Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

Table of figures

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[111] Orthographia meſolabij Architæ.
[112] Demonſtratio Eratoſtbenis. a g t cb f b d
[113] Instrumentum Eratoſthenis. m a x g n b c n i o l v q p b e f k d
[114] Vſ{us} demonſtratio Eratoſtbenis cum inſtrumento. a h n ek l i o d b 8 m c 4
[115] Inſtrumentum Platonis. f i n o m
[116] cubus. 8 8 64 8 8 8 8 512 8s e
[117] Demonstratio Archita. p l k b o i m b e d af
[118] Demonctration Platonis. d e b c g
[119] Demostratio ter tiæ proprietatis, & aſſumptionis Nicomedis.instrumentum Nicomedis. f h d g b s n m k a
[120] Duplicatio cubi. e a b c d f g
[121] Dimonctratio prrima proprie tatis. s n m l k
[122] Vſus inſtrume ti Nicomedis & eius demő ſtratio. l e b c g f a k h i
[123] h
[124] b d c e f g
[125] a b c e d
[126] Secunda proprietas lineæ flexæ.f n e b g i d m k c
[127] a. centrum mundi.b. oculus in ſuperficie terræc. ſydus.d. uertex.b c a. angulus diuerſitatis. c d 6 a
[128] a b deferens.c. deferentis centrum.d e. epicyclus.a. centrum epicycli.f. mundi centrum.a. iugum deferentis.b. antiiugum.d. iugum epicycli. d a e c s b
[129] a b g. concentricum.d. eius centrum.e z b. eccentricum.t. eius centrum.k z. epicyclus.b. eius centrum.d t. b z. œquales.t z. d b. œquales.motus { concentrici b d a. \\ epicycli k b z. \\ eccentrici z t e. \\ anguli œquales Sol utroque modo uidetur in z. per li-neam d z. e a t d b z b k
[130] a b g. eccentricum.d. eius centrum.e. centrum mundi.a d g. linea ingi.b. centrm Solis.e z. linea medij motus parallela li-neœ b d.c b. linea ueri motus.b e z. angulus œquatio. z b a d e
[131] a b g. concentricum. d. eius centrũ.t z. eccentricum.h. eius centrum.e z. epicyclus.g. eius centrum.d b. & g z. œquales.d z. parallelogrammum.motus {concentrici a d g. \\ epicycli e g z. \\ eccentrici t b z. uet t dg. \\ iugieccentric. a d t. anguli t b z. & e g z. œqua-les ſunt.angulus a d g. œqualis augulis. {adt. \\ adg. f n b a d o k
[132] b k epicyclus.b. centrum eius.h. uigum.n. Antijugum epicycli.k. punctũ primœ morœ.c. mundi centrum.o. punctũ ſecundæ morœ.h l k. arcus primœ mo rœ.k n o. arcus regreſſus-o b k. arcus directio-nis. L K A H B N O C
[133] Porfioni del cerchio che fannoſe s̃teſſe torno dlaTramòntanaTram ontanaSlmiſifudineTramonſangCarro che uoſge infomoalla Framonlana
[134] a b c d f
[135] A. ſectio parabole.B. vestigium. C. parabole.G. ſectio ellipſis.D. ſectio hyperbole.E. vestigium F. hyperbole. a f a f 1 f f f 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 4 5 4 4 5 6 C 5 5 6 F 7 A 6 6 8 7 8 7 7 D 8 9 8 8 9 10 11 10 10 11 11 11 11 b 12 g e d b e h d gf g b 6 7 3 1 2 4 6 8 10c g b E a 11 9 7 3 3 1 d 2 4 6 8 10 e ha f 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 a b c d 9 8 7 6 3 2 1 f b a H d g 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ff 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 g
[136] m q 0 s k h c b s n L I p q s
[137] Il polo.cqiunot.orizonte c e b a f
[138] l n k mcridl. parte delverno E e h a s i 9 8 7 6 5della jtate 4 3 parte g h f x lacato manaco b r c linca del.piano t
[139] Analemmatis figura.MERIDIAN: S. M. MLSLACITREVM.M.MERIDIAN: .S.OMVERTICAV.M..S.. O. M.ORIZON:W. A.STAB:
[140] 11 ſ x d 11 p k 1 2 1 2 3 4 5f 6 r 11 10 9 8 7 n f m 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 1 02 3 4 1g c 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 e 11 10 9 8 7 q b o
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            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12981" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="170" file="514.01.202" n="202" rhead="LIBER"/>
              circum ſæpe aqua ad naumachias ducebatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12982" xml:space="preserve">Amphitheatrum tanquam ex duobus theatris frontibus und
                <lb/>
              poſitis compoſitum erat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12983" xml:space="preserve">omnia hæc ex uſu ita constituebantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12984" xml:space="preserve">De theatro uero dicamus, ex fine ipſum con-
                <lb/>
              ſtitui, ea forma, quam ponit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12985" xml:space="preserve">ut igitur omittamus ea, quœ omni œdificio conueniunt, ideſt ſalubritas loci,
                <lb/>
              fundamentorum ſoliditas, areaq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12986" xml:space="preserve">, de quibus copioſe ſuperius eſt diſputatum, conſiderare debemus perſonxs,
                <lb/>
              quæ ad ſpectacula ſe conferunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12987" xml:space="preserve">ſpectacula ipſa:</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12988" xml:space="preserve">, quæ fiunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12989" xml:space="preserve">Si perſonas reſpicimus, inueniemus multitudi-
                <lb/>
              nem nobilium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12990" xml:space="preserve">plebis, quæ ſimul eunt, una manent, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12991" xml:space="preserve">forte ſimul diſcedunt, ideo aditus multi requiruntur,
                <lb/>
              exitusq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12992" xml:space="preserve">, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12993" xml:space="preserve">aſcenſus ſine impedimento, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12994" xml:space="preserve">ambulationes, tectaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12995" xml:space="preserve">adimbres euitandos. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12996" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12997" xml:space="preserve">quoniam diu, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12998" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              longo tempore in ſpectatione ludorum morantur, neceſſaria eſt ſedendi commoditas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12999" xml:space="preserve">alibi ut nobiles, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13000" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              patritij, alibi ut uulgus & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13001" xml:space="preserve">populus ſedeat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13002" xml:space="preserve">Nobiles inferiores ſedes occupabunt, populus altiores, nam fator,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13003" xml:space="preserve">turpis odor in altum euehitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13004" xml:space="preserve">ne igtur nobiles offendãtur, inferius ſedere debent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13005" xml:space="preserve">Omnes tamen ita commo-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.202-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.202-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              de ſedebunt, ut audire, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13006" xml:space="preserve">ſpectare poßint. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13007" xml:space="preserve">Actores, histrionesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13008" xml:space="preserve">loca habeant, in quibus ſe commode parent,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13009" xml:space="preserve">unde egrediantur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13010" xml:space="preserve">atque hæc ad perſonas pertinent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13011" xml:space="preserve">Quæ uero ad ſpectacula ſpectant ſunt hæc. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13012" xml:space="preserve">primum
                <lb/>
              uniuerſa loci ſpecies, nam in theatris poemata recitantur, muſici inducuntur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13013" xml:space="preserve">ideo neceſſe est eam formam
                <lb/>
              theatro dare, ut audire poſſint poemata, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13014" xml:space="preserve">ſonos. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13015" xml:space="preserve">Deinde neceſſe eſt uocis motus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13016" xml:space="preserve">loci qualitatem conſidc-
                <lb/>
              rare, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13017" xml:space="preserve">quæ ſit uocis aſcenſus ratio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13018" xml:space="preserve">quomodo unà ad aures perueniat, unde de harmonia, uaſisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13019" xml:space="preserve">ſonum
                <lb/>
              mittentibus eſt dicendum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13020" xml:space="preserve">Quæ omnia diligentiſſime abſoluit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13021" xml:space="preserve">De ſalubritate loci primo agit, rationemq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13022" xml:space="preserve">rei reddit, nosq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13023" xml:space="preserve">ad primum uolumen remittit, in quo ea diligenter eſt perſequutus, quæ ad locorum electionem
                <lb/>
              pertinent, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13024" xml:space="preserve">hoc loco facilia ſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13025" xml:space="preserve">mox de fundamentis loquitur dicens.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13026" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13027" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Fvndamentorvm</emph>
              autem ſi in montibus fuerit, facilior erit ratio, ſed ſi neceſsitas coegerit in pla
                <lb/>
              no, uel in paluſtri loco ea conſtitui, ſolidationes, ſubſtructionesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13028" xml:space="preserve">ita erunt faciendæ, quemadmodum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.202-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.202-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              de fundationibus ædium ſacrarum in tertio libro eſt ſcriptum.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13029" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13030" xml:space="preserve">Minor ſumptus, commoditas amplior, ſoliditas firmior erat, ubi theatrorum fundamenta in montibus
                <lb/>
              iacienda erant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13031" xml:space="preserve">Mons enim gradationibus faciendis commodior, firmiſſimis tanquam humeris pondus ſuftine-
                <lb/>
              bat, ita ut animaduertere nt antiqui in theatris constituendis ad loca eminentia, quœ uel montes eſſent, uel mon
                <lb/>
              tibus ſimilia: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13032" xml:space="preserve">ſed cum neceßitas cogebat in plano, uel palustri loco ea conſtitui, tum ſolidum erat quærendum,
                <lb/>
              uel ſubstructiones, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13033" xml:space="preserve">ſolidationes faciendœ, quemadmodum ſupra dictum est. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13034" xml:space="preserve">Recte antem dixit { Sineceſ-
                <lb/>
              ſitas coegerit loco palustri} nam ſupra euitanda loca paluſtria eſſe monuit, niſi paludes eæſint, quales erant
                <lb/>
              Altini, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13035" xml:space="preserve">Aquileiæ & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13036" xml:space="preserve">quales Venetœ hodie ſunt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13037" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13038" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Insvper</emph>
              . </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13039" xml:space="preserve">fundamenta lapideis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13040" xml:space="preserve">marmoreis copijs gradationes ab ſubſtructione fieri debent.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13041" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13042" xml:space="preserve">Statim a fundamento gradationes faciendæ, aut marmoreæ, ſi adeſt copia; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13043" xml:space="preserve">aut lapideæ, ſi ſumptui parcen-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.202-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.202-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              dum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13044" xml:space="preserve">Ecce poſt ſalubritatem loci, commoditatem quœrit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13045" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13046" xml:space="preserve">magnificentiam operis, qualis non erat an-
                <lb/>
              tiquitus, cum dicat Ouidius.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13047" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13048" xml:space="preserve">Primus ſollicitos feciſti Romule ludos, # Illic quas tulerant nemo roſa palatia frondes
                <lb/>
              # Cum uidit uiduos rapta Sabina uiros. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13049" xml:space="preserve"># Simpliciter poſitæ ſcena ſine arte fuit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13050" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13051" xml:space="preserve">Tum neq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13052" xml:space="preserve">marmoreo pendebant uela Theatro, # In gradibus ſedit populus de ceſpite factis, &</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13053" xml:space="preserve">c.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13054" xml:space="preserve"># Nec fuerant liquido pulpita rubra croco.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13055" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13056" xml:space="preserve">Solebant feſtis diebus rustici conuenire ſimul, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13057" xml:space="preserve">ſacra diuerſa, ludosq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13058" xml:space="preserve">facere, qui mos uſque adeò placuit
                <lb/>
              Athenienſibus, ut primi in ciuitaiem eum induxerint; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13059" xml:space="preserve">Locumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13060" xml:space="preserve">ludorum theatrum nominauerunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13061" xml:space="preserve">Romani
                <lb/>
              poſtea ijſdem moribus delectati, theatra & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13062" xml:space="preserve">ipſi in vrbe uoluere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13063" xml:space="preserve">Sed ab initio lignea, non lapidea, neque mar-
                <lb/>
              morea conſtituere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13064" xml:space="preserve">ad tempus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13065" xml:space="preserve">inde maiori ſumptu lignea, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13066" xml:space="preserve">ad tempus etiam fecere, quemadmodum Legitur
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.202-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.202-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              de theatro M. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13067" xml:space="preserve">Scauri ædilis ad menſem octuaginta millium hominum capaci. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13068" xml:space="preserve">Tertiam epiſcenum habens, ter-
                <lb/>
              centum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13069" xml:space="preserve">ſexaginta columnis marmoreis ornatam, nam primi ordinis colunœ erant pedum 37, inferior
                <lb/>
              autem ſcenæ pars marmorea. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13070" xml:space="preserve">Media uitrea, ſumma inaurata erat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13071" xml:space="preserve">inter columnas ad tria millia ſigna ex metal-
                <lb/>
              lo poſita erant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13072" xml:space="preserve">Theatrum huiuſmodi cœteris maius cum eſſet, nec facile eius imitari magnificentiam cum
                <lb/>
              Curio non poſſet, cum funus patris, ludosq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13073" xml:space="preserve">inſtituiſſet, induſtriœ ſe dedit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13074" xml:space="preserve">itaque duo theatra lignea axibus in-
                <lb/>
              nixa conſtituit, ita ut ſpectante, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13075" xml:space="preserve">ſedente populo circumuolui poſſent, modoq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13076" xml:space="preserve">bina theatra partita, modo in
                <lb/>
              unum amphitheatrum cohærentia cernerentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13077" xml:space="preserve">Resmira, periculoſæq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13078" xml:space="preserve">plena aleæ, ingenioſa, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13079" xml:space="preserve">multis indiga
                <lb/>
              ergatis, rotulisq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13080" xml:space="preserve">, quibus facile conuolui poſſet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13081" xml:space="preserve">nos hic quomodo id ſieri poſſet dicemus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13082" xml:space="preserve">Semidiameter theatri
                <lb/>
              in partes I8, a circumferentia partiatur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13083" xml:space="preserve">in ſeptima centrum axis figatur, in quo theatrum ſubiectis ro-
                <lb/>
              tulis, tanquam cilindris æneis circumuoluatur, eorum axibus ad axes theatrorum reſpondentibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13084" xml:space="preserve">Axes
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.202-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.202-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              utriuſque theatri in eadem linea constituantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13085" xml:space="preserve">horum interualla duorum erunt ſemidiametrorum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13086" xml:space="preserve">decima
                <lb/>
              octaua ſemidiametri parte, uoluiq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13087" xml:space="preserve">debent unus poſt alterum, quemadmodum ingenioſus Franciſcus Marco-
                <lb/>
              linus recte conſiderauit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13088" xml:space="preserve">Poſt hæc Gn. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13089" xml:space="preserve">Pompeius ad œternitatem reſpiciens theatrum lapideum fecit magnifice
                <lb/>
              ornatum, unde celebre factum fuit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13090" xml:space="preserve">prœter id Lugduni Marcellus Octauiæ Auguſti ſororis filius theatrum
                <lb/>
              octuaginta millium hominum capax ædificauit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13091" xml:space="preserve">Cornelius Balbus aliud Augusti ſuaſu theatrum Romæ con
                <lb/>
              ſtituit; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13092" xml:space="preserve">multaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13093" xml:space="preserve">etiam in reliquis Italiæ urbibus tam lignea, quàm lapidea thea@ra ædificauerunt antiqui, quo-
                <lb/>
              rum una ratio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13094" xml:space="preserve">ſinis, diuerſa licet magnitudo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13095" xml:space="preserve"># Plinius libro trigeſimo ſexto ita inquit, Theatra duo ita
                <lb/>
              fecit ampliſſima e ligno cardinum ſingulorum uerſatili ſuſpenſa libramento, in quibus utriſque antemeridiano
                <lb/>
              ludorum ſpectaculo edito, inter ſe ſe auerſis, ne inuicem obſtreperent ſcenœ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13096" xml:space="preserve">repente circumactis ut contra
                <lb/>
              starent, postremo iam die deſcendentibus tabulis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13097" xml:space="preserve">cornibus inter ſe coeuntibus, faciebat amphitehatrum,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.202-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.202-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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