Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

Table of figures

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              ſcentibus, aut pandatione ſidentibus contignationibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17221" xml:space="preserve">Item mixtione axium diuerſorum lignorum, quorum
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              alia ſua natura humore percepto torquentur, alia in ſua firmitate permanent; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17222" xml:space="preserve">fieri ſolet, ut altera ſubſidente,
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              altera durante inæqualiter pondus ſustineatur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17223" xml:space="preserve">quare ijs uitijs medendum est, primo ne dextra, ac ſinistra
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              in pauimentis rimæ fiant ob areſcentes, aut pandantes contignationes permanente ſtructuræ ſoliditate. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17224" xml:space="preserve">Nam ſi
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              quo loco aut paries, aut trabs ualde robustior cæteris ſubiecta ſit, eo loci findetur pauimentum, atque uitia-
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              bitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17225" xml:space="preserve">Curandum igitur eſt, ut oſſa quibus ſustinetur, uiribus ſint ualida, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17226" xml:space="preserve">inter ſe coæqualia, deinde ne
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              miſceantur axes diuerſi generis lignorum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17227" xml:space="preserve">Et ſi neceſſitas coegerit, prouideatur, ut axes, quod damnum fa-
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              cere poßunt, cum torquentur tenuiores, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17228" xml:space="preserve">ſubtiliores ſecentur, nam ita minus ualebunt & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17229" xml:space="preserve">facilius clauis.
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              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17230" xml:space="preserve">continebuntur, tanto magis ſi tranſuerſi, atque directi duplici tabularum ordine ponantur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17231" xml:space="preserve">deinde in ſingulis
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                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.267-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.267-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              tignis extremis partibus axis bini claui figantur, uti nulla ex parte poſſint ſe torquendo anguli excitare. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17232" xml:space="preserve">Ita
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              igitur prouiſum erit, ut perpetuo tenore ſolũ exæquatũ sternatur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17233" xml:space="preserve">coaxatio temperetur, mox filice aut palea
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              sternenda eſt coaxatio ne ligna a calce uitientur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17234" xml:space="preserve">Calx enim ( ut aliàs dictum est ) materiem uitiare ſolet;
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              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17235" xml:space="preserve">inde rudiori ſaxo ſtatumen, hoc est primum stratum struatur, ſaxum autem non minus eſſe debet, quam quod
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              poſſit manum implere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17236" xml:space="preserve">Poſtquam igitur ſtatuminatum fuerit tunc ruder andum eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17237" xml:space="preserve">Rudus duplex est nouũ,
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              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17238" xml:space="preserve">uetus: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17239" xml:space="preserve">nouum fit ex ſaxis contuſis, ſiue testis fractis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17240" xml:space="preserve">glarea cum calce. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17241" xml:space="preserve">Vetus fit ex pauimentis iam
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              dirutis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17242" xml:space="preserve">Si ergo rudus nouum erit ad tres partes una calcis miſceatur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17243" xml:space="preserve">ſi uetus, quod rediuiuum dicitur a
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              Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17244" xml:space="preserve">ideſt e ueteri renouatũ quinque ad duum mixtiones habeant reſponſum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17245" xml:space="preserve">Inducto rudere uectibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17246" xml:space="preserve">ba-
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              culis ligneis, pinſantũ eſt crebiter, ut ſolidetur, claſſes uero pinſantium immittendæ, quæ non minores, quàm
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              denum hominum faciendæ, quas antiqui decurias appellabant, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17247" xml:space="preserve">maxime probabant, quod is numeri mo-
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                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.267-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.267-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              dus in opere commodiſſime cuſtodiretur, nec præeuntis monitoris diligentiam multitudo confunderet, ut ait
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              Columella. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17248" xml:space="preserve">Altitudo ruderis, uel craſſitudo ita pinſatione crebra ſolidata, ſit non minus nouem pollicibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17249" xml:space="preserve">Ita
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              enim dodr antem intelligo, uncias pollices in pedem eſſe dixi, pedem in uncias duodecim diuiſum ostendens.
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              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17250" xml:space="preserve">Solidato ruderi nucleus inducendus idest anima, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17251" xml:space="preserve">medium corium inter rudus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17252" xml:space="preserve">pauimentum, quod ſit
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                <figure xlink:label="fig-514.01.267-01" xlink:href="fig-514.01.267-01a" number="105">
                  <caption xml:id="echoid-caption34" xml:space="preserve">Pauimentorum genera.</caption>
                  <description xml:id="echoid-description61" xml:space="preserve">Filandri.
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                  Anticum.</description>
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                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.267-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.267-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.267-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.267-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              ex tſsta contuſa & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17253" xml:space="preserve">temperata ad tres eius partes una calcis appoſita, cuius nuclei uel pultis craßitudo non
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              ſit minor ſenis digitis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17254" xml:space="preserve">Inducto nucleo tanquam ſtrato, pauimenti ratio eſt habenda. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17255" xml:space="preserve">Pauimentum multis
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              modis ſtruebant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17256" xml:space="preserve">Nam primo picta ſuerant, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17257" xml:space="preserve">uerſicoloriruderatione facta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17258" xml:space="preserve">(Secretum enim marmor colla
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              caſei albumine oui ſubacta, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17259" xml:space="preserve">calce adhibita, coloribus intinctum uarijs ad libitum formisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17260" xml:space="preserve">ligneis, quibus
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              uolueris incluſum efficiet opus pauimenti coloratum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17261" xml:space="preserve">depictũ) post picturam pauimentorũ lapidibus ſterni
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              cœperunt, lapides autẽ, autẽ in paruas cruſtas ſecabantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17262" xml:space="preserve">ſic ſectiles dicebantur, qui cum uarietate colorum
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              componerentur, opus faciebant, quod nos Muſaycum uocamus, alij amuſcatum, uel muſicum: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17263" xml:space="preserve">aut quadrata
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              grandiori forma conſtabant lapides, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17264" xml:space="preserve">ita teßeræ uocabantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17265" xml:space="preserve">ſecabantur uero lapides uarijs modis, alij
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                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.267-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.267-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              enimſcutulari, hoc est rotunda figura, alij triangulari, alij tetragona, nonulli etiam fauorum hoc eſt cellarũ
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              apium modo hexagoni fielant, componebantur item in pauimentis accuratißima & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17266" xml:space="preserve">exquiſitißima diligentia
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              lapilli parui, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17267" xml:space="preserve">minuti, ita ut piſcium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17268" xml:space="preserve">aliarum rerum eſſigies, uarijs coloribus penitus imitarentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17269" xml:space="preserve">Ex
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              Alberto autẽ Durero haberi poſſunt uariæ figurationes pauimentorum, itemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17270" xml:space="preserve">ex primario templo Senis, pictu
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              ras & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17271" xml:space="preserve">Venetijs, Romæ in antiquis ruinis, alibiq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17272" xml:space="preserve">magna opera, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17273" xml:space="preserve">precioſorum lapidum ſtrata pauimenta
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              uidere poſſumus, quæ diligentiam ueterum commendant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17274" xml:space="preserve">In omnibus autem pauimentis struendis ea dili-
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              gentia adhibenda eſt, ut nulli extent anguli, æqualia ſint coagmenta, plana omnium directio, quod fiet, ſi ita
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              fricentur, cum ſectilia ſint, ut nulli gradus in ſcutulis, aut trigonis, aut quadratis, ſeu fauis extent, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17275" xml:space="preserve">ſupra
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              nucleum ſint prius ad regulam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17276" xml:space="preserve">libellam exacta pauimenta, uelſi teſſeris ſtruantur omnes habeant angu-
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              los æquales. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17277" xml:space="preserve">Quoniam uero & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s17278" xml:space="preserve">teſtacea pauimenta ſiebant in ſpicæmodum exacta, quæ constabant arena,
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                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.267-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.267-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
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