Vitruvius Pollio, I dieci libri dell?architettura, 1567
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                  De i Porti, & del Fabricare nelle Acque:
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                  Cap. XII.
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                  <s id="s.005204">Egli non ſi deuc laſciar di dire, delle commodità de i porti. </s>
                  <s id="s.005205">ma biſogna dichia</s>
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                  rire con che ragioni ſiano in quelli ſecure le naui dalle fortune. </s>
                  <s id="s.005207">Queſti adun­
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                  que ſe ſono naturalmente poſti, & che habbiano le promontore, o capi ſo­
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                  pra l'acqua, ſi che per la natura del luogo s'ingolfino, hanno grandiſsime
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                  utilità, perche d'intorno s'hanno a fare i portichi, & i nauali, ouero da i portichi l'entrate
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                  a i fondachi, o dogane, & dall'una, & l'altra parte ſi deono fare le torri, dalle quali con
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                  machine ſi poſsino tirare dall'una all'altra banda le catene. </s>
                  <s id="s.005208">Ma ſe egli non ſi hauerà luo­
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                  go idoneo per natura d'aſsicurare le naui dalle fortune, ſi farà in queſto modo, che ſe egli
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                  non ci ſarà fiume, che impediſca, ma da una parte ſarà la ſtatione, cioè il luogo doue ſi­
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                  curamente ſtanno le naui, (che noi dicemo buon ſorgitore) allhora dall'altra con gli ar­
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                  gini, & con le fabriche ſi uenirà in fuori, & ſi farà progreſſo, & a queſto modo ſi deono
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                  formare le chiuſe de i porti. </s>
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                  Il fine del porto è d'aſſicurar le naui da i uenti, & dalle fortune di mare, & però deue eſſere
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                  ſicuro, & capace. </s>
                  <s id="s.005210">La ſicurtà ouero è naturale, ouero aiutata dall'arte. </s>
                  <s id="s.005211">la naturale dipende dal
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                  ſito del luogo, quando il luogo è ingolfato, & inarcato, & fa le corna come la Luna, & quando
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                  i capi alti come promontori uengono in fuori, & i lati difendeno il golfo da i uenti. </s>
                  <s id="s.005212">ne ſi puo dire
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                  quanto gioua un tal ſito. </s>
                  <s id="s.005213">perche prima è ſicuro, dapoi è commodo; perche nella curuatura ſi fan­
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                  no i luoghi da ſaluare le mercantie, ci ſono i Fondachi, le dogane, i bazzari, & altri luoghi op­
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                  portuni. </s>
                  <s id="s.005214">Io ho ueduto molti luoghi nella Scotia che per natura ſono porti ſicuriſſimi, & fra
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                  gli altri ue n' è uno, che ſi chiama nella lingua Scoceſe ſicher ſand, cioè arena di ſalute, & porto
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                  tranquillo. </s>
                  <s id="s.005215">Queſto non ha Vinetia, ma la poca ſicurtà del porto, è la molta ſicurtà della città:
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                  uengono però le naui nella Laguna, & iui ſi ſaluano. </s>
                  <s id="s.005216">Quando adunque egli ſi hauerà ſito dalla
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                  natura poca fatica ci uuole. </s>
                  <s id="s.005217">il porto è ſicuro & per la bocca, & per le rocche, & per li fian­
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                  chi: neceſſario è adunque di fare con arte, quello che la natura non ci concede. </s>
                  <s id="s.005218">però Vitru. ricor­
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                  rendo all'arte dice.
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                  <s id="s.005219">Ma le fabriche, che ſi hanno a fare nell'acqua coſi pare, che ſi habbiano a fare: che egli
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                  ſi porti la polue da quelle parti, che ſono dalle Cumi fin al promontoro di Minerua, & me
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                  ſcolarla nel mortaio in modo che due ad una riſpondino. </s>
                  <s id="s.005220">poi la doue ſi hauerà deliberato
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                  di fabricare biſogna poner nell'acqua le caſſe di roucre, & rinchiuſe con catene mandarle
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                  giu nell'acqua, et tenerle fermamente a fondo. </s>
                  <s id="s.005221">Dapoi quella parte, che ſarà tra le caſſe al
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                  baſſo ſott'acqua, ſi deue iſpianare, & purgare, & iui gettarui di quella materia impaſtata,
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                  & meſcolata nel mortaio, con la miſura data di ſopra, & con cementi, fin che ſi empia lo
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                  ſpacio, che ſi deue murare, quello dico, che è tra le caſſe; & queſto dono di natura hanno
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                  que luoghi, che hauemo detto di ſopra. </s>
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                  Qui l'uſo della pozzolana è mirabile come ci ha detto Vitr. nel ſecondo libro al ſeſto capo. </s>
                  <s id="s.005223">Do­
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                  ue adunque ſia, che potiamo hauere copia di pozzolana, poneremo due parti di quella, & una
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                  di calce, & faremo nella foßa, che Vitr. chiama mortario una buona paſta, & ben uoltata, &
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                  battuta, poi faremo delle cataratte, & caſſoni di legname di rouere, dette arche da Vitru. & ſi
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                  faranno a queſto modo. </s>
                  <s id="s.005224">Piglia le traui di rouere molto bene iſpianate, & per la loro lunghezza
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                  da una teſta all'altra farai de i ſolchi, o canaletti, larghi fecondo la larghezza del taglio delle
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                  tauole, che ui hanno d'andar dentro. </s>
                  <s id="s.005225">queste tauole deono eſſere di eguale grandezza, & groſſez
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                  za, & con le teſte loro incaſtrate ne i canaletti gia fatti. </s>
                  <s id="s.005226">& a queſto modo ſtando le traui dritte,
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                  & con giuſti ſpacij lontane una dall'altra, perche ſi drizzano piu di due traui per lato, & inca-
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