Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div457" type="section" level="2" n="79">
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12981" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="170" file="514.01.202" n="202" rhead="LIBER"/>
              circum ſæpe aqua ad naumachias ducebatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12982" xml:space="preserve">Amphitheatrum tanquam ex duobus theatris frontibus und
                <lb/>
              poſitis compoſitum erat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12983" xml:space="preserve">omnia hæc ex uſu ita constituebantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12984" xml:space="preserve">De theatro uero dicamus, ex fine ipſum con-
                <lb/>
              ſtitui, ea forma, quam ponit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12985" xml:space="preserve">ut igitur omittamus ea, quœ omni œdificio conueniunt, ideſt ſalubritas loci,
                <lb/>
              fundamentorum ſoliditas, areaq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12986" xml:space="preserve">, de quibus copioſe ſuperius eſt diſputatum, conſiderare debemus perſonxs,
                <lb/>
              quæ ad ſpectacula ſe conferunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12987" xml:space="preserve">ſpectacula ipſa:</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12988" xml:space="preserve">, quæ fiunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12989" xml:space="preserve">Si perſonas reſpicimus, inueniemus multitudi-
                <lb/>
              nem nobilium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12990" xml:space="preserve">plebis, quæ ſimul eunt, una manent, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12991" xml:space="preserve">forte ſimul diſcedunt, ideo aditus multi requiruntur,
                <lb/>
              exitusq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12992" xml:space="preserve">, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12993" xml:space="preserve">aſcenſus ſine impedimento, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12994" xml:space="preserve">ambulationes, tectaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12995" xml:space="preserve">adimbres euitandos. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12996" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12997" xml:space="preserve">quoniam diu, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12998" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              longo tempore in ſpectatione ludorum morantur, neceſſaria eſt ſedendi commoditas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s12999" xml:space="preserve">alibi ut nobiles, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13000" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              patritij, alibi ut uulgus & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13001" xml:space="preserve">populus ſedeat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13002" xml:space="preserve">Nobiles inferiores ſedes occupabunt, populus altiores, nam fator,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13003" xml:space="preserve">turpis odor in altum euehitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13004" xml:space="preserve">ne igtur nobiles offendãtur, inferius ſedere debent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13005" xml:space="preserve">Omnes tamen ita commo-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.202-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.202-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              de ſedebunt, ut audire, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13006" xml:space="preserve">ſpectare poßint. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13007" xml:space="preserve">Actores, histrionesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13008" xml:space="preserve">loca habeant, in quibus ſe commode parent,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13009" xml:space="preserve">unde egrediantur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13010" xml:space="preserve">atque hæc ad perſonas pertinent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13011" xml:space="preserve">Quæ uero ad ſpectacula ſpectant ſunt hæc. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13012" xml:space="preserve">primum
                <lb/>
              uniuerſa loci ſpecies, nam in theatris poemata recitantur, muſici inducuntur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13013" xml:space="preserve">ideo neceſſe est eam formam
                <lb/>
              theatro dare, ut audire poſſint poemata, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13014" xml:space="preserve">ſonos. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13015" xml:space="preserve">Deinde neceſſe eſt uocis motus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13016" xml:space="preserve">loci qualitatem conſidc-
                <lb/>
              rare, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13017" xml:space="preserve">quæ ſit uocis aſcenſus ratio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13018" xml:space="preserve">quomodo unà ad aures perueniat, unde de harmonia, uaſisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13019" xml:space="preserve">ſonum
                <lb/>
              mittentibus eſt dicendum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13020" xml:space="preserve">Quæ omnia diligentiſſime abſoluit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13021" xml:space="preserve">De ſalubritate loci primo agit, rationemq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13022" xml:space="preserve">rei reddit, nosq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13023" xml:space="preserve">ad primum uolumen remittit, in quo ea diligenter eſt perſequutus, quæ ad locorum electionem
                <lb/>
              pertinent, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13024" xml:space="preserve">hoc loco facilia ſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13025" xml:space="preserve">mox de fundamentis loquitur dicens.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13026" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13027" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Fvndamentorvm</emph>
              autem ſi in montibus fuerit, facilior erit ratio, ſed ſi neceſsitas coegerit in pla
                <lb/>
              no, uel in paluſtri loco ea conſtitui, ſolidationes, ſubſtructionesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13028" xml:space="preserve">ita erunt faciendæ, quemadmodum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.202-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.202-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              de fundationibus ædium ſacrarum in tertio libro eſt ſcriptum.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13029" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13030" xml:space="preserve">Minor ſumptus, commoditas amplior, ſoliditas firmior erat, ubi theatrorum fundamenta in montibus
                <lb/>
              iacienda erant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13031" xml:space="preserve">Mons enim gradationibus faciendis commodior, firmiſſimis tanquam humeris pondus ſuftine-
                <lb/>
              bat, ita ut animaduertere nt antiqui in theatris constituendis ad loca eminentia, quœ uel montes eſſent, uel mon
                <lb/>
              tibus ſimilia: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13032" xml:space="preserve">ſed cum neceßitas cogebat in plano, uel palustri loco ea conſtitui, tum ſolidum erat quærendum,
                <lb/>
              uel ſubstructiones, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13033" xml:space="preserve">ſolidationes faciendœ, quemadmodum ſupra dictum est. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13034" xml:space="preserve">Recte antem dixit { Sineceſ-
                <lb/>
              ſitas coegerit loco palustri} nam ſupra euitanda loca paluſtria eſſe monuit, niſi paludes eæſint, quales erant
                <lb/>
              Altini, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13035" xml:space="preserve">Aquileiæ & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13036" xml:space="preserve">quales Venetœ hodie ſunt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13037" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13038" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Insvper</emph>
              . </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13039" xml:space="preserve">fundamenta lapideis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13040" xml:space="preserve">marmoreis copijs gradationes ab ſubſtructione fieri debent.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13041" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13042" xml:space="preserve">Statim a fundamento gradationes faciendæ, aut marmoreæ, ſi adeſt copia; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13043" xml:space="preserve">aut lapideæ, ſi ſumptui parcen-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.202-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.202-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              dum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13044" xml:space="preserve">Ecce poſt ſalubritatem loci, commoditatem quœrit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13045" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13046" xml:space="preserve">magnificentiam operis, qualis non erat an-
                <lb/>
              tiquitus, cum dicat Ouidius.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13047" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13048" xml:space="preserve">Primus ſollicitos feciſti Romule ludos, # Illic quas tulerant nemo roſa palatia frondes
                <lb/>
              # Cum uidit uiduos rapta Sabina uiros. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13049" xml:space="preserve"># Simpliciter poſitæ ſcena ſine arte fuit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13050" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13051" xml:space="preserve">Tum neq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13052" xml:space="preserve">marmoreo pendebant uela Theatro, # In gradibus ſedit populus de ceſpite factis, &</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13053" xml:space="preserve">c.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13054" xml:space="preserve"># Nec fuerant liquido pulpita rubra croco.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13055" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13056" xml:space="preserve">Solebant feſtis diebus rustici conuenire ſimul, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13057" xml:space="preserve">ſacra diuerſa, ludosq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13058" xml:space="preserve">facere, qui mos uſque adeò placuit
                <lb/>
              Athenienſibus, ut primi in ciuitaiem eum induxerint; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13059" xml:space="preserve">Locumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13060" xml:space="preserve">ludorum theatrum nominauerunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13061" xml:space="preserve">Romani
                <lb/>
              poſtea ijſdem moribus delectati, theatra & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13062" xml:space="preserve">ipſi in vrbe uoluere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13063" xml:space="preserve">Sed ab initio lignea, non lapidea, neque mar-
                <lb/>
              morea conſtituere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13064" xml:space="preserve">ad tempus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13065" xml:space="preserve">inde maiori ſumptu lignea, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13066" xml:space="preserve">ad tempus etiam fecere, quemadmodum Legitur
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.202-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.202-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              de theatro M. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13067" xml:space="preserve">Scauri ædilis ad menſem octuaginta millium hominum capaci. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13068" xml:space="preserve">Tertiam epiſcenum habens, ter-
                <lb/>
              centum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13069" xml:space="preserve">ſexaginta columnis marmoreis ornatam, nam primi ordinis colunœ erant pedum 37, inferior
                <lb/>
              autem ſcenæ pars marmorea. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13070" xml:space="preserve">Media uitrea, ſumma inaurata erat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13071" xml:space="preserve">inter columnas ad tria millia ſigna ex metal-
                <lb/>
              lo poſita erant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13072" xml:space="preserve">Theatrum huiuſmodi cœteris maius cum eſſet, nec facile eius imitari magnificentiam cum
                <lb/>
              Curio non poſſet, cum funus patris, ludosq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13073" xml:space="preserve">inſtituiſſet, induſtriœ ſe dedit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13074" xml:space="preserve">itaque duo theatra lignea axibus in-
                <lb/>
              nixa conſtituit, ita ut ſpectante, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13075" xml:space="preserve">ſedente populo circumuolui poſſent, modoq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13076" xml:space="preserve">bina theatra partita, modo in
                <lb/>
              unum amphitheatrum cohærentia cernerentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13077" xml:space="preserve">Resmira, periculoſæq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13078" xml:space="preserve">plena aleæ, ingenioſa, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13079" xml:space="preserve">multis indiga
                <lb/>
              ergatis, rotulisq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13080" xml:space="preserve">, quibus facile conuolui poſſet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13081" xml:space="preserve">nos hic quomodo id ſieri poſſet dicemus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13082" xml:space="preserve">Semidiameter theatri
                <lb/>
              in partes I8, a circumferentia partiatur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13083" xml:space="preserve">in ſeptima centrum axis figatur, in quo theatrum ſubiectis ro-
                <lb/>
              tulis, tanquam cilindris æneis circumuoluatur, eorum axibus ad axes theatrorum reſpondentibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13084" xml:space="preserve">Axes
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.202-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.202-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              utriuſque theatri in eadem linea constituantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13085" xml:space="preserve">horum interualla duorum erunt ſemidiametrorum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13086" xml:space="preserve">decima
                <lb/>
              octaua ſemidiametri parte, uoluiq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13087" xml:space="preserve">debent unus poſt alterum, quemadmodum ingenioſus Franciſcus Marco-
                <lb/>
              linus recte conſiderauit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13088" xml:space="preserve">Poſt hæc Gn. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13089" xml:space="preserve">Pompeius ad œternitatem reſpiciens theatrum lapideum fecit magnifice
                <lb/>
              ornatum, unde celebre factum fuit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13090" xml:space="preserve">prœter id Lugduni Marcellus Octauiæ Auguſti ſororis filius theatrum
                <lb/>
              octuaginta millium hominum capax ædificauit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13091" xml:space="preserve">Cornelius Balbus aliud Augusti ſuaſu theatrum Romæ con
                <lb/>
              ſtituit; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13092" xml:space="preserve">multaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13093" xml:space="preserve">etiam in reliquis Italiæ urbibus tam lignea, quàm lapidea thea@ra ædificauerunt antiqui, quo-
                <lb/>
              rum una ratio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13094" xml:space="preserve">ſinis, diuerſa licet magnitudo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13095" xml:space="preserve"># Plinius libro trigeſimo ſexto ita inquit, Theatra duo ita
                <lb/>
              fecit ampliſſima e ligno cardinum ſingulorum uerſatili ſuſpenſa libramento, in quibus utriſque antemeridiano
                <lb/>
              ludorum ſpectaculo edito, inter ſe ſe auerſis, ne inuicem obſtreperent ſcenœ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13096" xml:space="preserve">repente circumactis ut contra
                <lb/>
              starent, postremo iam die deſcendentibus tabulis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s13097" xml:space="preserve">cornibus inter ſe coeuntibus, faciebat amphitehatrum,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.202-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.202-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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