Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567
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              <s xml:id="echoid-s17137" xml:space="preserve">
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              cturæ ſoliditate, dextra ac ſiniſtra ſecundum ſe facit in pauimentis neceſſario rimas. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17138" xml:space="preserve">Item danda eſt
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              opera, ne cõmiſceantur axes eſculini quernis, quòd querni ſimul ac humorem perceperunt ſetorquen
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              tes rimas faciunt in pauimentis; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17139" xml:space="preserve">ſin autem eſculus non erit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17140" xml:space="preserve">neceſsitas coegerit propter inopiam
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              uti quernis, ſic uidetur eſſe faciendum, ut ſecentur tenuiores: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17141" xml:space="preserve">quo minus enim ualuerint, eo facilius
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              clauis fixi continebuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17142" xml:space="preserve">Deinde in ſingulis tignis extremis partibus axis bini claui figantur, uti nul-
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              la ex parte poſsint ſe torquendo anguli excitare. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17143" xml:space="preserve">Namque de cerro, aut fago, ſeu farno, nullus ad
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              uetuſtatem poteſt permanere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17144" xml:space="preserve">Coaxationibus factis, ſi erit filex, ſi non, palea ſubſternatur, uti mate-
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              ries a calcis uitijs defendatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17145" xml:space="preserve">Tunc in ſuper ſtatuminetur non minore ſaxo, quàm quòd poſsit manũ
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              implere: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17146" xml:space="preserve">ſtatuminibus inductis ruderetur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17147" xml:space="preserve">Rudus ſi nouum erit ad tres partes una calcis miſceatur,
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              ſi rediuiuum ſuerit, quinque ad duum mixtiones habeant reſponſum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17148" xml:space="preserve">Deinde rudus inducatur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17149" xml:space="preserve">ue-
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              ctibus ligneis decurijs inductis crebiter pinſatione ſolidetur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17150" xml:space="preserve">id non minus pinſum abſolutum ſit
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              craſsitudine dodrantis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17151" xml:space="preserve">Inſuper ex teſta nucleus inducatur mixtionem habens ad tres partes unam cal-
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              cis, uti ne minore ſit craſsitudine pauimentum digitorum ſenum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17152" xml:space="preserve">Supra rudum ad regulam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17153" xml:space="preserve">libel-
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              lam exacta pauimenta ſtruantur, ſiue ſectilibus, ſiue teſſeris. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17154" xml:space="preserve">Cum ea extructa ſuerint, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17155" xml:space="preserve">faſtigia ex-
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              tructiones habuerint, ita fricentur, uti ſi ſectilia ſint, nulli gradus in ſcutulis, aut trigonis, aut quadra-
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              tis, ſeu fauis extent, ſed coagmentorum compoſitio planam habeat inter ſe directionem: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17156" xml:space="preserve">ſi teſſeris ſtru
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              ctum erit, ut eæ omnes angulos habeant æquales, nullibiq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17157" xml:space="preserve">a fricatura extantes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17158" xml:space="preserve">Cum enim anguli
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              non fuerint omnes ęqualiter plani, non erit exacta, uti oportet fricatura. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17159" xml:space="preserve">Item teſtacea ſpicata tibur-
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              tina ſunt diligenter exigenda, ut non habeant lacunas, nec extantes tumulos, ſed ſint extenſa, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17160" xml:space="preserve">ad
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              regulam perfricata. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17161" xml:space="preserve">ſuper fricaturam lęuigationibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17162" xml:space="preserve">polituris cum fuerint perfecta, incernatur mar
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              mor, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17163" xml:space="preserve">ſupra loricæ ex calce, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17164" xml:space="preserve">arena inducantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17165" xml:space="preserve">Sub dio uero maximè idonea faciunda ſunt paui-
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              menta, quod contignationes humore creſcentes, aut ſiccitate decreſcentes, ſeu pandationibus ſiden-
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              tes mouendo ſe faciunt uitia pauimentis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17166" xml:space="preserve">præterea gelicidia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17167" xml:space="preserve">pruinæ non patiuntur ea integra per-
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              manere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17168" xml:space="preserve">Itaque ſi neceſsitas coegerit, ut minime uitioſa ſiant, ſic erit ſaciundum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17169" xml:space="preserve">Cum coaxatum
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              fuerit ſuper altera coaxatio tranſuerſa ſternatur, clauisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17170" xml:space="preserve">fixam duplicem præbeat contignationi lori-
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              cationem: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17171" xml:space="preserve">deinde ruderi nouo tertia pars teſtæ tuſæ admiſceatur, calcisq́ duæ partes ad quinque
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              mortarij mixtionibus præſtent reſponſum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17172" xml:space="preserve">ſtatuminatione facta rudus inducatur, idq́ pinſum abſo-
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              lutum ne minus pede ſit craſſum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17173" xml:space="preserve">Tunc autem nucleo inducto, ( ut ſupraſcriptum eſt) pauimentum
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              e teſſera grandi circiter binum digitum cæſa ſtruatur, ſaſti gium habens in pedes denos, digitos bi-
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              nos. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17174" xml:space="preserve">quòd ſi bene temperabitur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17175" xml:space="preserve">rectè fricatum fuerit, ab omnibus uitijs erit tutum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17176" xml:space="preserve">Vti autem in-
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              ter coagmenta materies ab gelicidijs ne laboret, fracibus quotannis ante hyemem ſaturetur, ita non
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              patienturin ſe recipere gelicidij pruinam. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17177" xml:space="preserve">ſin autem curioſius uidebitur ſieri oportere tegule bipeda-
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              les inter ſe coagmentatæ ſupra rudus ſubſtrata materia collocentur, habentes ſingulis coagmentorũ
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              frontibus, canaliculos digitales, quibus iunctis impleantur calce ex oleo ſubacta, confricenturq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17178" xml:space="preserve">in-
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              ter ſe coagmenta compreſſa. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17179" xml:space="preserve">ita calx quæ erit hærens in canalibus, dureſcendo non patietur aquam,
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              neque aliam rem per coagmenta tranſire. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17180" xml:space="preserve">Cum ergo fuerit hoc ita perſtratum, ſuper nucleus induca-
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              tur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17181" xml:space="preserve">uirgis cædendo ſubigatur, ſupra autem ſiue ex teſſera grandi, ſiue ex ſpica teſtacea ſtruantur fa-
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              ſtigijs, quibus eſt ſupra ſcriptum: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17182" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17183" xml:space="preserve">cum ſic erunt facta, non cito uitiabuntur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17184" xml:space="preserve"/>
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              <s xml:id="echoid-s17185" xml:space="preserve">Primas partes inter expolitiones tenent ruderationes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17186" xml:space="preserve">pauimenta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17187" xml:space="preserve">de ijs hoc capite agitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17188" xml:space="preserve">Rudera
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              ſunt lapides contuſi, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17189" xml:space="preserve">calce admixti, quæpauimentis faciendis ſubſternuntur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17190" xml:space="preserve">unde ruderare eſt huiuſmodi
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              opus ſternere, nos ſgroſſare dicimus, uelterrazzare. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17191" xml:space="preserve">Antequam igitur ad pauimentum ueniamus ideſt ad
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              ultimam illam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17192" xml:space="preserve">ſummam ſoli ſuperficiem expolitam, primo ſtatuminandum, deinde ruderandum, mox nu-
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              cleus inducendus, demum pauimentum ſtruendum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17193" xml:space="preserve">Statumen dicitur, quicquid pro fulcimento sternitur ideſt
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              pauimentorum imum stratum, quod ex grandioribus ſaxis conficitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17194" xml:space="preserve">poſt ſtatuminationem ruder atio ſequitur,
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              quæ quid ſit, iam diximus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17195" xml:space="preserve">ſubtilior enim permixtio ruderationi adhibetur, quam ſtatuminationi, mox nucleus
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              inducitur ideſt cruſta alia, ſiue corium, quod medium eſt inter ruderationem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17196" xml:space="preserve">pauimentum, ideo ab Italis
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              anima nominatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17197" xml:space="preserve">de quo infra ſuo loco dicetur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17198" xml:space="preserve">demum pauimentum ſuper ſtruitur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17199" xml:space="preserve">is ordo in ruderatione
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              ſeruatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17200" xml:space="preserve">Ruderandum autem eſt uel pede plano, uelin contignationibus ſub tecto, uel ſupra contignationes
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              ſub diuo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17201" xml:space="preserve">omnibus his locis commune eſt, ut ſtratum, quod ſubſternitur ſolido, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17202" xml:space="preserve">æquabili loco nit atur, ſed
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              alibi maior diligentia eſt adhibenda ob uitia, quæ fieri poſſunt in pauimentis struends, ut durent ad uetuſtatẽ.
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              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17203" xml:space="preserve">
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.266-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.266-01a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              Cum igitur plano pede ruderandum eſt, uel locus omnis ſolidus est, vel ex parte uel omnino congeſtitius. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17204" xml:space="preserve">In
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              plano, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17205" xml:space="preserve">per totum ſolido nibil aliud faciendum eſt, niſi curandum, ut exæquentur planè, inde inducatur cũ
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              ſtatumine rudus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17206" xml:space="preserve">Si uero congeſtitus aliqua ex parte uel omnino fuerit palationibus, palis, aut ſublicis uſtu-
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              latis confixis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17207" xml:space="preserve">machinis adctis ſolidetur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17208" xml:space="preserve">fistucis exæquetur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17209" xml:space="preserve">firmetur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17210" xml:space="preserve">ita inducatur cum ſtatu-
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              mine rudus, ideſt & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17211" xml:space="preserve">primum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17212" xml:space="preserve">ſecundum ſtratum, atque id obſeruandum eſt in locis, quæ plano pede fiunt.
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              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17213" xml:space="preserve">In contignationibus uero, non eadem exæquandi cura est adbibenda, cum ipſa exæquatio per ſe ſacta ſit, ſed
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              maiori ſtudio prouidendum, ut exæquatio conſernetur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17214" xml:space="preserve">nam ſemper parietes ſubſunt, quod non ad ſummum
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              perueniunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17215" xml:space="preserve">Vnde coaxatio non omnis in parietes incumbit, quare licet plana uideatur, ſitq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17216" xml:space="preserve">uere, antequam
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              pondus aliquod immittatur, tamen adiuncto, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17217" xml:space="preserve">ſuper impoſito pondere ruderationis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17218" xml:space="preserve">pauimenti pandat,
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              atque oneri cedit ea parte, qua paries non ad ſummum peruenit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17219" xml:space="preserve">Periculum item eſtex areſactis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17220" xml:space="preserve">ſicce
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                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.266-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.266-02a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
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