Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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              <s xml:id="echoid-s16733" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="229" file="514.01.261" n="261" rhead="SEXTVS."/>
              uidendum eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16734" xml:space="preserve">Est & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16735" xml:space="preserve">aliud præceptum, quàm minime in noſtra ciuitate obſeruatum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16736" xml:space="preserve">Atque illud est, non
                <lb/>
              debere nos columnas, aut pilas, aut parietes ſupra collocare, qui ad perpendiculum inferiorum columnarum
                <lb/>
              pilarum, aut parietum non cadant, tum quia error eſt ſuperiora ab inferioribus non naſci, tum quia pericu-
                <lb/>
              lum ruinæ ædificiorum cito imminet cum paries tranſuerſus ſupra contignationem ducitur nullo pariete ſub-
                <lb/>
              iecto, quod noſtriin aere fabricare uocant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16737" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16738" xml:space="preserve">dicit ſi in pendentibus onera fuerint parietum, aut columna-
                <lb/>
              rum, non poterunt perpetuam babere firmitatem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16739" xml:space="preserve">inde ad aliud præceptum progreditur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16740" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16741" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Praeterea</emph>
              inter limina ſecundum pilas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16742" xml:space="preserve">antas, poſtes ſi ſupponantur, c unt non uitioſæ, li-
                <lb/>
              mina enim & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16743" xml:space="preserve">trabes ſtructuris cum ſint oneratæ medio ſpatio pandantes frangunt ſub lyſi ſtructu-
                <lb/>
              ras, cum autem ſubiecti ſuerint, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16744" xml:space="preserve">ſubcuneati poſtes non patiuntur inſidere trabes neq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16745" xml:space="preserve">eas lædere.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16746" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16747" xml:space="preserve">Vbi limina, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16748" xml:space="preserve">ſupraliminaria, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16749" xml:space="preserve">trabes ſunt, quæ a lateribus pilas, ſeu antas babeant, quas nos ertas
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.261-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.261-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              uocamus, quemadmodum in ianuis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16750" xml:space="preserve">ſenestris eſſe ſolent, oportet, ſi fractionem liminum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16751" xml:space="preserve">ſtructurarum
                <lb/>
              quæ ſub liminibus fiunt, euitare nelimus, ut postes a capitibus liminum ſubijciamus, nos relaſſos uocamus, li-
                <lb/>
              mmum enim capita ſuper eos poſtes collocantur, ſpatium uerò quod ſub liminibus eſt uacuum reliquitur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16752" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              lnnen nibil babet inferius, quod contingat, unde non frangitur, nec ſtructuram ſub eo frangi permittit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16753" xml:space="preserve">Quod
                <lb/>
              autem Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16754" xml:space="preserve">dixit { frangunt ſub lyſi ſtructuras } ita intelligo, quod ſi trabes aut limina incuruata ponderi ce-
                <lb/>
              dunt, franguntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16755" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16756" xml:space="preserve">ſub lyſi, ideſt ſub plano frangunt structuras. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16757" xml:space="preserve">Lyſim enim ſupra diximus eſſe ſtyloba-
                <lb/>
              tis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16758" xml:space="preserve">podij planam illam ſuperficiem lapidis, in qua balustia inuebuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16759" xml:space="preserve">Vocabulum architectonicũ eſt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16760" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16761" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Item</emph>
              adminiſtrandum eſt uti leuent onus parietum fornicationes cuneorum diuiſionibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16762" xml:space="preserve">ad
                <lb/>
              centrum reſpondentes earum concluſuræ, cum enim extra trabes, aut liminum capita, arcus cuneis
                <lb/>
              erunt concluſi, primum non pandabit materies leuata onere; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16763" xml:space="preserve">deinde ſi quod e uetuſtate uitium cœ-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.261-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.261-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              perit, ſine molitione fulturarum faciliter mutabitur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16764" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16765" xml:space="preserve">Hoc in antiquis ædificijs Romæ mdetur in parietibus enim ſunt arcus cuneis ad centrum reſpondentibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16766" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              ſupra portarum limina, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16767" xml:space="preserve">ſupra feneſtrarum trabes, qui parietum onera maxime leuant, cum rectè ſacti ſint,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16768" xml:space="preserve">extra liminum, uel trabium capita poſiti. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16769" xml:space="preserve">ac ſi quid est uitium ob uetuſtatem, non neceſſe erit admouere
                <lb/>
              fu lcimental, ſi quid erit immutandum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16770" xml:space="preserve">ſulturas nos puntellos uocamus, quibus non eſt opus, cum parietes for-
                <lb/>
              nicantur cunneorum diuiſionibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16771" xml:space="preserve">ad centrum reſpondentes ſint earum concluſuræ, modo extra trabes, aut
                <lb/>
              liminum capita (ut dixi) arcus cuneis non concludantur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16772" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16773" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Item</emph>
              q́ quæ pilatim aguntur ædificia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16774" xml:space="preserve">cuneorum diuiſionibus coagmentis ad centrum reſpon-
                <lb/>
              dentibus, fornices concluduntur, extremæ portæ in his latiores ſpatio ſunt faciendæ, uti uires eæ ha-
                <lb/>
              bentes reſiſtere poſsint, cum cunei ab oneribus parietum preſsi per coagmenta ad centrum ſe præ-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.261-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.261-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              mentes extruderint incumbas. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16775" xml:space="preserve">Itaque ſi angulares pilæ erunt ſpatioſis magnitudinibus continendo
                <lb/>
              cuneos, firmitatem operibus præſtabunt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16776" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16777" xml:space="preserve">Per pilas quadratas aguntur ædificia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16778" xml:space="preserve">ſpatia inter eas ſunt arcubus concluſa, cuneiq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16779" xml:space="preserve">lapidum ad cen-
                <lb/>
              trum reſpondentes fornices, arcusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16780" xml:space="preserve">conficiunt, de ij ædificijus præcipit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16781" xml:space="preserve">ut quæ in angulis pilæ ſunt ſuturæ,
                <lb/>
              latiores & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16782" xml:space="preserve">craſſiores fiant, quam mediæ, cuius ratio eſt, quoniam forniciei arcuum coagmenta pondere pa-
                <lb/>
              rietum premuntur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16783" xml:space="preserve">ita preſſa extrudunt incumbas, id est impostas ab imponendo quas nos dicimus, id est
                <lb/>
              eam pilæ partem, ubiarcus innituntur, medij enim arcus fornicesq́ in medianis pilis incumbentes, alter alteri
                <lb/>
              ſubſidio eſt, ſed extremis pilis impoſiti, niſi craſſitudinem pilarum pro fulcimento babeant, facile dilabuntur,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16784" xml:space="preserve">diſſipantur, extruſis in diuerſas partes incumbis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16785" xml:space="preserve">Videtur hoc loco Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16786" xml:space="preserve">genus illud innuere, quod nos
                <lb/>
              ruſticum appellamus, quod magnis lapidibus ſtuitur, coagmentis diuiſum, quæ nos bugnos nominamus, nam
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.261-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.261-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              cuneorum diuſiones coagmenta uocat, cunei uero diuerſis modis coagmentantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16787" xml:space="preserve">diuerſam ſpeciem præ-
                <lb/>
              ferunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16788" xml:space="preserve">modo enim rudibus lapidibus, modo planis fiunt, interim aliter, atque aliter diuiduntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16789" xml:space="preserve">qui uero in
                <lb/>
              arcus, fornicesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16790" xml:space="preserve">cadunt, ad centrum omnes reſpondere debent, medius autem ſolus ad perpendiculum medij
                <lb/>
              centricadat oportet.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16791" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16792" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Cvm</emph>
              in his rebus animaduerſum ſuerit, uti ca diligentia in his adhibeatur, non minus etiam obſer-
                <lb/>
              uandum eſt, uti omnes ſtructuræ perpendiculo reſpondeãt, neque habeant in ulla parte proclinatiões.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16793" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16794" xml:space="preserve">Aliud præceptum maxime obſeruandum affert Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16795" xml:space="preserve">ut diligentiſſime prouideamus quod omnes structur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16796" xml:space="preserve">æ
                <lb/>
              perpendiculo reſpondeant, nibil proclinatum, nibil ſit extra ſolidum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16797" xml:space="preserve">uiuum, ut nos dicimus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16798" xml:space="preserve">perpendiculi
                <lb/>
              formas duas ponit philander, quibus paſſim utimur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16799" xml:space="preserve">nos hoc loco ea deſcribemus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16800" xml:space="preserve">Regulam capimus in
                <lb/>
              cuius longitudine media, quam longa ſit, lineam deſcribimus ab extremo altero eius regulæ plumbum e filo
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.261-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.261-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              pendeat, in altero extremo ad finem lineæ for amen ſit tantæ magnitudinis, ut erecta regula pendens e filo plum-
                <lb/>
              bum intrare poſſit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16801" xml:space="preserve">Regula ſic compoſita structuris admouetur, quæſi rectæ erunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16802" xml:space="preserve">in nullam partem
                <lb/>
              proclinabunt, ſilum e quo pendet plumbum, per totam longitudinem lineam deſcriptam tanget. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16803" xml:space="preserve">Si aliqua ſue
                <lb/>
              rit inclinatio, ipſum filum extra lineam cadere oportet.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16804" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16805" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">MAxima</emph>
              autem debet eſſe cura ſubſtructionum, quod in his infinita uiria ſolet facere terræ con
                <lb/>
              geſtio; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16806" xml:space="preserve">ea enim non poteſt eſſe ſemper uno pondere, quo ſolet eſſe per æſtatem, ſed hybernis tem-
                <lb/>
              poribus recipiendo ex imbribus aquæ multitudinem creſcens, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16807" xml:space="preserve">pondere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16808" xml:space="preserve">amplitudine diſrumpit,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16809" xml:space="preserve">extrudit ſtructurarum ſeptiones. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16810" xml:space="preserve">Itaque ut huic uitio medeatur, ſic erit ſaciendum, uti primum
                <lb/>
              pro amplitudine congeſtionis craſsitudo ſtructuræ conſtituatur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16811" xml:space="preserve">deinde in frontibus anterides, ſiue
                <lb/>
              eriſmæ ſint, unà ſtruantur, eæq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16812" xml:space="preserve">inter ſe diſtent tanto, quanto altitudo ſub ſtructionis eſt ſutura,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.261-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.261-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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