Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567
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                <pb o="230" file="514.01.262" n="262" rhead="LIBER"/>
              craſsitudine ea, qua ſubſtructio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16813" xml:space="preserve">procurrant autem ab imo, per quam craſsitudo conſtituta ſuerit
                <lb/>
              ſubſtructionis, deinde contrahantur gradatim, ita uti ſumman habeant prominentiam, quanta ope-
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              ris eſt craſsitudo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16814" xml:space="preserve">præterea introrſus contra terrenum, uti dentes coniuncti muro ſerratim, uti ſinguli
                <lb/>
              dentes ab muro tantum diſcedant, quanta altitudo futura erit ſubſtructionis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16815" xml:space="preserve">Craſsitudinis autem
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              habeant dentium ſtructuræ uti muri. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16816" xml:space="preserve">Item in extremis angulis cum receſſum ſuerit ab interiore an-
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              gulo, ſpatio altitudinis ſubſtructionis in utranque partem ſignetur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16817" xml:space="preserve">ab his ſignis diagnoios ſtructu.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16818" xml:space="preserve">ra collocetur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16819" xml:space="preserve">ab ea media altera coniuncta cum angulo muri. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16820" xml:space="preserve">Ita dentes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16821" xml:space="preserve">diagoniæ ſtructurę non
                <lb/>
              patientur tota ui premere murum, ſed diſsipabunt retinendo impetum congeſtionis.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16822" xml:space="preserve"/>
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              <s xml:id="echoid-s16823" xml:space="preserve">Nil prodeſſet poſtes liminibus ſupponere, parietes fornicari, arcus cuneatim ducere, ſuperiora ad perpen-
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              diculum inferiorum reſpondere, inferiora eſſe craſſiora ſuperioribus, ſtructuras nullas babere proclinationes,
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              niſi ſubſtructio & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16824" xml:space="preserve">fundatio rectè facta poſſet tot onera ſuſtinere: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16825" xml:space="preserve">quare maximam curam ſubſtructionis ha-
                <lb/>
              bendam monet Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16826" xml:space="preserve">atque ea de cauſa præcipue, quoniam terræ congeſtio infinita uitia facere ſolet, quibus
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              medendum eſt quam primum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16827" xml:space="preserve">prouidendum ante quàm periculum ruinæ immineat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16828" xml:space="preserve">probat autem ab ipſa
                <lb/>
              terræ natura uitia fieri poſſe, terra enim alio pondere per æſtatem, alio per hyemem eſſe ſolet; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16829" xml:space="preserve">œstate enimfic-
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              citate coacta leuior eſt; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16830" xml:space="preserve">per byemem autem imbrium bumorem recipiens, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16831" xml:space="preserve">pondere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16832" xml:space="preserve">amplitudine creſcit,
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              unde cum ampliorem locum requirat, contineaturq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16833" xml:space="preserve">ſtructurarum ſeptionibus, ſi pondus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16834" xml:space="preserve">amplitudo eius
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              præualet, diſrumpit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16835" xml:space="preserve">extrudit ſtructurarum ſepta, unde quicquid ſuperſtruitur, neceſſariò ruit, cum ſuſti-
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              neri ab extruſa ſubſtructione non poßit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16836" xml:space="preserve">imaginemur igitur aream quadratam, in qua ſit ædificandum, primo
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              prouidendum est in ſubstructione, ut eius structura pro amplitudine congeſtionis craſſa fiat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16837" xml:space="preserve">circundabit
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              igitur ſubstructio aream uniuerſam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16838" xml:space="preserve">partes areæ ſecundum partium ædificij diſpoſitionem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16839" xml:space="preserve">uestigium om-
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              nium membrorum deformabit, tunc conſiderandum eſt ſeptionem ſtructuræ ab exterioribus frontibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16840" xml:space="preserve">ab
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              interioribus partibus eſſe muniendam, ita ut duplici uitio, quod poteſt fieri ex terræ congeſtione, amplitudine,
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              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16841" xml:space="preserve">pondere, prouideatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16842" xml:space="preserve">Neigitur amplitudo terræ diſrumpat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16843" xml:space="preserve">extrudat ſtructuræ ſeptionem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16844" xml:space="preserve">am-
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              bitum areæ ſubstructione fundatum, pro frontibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16845" xml:space="preserve">ab exteriore parte anterides, quas nos contrafortes,
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              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16846" xml:space="preserve">ſperones dicimus, Græci uerò eriſmata uocant, unà ſtruantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16847" xml:space="preserve">harum officium eſt obniti muris, ne extru-
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              dantur ab creſcente, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16848" xml:space="preserve">intumeſcente terreno. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16849" xml:space="preserve">pedes eriſmatum, ſeu anteridum tantum procurrere debent,
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              ab imo, quantum craſſitudo ſubstructionis est ſutura. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16850" xml:space="preserve">Gradatim uero contrabantur uſque ad ſummam ſub-
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              ſtructionem, ita ut cum ſubſtructionis ſummitate conueniant, efficiantq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16851" xml:space="preserve">quaſi trigonum rectangulum, cu-
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              ius ſubtenſa ſit ab extremo pede ad ſummam ſubstructionem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16852" xml:space="preserve">diſtent uero inter ſe anterides tanto ſpatio,
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              quanto altitudo ſubſtructionis est futura, atque ita prouiſum erit, ne amplitudo terræ diſrumpat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16853" xml:space="preserve">extrudat
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              structureæ ſeptionem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16854" xml:space="preserve">Ne autem pondus congeſtionis, murorumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16855" xml:space="preserve">premat inferiores ſtructuras, ita ut diſſi-
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              pentur, ſic erit faciendum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16856" xml:space="preserve">conſideretur ſtructuræ iam dicta ſeptio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16857" xml:space="preserve">habet illa angulos introrſus iuxta diſpo-
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              ſitionem parietum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16858" xml:space="preserve">habet & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16859" xml:space="preserve">partes uerſus aream reſpicientes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16860" xml:space="preserve">in ea terræ congeſtio eſt, quare introrſus
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              contra terenum struendi ſunt dentes coniuncti muro ad modum ſerræ, quemadmodum libro primo cap. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16861" xml:space="preserve">5. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16862" xml:space="preserve">ex-
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              poſuimus, tantum uero ſinguli dentes ab muro diſcedere debent, quanta altitudo erit ſub ctructionis, ſint autẽ
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              tam craſſi, uti muri. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16863" xml:space="preserve">cæterum uti hi dentes contineantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16864" xml:space="preserve">firmitatis initium habeant, recedendum est ab in-
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              terioribus angulis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16865" xml:space="preserve">oppoſitis tanto ſpatio, quanto erit altitudo ſubstructionis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16866" xml:space="preserve">in utranq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16867" xml:space="preserve">partem ſignum
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              faciendum est in terminis receſſionis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16868" xml:space="preserve">ab bis ſignis diagonios ſtructura collocetur, hoc erit intium firmitatis,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16869" xml:space="preserve">colligationis dentium, modo ab ea ſtructura media altera ſit coniuncta cum angulo muri. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16870" xml:space="preserve">Ita dentes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16871" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              diagoniæ ſtructuræ non patientur tota ui premere murum, ſed diſſipabunt retinendo impetum congestionis, hoc
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              quoque libro primo dixit cap. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16872" xml:space="preserve">5. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16873" xml:space="preserve">cum enim ſic erit factum, tunc ita oneris terreni magnitudo diſtributa in
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              paruas partes, neque uni uerſa pondere premens, poterit ulla ratione extrudere muri ſubſtructiones.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16874" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
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              <s xml:id="echoid-s16875" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Qvemad modvm</emph>
              opera ſine uitijs oporteat conſtitui, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16876" xml:space="preserve">uti caueatur incipiẽtibus expoſui. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16877" xml:space="preserve">namq́;
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              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16878" xml:space="preserve">de regulis, aut tignis, aut aſſeribus immutandis, non eadem eſt cura, quemadmodum de his, quod ea
                <lb/>
              quamuis ſint uitioſa faciliter mutantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16879" xml:space="preserve">Ita quę nec ſolida quidem putantur eſſe, quibus rationibus
                <lb/>
              hæc poterunt eſſe ſirma, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16880" xml:space="preserve">quemadmodum in ſtituantur, expoſui.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16881" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16882" xml:space="preserve">Sunt uitia, quæ præcauere incipientes debent, ſunt & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16883" xml:space="preserve">quæ factis iam operibus emendantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16884" xml:space="preserve">de ijs quæ præ-
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              caueri debent, maxime curandum est, ante quàm incipiamus, nam poſtea nullam habent medellam. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16885" xml:space="preserve">Deillis
                <lb/>
              uerò, quæ iam factis operibus aliqua de cauſa fiunt, quàm facillime mutantur, non eadẽ eſt habenda cura. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16886" xml:space="preserve">in
                <lb/>
              promptu enim eſt tignorum, aſſerumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16887" xml:space="preserve">mutatio, aliarumq́ rerum refectio, ut quotidianus uſus docet, quoniã
                <lb/>
              uerò, ut initio diximus, res primo ſunt, deinde ornantur, ornari enim quod non eſt, nibil poteſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16888" xml:space="preserve">ideo poſitis iam
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              rebus ædificijsq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16889" xml:space="preserve">ſecundum genera quæq́ue ſua ad eorum ornamenta ueniendum eſt, ne uero aliquid deſidere-
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              tur, pauca quædam de refectionibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16890" xml:space="preserve">emendationibus dicemus in fine huins libri, ne uero diſtributionis im-
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              memor in priuatis ædificijs uideatur eſſe Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16891" xml:space="preserve">monet nos hoc mode, quemadmodum primo libro & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16892" xml:space="preserve">alibi
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              etiam fecit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16893" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16894" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Qvibvs</emph>
              autem copiarum generibus oporteat uti, non eſt Architecti poteſtas, ideo quod non in
                <lb/>
              omnibus locis omnia genera copiarum naſcuntur, uti in proximo uolumine eſt expoſitum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16895" xml:space="preserve">Præterea
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              in domini eſt poteſtate utrum lateritio, aut cæmentitio, an ſaxo uelit ædificare.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16896" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16897" xml:space="preserve">Quemadmodum orator a cliente ſingrapha, conuentiones, testes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16898" xml:space="preserve">res alias habere debet, quas poſtea
                <lb/>
              in ordinem probationum ponit, auget, ornatq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s16899" xml:space="preserve">ex artis præceptis, nec in ſua eſt poteſtate res eſſicere, quæ </s>
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