignationibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12476" xml:space="preserve">Ita enim eorum
                <lb/>
              uſus requirebat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12477" xml:space="preserve">Sed Itali, ac Romani alios uſus habentes, a Græcorum conſuetudine diſcedebant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12478" xml:space="preserve">In foro
                <lb/>
              enim gladiatoribus munera dabantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12479" xml:space="preserve">oblongum igitur ſorum faciebant, ita ut ex tribus long it udinis partibus
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.191-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.191-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              duas latitudini darent, ſeſquialtera proportione. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12480" xml:space="preserve">ampliora quoque erant intercolumnia, circa porticus argen-
                <lb/>
              tariæ tabernæ, mœnià namque ſuperioribus coaxationibus collocata, ſpectaculum populo ad ludos commode
                <lb/>
                <handwritten xlink:label="hd-514.01.191-1" xlink:href="hd-514.01.191-1a" number="67"/>
              præbebant, ita ex populi multitudine magnitudinem fori conſtituentes, uſum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12481" xml:space="preserve">dignitatem quærebant, ne ſi
                <lb/>
              nimia eſſet multitudo angustum, ſiparua inane, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12482" xml:space="preserve">uaſtum uideretur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12483" xml:space="preserve">Græcis uſus is non erat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12484" xml:space="preserve">Duplices por-
                <lb/>
              ticus interius faciebant, non enim puto duplices intelligi debere exterius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12485" xml:space="preserve">interius; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12486" xml:space="preserve">nam in tertio libro in
                <lb/>
              banc ſigniſicationem eo uerbo, duplices, uſus eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12487" xml:space="preserve">Item crebrisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12488" xml:space="preserve">columnis interpretor pycnoſtyligeneris, quod ſe-
                <lb/>
              quentia uerba ostendunt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12489" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12490" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Italiae</emph>
              uero urbibus non eadem ratione eſt faciendum, ideo quod a maioribus conſuetudo tra-
                <lb/>
              dita eſt, gladiatoria munera in foro dari. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12491" xml:space="preserve">igitur circum ſpectacula ſpatioſiora intercolumnia diſtribuan
                <lb/>
              tur, circaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12492" xml:space="preserve">in porticibus argentariæ tabernæ, mœnianaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12493" xml:space="preserve">ſuperioribus coaxationibus collocentur,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.191-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.191-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              quæ & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12494" xml:space="preserve">ad uſum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12495" xml:space="preserve">ad uectigalia publica rectè erunt diſpoſita.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12496" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12497" xml:space="preserve">Videtur enim Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12498" xml:space="preserve">opponere illis uerbis, crebrisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12499" xml:space="preserve">columnis, hæc uerba, circum ſpectacula ſpatioſiora in-
                <lb/>
              tercolumnia diſtribuantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12500" xml:space="preserve">Mœniana, nos podiola nuncupamus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12501" xml:space="preserve">dicuntur a Mœnio, qui Catoni domum uen-
                <lb/>
              didit in forum ſpectantem, ſibi tantum unica columna reſeruata, ad quam tigna proiecit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12502" xml:space="preserve">tabulatum fecit,
                <lb/>
              ut inde ipſe, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12503" xml:space="preserve">posteri gladiatores ſpectarent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12504" xml:space="preserve">fuit ea domus propè Pacis templum.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12505" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12506" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Magnitvdines</emph>
              autem ad copias hominum oportet fieri, ne paruum ſpatium ſit ad uſum, aut ne
                <lb/>
              propter inopiam populi uaſtum forum uideatur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12507" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12508" xml:space="preserve">Hoc commune præceptum est Græcorum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12509" xml:space="preserve">Italorum fori, ut ad copias hominum fiat magnitudo fori.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12510" xml:space="preserve">illud uero peculiare Italiæ.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12511" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12512" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Latitvdo</emph>
              fori ita finiatur, uti longitudo in tres partes cum diuiſa fuerit, ex his duæ partes ei den-
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12513" xml:space="preserve">ita enim oblonga erit eius formatio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12514" xml:space="preserve">ad ſpectaculorum rationem utilis diſpoſitio.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12515" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12516" xml:space="preserve">Quæritur quomodo oblonga forma ad ſpectacula potior ſit, quàm quadrata. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12517" xml:space="preserve">nam quadram orbiculari ma-
                <lb/>
              gis proxima cum ſit, quàm oblonga, æqualiter ad omnes partes centrum uidetur habere, unde ratio quoque
                <lb/>
              ſpectandi commodior undique cernitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12518" xml:space="preserve">An ad gladiatores potius, quàm ad ſpectatores reſpexit Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12519" xml:space="preserve">qui in
                <lb/>
              oblongo foro commodius exercentur, quàm in quadrato ? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12520" xml:space="preserve">ita enim ludorum uſus postulat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12521" xml:space="preserve">placet autem Al-
                <lb/>
              berto duplam eſſe fori proportionem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12522" xml:space="preserve">additq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12523" xml:space="preserve">pulcherrimam conſiderationem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12524" xml:space="preserve">uult enim, ædificia, quæ circa
                <lb/>
              forum ſunt, ne que ita alta eſſe, ut altitudine ſua anguſtum forum uideri faciant, neque ita depreſſa, ut uastam
                <lb/>
              fori amplitudinem conſtituant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12525" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum fori amplitudo ad populi copias conſtituenda eſt, ne eueniat, quod
                <lb/>
              Augusto euenit, qui forum aliud paruum, propè duo quæ erant, ordinauit, ut hominum multitudini litig antium
                <lb/>
              ſatisfaceret. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12526" xml:space="preserve">Paruum autem illud fecit, ne moleſtus eſſet dominis uicinarum ædium. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12527" xml:space="preserve">propè erat poſt hortos
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.191-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.191-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              ad Morforium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12528" xml:space="preserve">ſanctæ Martinæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12529" xml:space="preserve">magna celeritate confectum, ut publica iudicia in eo tractarentur, iu-
                <lb/>
              dices ſortirentur, ſenatus cogeretur ad conſilium de bellis, triumphisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12530" xml:space="preserve">decernendis, ac in eo uictores, ſpolia
                <lb/>
              collocarent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12531" xml:space="preserve">duas id forum porticus ornatiſſimas habuit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12532" xml:space="preserve">Erant & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12533" xml:space="preserve">alia quoque fora inſignia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12534" xml:space="preserve">magnifice
                <lb/>
              extructa, quæ aut tempore, aut ui deiecta, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12535" xml:space="preserve">collapla, aut etiam in alia ædificia mutata, nullam habent uete-
                <lb/>
              ris formæ ſimilitudinem, porticibus nullum deer at ornamentum, nulla commoditas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12536" xml:space="preserve">uſus deſiderabatur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12537" xml:space="preserve">imbres, Soles, cœlumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12538" xml:space="preserve">graue uitabant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12539" xml:space="preserve">ambulationibus, negocijs, ſpectaculis aptæ erant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12540" xml:space="preserve">a magnitudine mil-
                <lb/>
              liariæ, aut ſtadiariæ uocabantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12541" xml:space="preserve">a genere ædificij, Doricæ, Ionicæ, Corinthiæ, Tuſcanicæ, aut ſubterraneæ a
                <lb/>
              Dijs, quibus conſecratæ er ant, nomina ſortiebantur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12542" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12543" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Colvmnae</emph>
              ſuperiores quarta parte minores, quàm inferiores ſunt conſtituendæ: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12544" xml:space="preserve">propterea quod
                <lb/>
              oneri ferendo, quæ ſunt inferiora, ſirmiora debent eſſe, quàm ſuperiora. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12545" xml:space="preserve">Non minus quàm etiam
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.191-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.191-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              naſcentium oportet imitari naturam, quod in arboribus teretibus, abiete, cupreſſu, pinu, e quibus
                <lb/>
              nulla non craſsior eſt ab radicibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12546" xml:space="preserve">deinde creſcendo progreditur in altitudinem, naturali contractura,
                <lb/>
              peræ quata naſcens ad ca cumen. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12547" xml:space="preserve">Ergo ſi natura naſcentium ita poſtulat, recte eſt conſtitutum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12548" xml:space="preserve">al-
                <lb/>
              titudinibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12549" xml:space="preserve">craſsitudinibus ſuperiora inferiorum fieri contractiora.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12550" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12551" xml:space="preserve">Cum plures ordines columnarum ſuper imponere oporteat in porticibus: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12552" xml:space="preserve">oportet enim ut mœniana fiant, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12553" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              coaxationes: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12554" xml:space="preserve">tunc animaduertendum eſt ad id, quod Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12555" xml:space="preserve">dicit, quod ſcilicet ſuperiores columnæ quarta par-
                <lb/>
              te graciliores faciendæ ſunt inferioribus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12556" xml:space="preserve">ratio buius est, quia quæ ſunt inferiora, oneribus ferendis fumiora
                <lb/>
              eſſe debent, quàm ſuperiora. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12557" xml:space="preserve">Exemplum a rerum natura ſumptum, hoc docet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12558" xml:space="preserve">arbores enim teretes, craſſio-
                <lb/>
              res ſunt ab radicibus, deinde paulatim excreſcendo naturali contractura tenuiores fiunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12559" xml:space="preserve">hac de cauſa colu-
                <lb/>
              mnarum contractio facta eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12560" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12561" xml:space="preserve">hac ratione columnæ ſuperiores graciliores inferioribus eſſe debent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12562" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12563" xml:space="preserve">hac
                <lb/>
              demum ſimilitudine primus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12564" xml:space="preserve">inferior columnarum ordo Doricus, medius Ionicus, ſummus Corinthius eſſe
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.191-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.191-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
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