Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div654" type="section" level="2" n="123">
            <pb o="252" file="514.01.284" n="284" rhead="LIBER"/>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18754" xml:space="preserve">A terræ meatibus Solis impetus duplex habitus attrahi ſolet, alter ſiccus est calensq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18755" xml:space="preserve">, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18756" xml:space="preserve">exhalatio di-
                <lb/>
              citur, alter humidus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18757" xml:space="preserve">calidus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18758" xml:space="preserve">uapor nominatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18759" xml:space="preserve">ex priori habitu uenti, tonitrua, ignes flammæq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18760" xml:space="preserve">,
                <lb/>
              fulmina, coronæ, cadentes ſtellæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18761" xml:space="preserve">huiuſmodi ignesæ exhalationes fiunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18762" xml:space="preserve">Ex uapore autem nebulæ, pluuiœ,
                <lb/>
              rores, pruinæ, grandines, niues, fontes demum, ac maria gignuntur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18763" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18764" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Licet</emph>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18765" xml:space="preserve">ex balneis exemplum capere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18766" xml:space="preserve">Nullæ enim cameræ, quæ ſunt caldariorum ſupra ſe poſ-
                <lb/>
              ſunt habere fontes: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18767" xml:space="preserve">ſed cœlum, quod eſt ibi, ex præſurnijs ab ignis uapore percalefactum, corripit ex
                <lb/>
              pauimentis aquam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18768" xml:space="preserve">aufert ſecum in camerarum curuaturas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18769" xml:space="preserve">eam ſuſtinet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18770" xml:space="preserve">Ideo quod ſemper ua-
                <lb/>
              por calidus in altitudinem ſe trudit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18771" xml:space="preserve">primo non remittitur propter breuitatem, ſimul autem plus
                <lb/>
              humoris habet congeſtum, non poteſt ſuſtinere propter grauitatem, ſed ſtillat ſupra lauantiũ capita.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18772" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18773" xml:space="preserve">Cum nulli ſontes ſint ſupra cellas, ubi lauabantur antiqui, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18774" xml:space="preserve">tamen ſtillœ a curuatura, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18775" xml:space="preserve">cœlo earum ſu-
                <lb/>
              pra capita lauantium deueniant, non ab alia re id proficiſci ait Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18776" xml:space="preserve">quam a uapore calido in altitudinem
                <lb/>
              elato. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18777" xml:space="preserve">effertur autem uapor, attrahiturq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18778" xml:space="preserve">a cœlo, cameraq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18779" xml:space="preserve">iam caleſacta ab eo igni, quò ex præfurn ijs emit-
                <lb/>
              titur, ac primum cum tenuiſſimus ſit, facilè ſuſtinetur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18780" xml:space="preserve">plus enim habet aeris, quàm humoris. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18781" xml:space="preserve">mox uero ubi
                <lb/>
              congeritur humor, denſaturq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18782" xml:space="preserve">amplius, cum non poſſit ſustineri ob pondus, decidit in caput lauantium.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18783" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18784" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Ita</emph>
              quoque eadem ratione cœleſtis aer cum ab Sole percipit calorem ex omnibus locis haurien-
                <lb/>
              do, tollit humores, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18785" xml:space="preserve">congregat ad nubes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18786" xml:space="preserve">Ita enim terra feruore tacta eijcit humores, ut corpus
                <lb/>
              hominis ex calore emittit ſudores. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18787" xml:space="preserve">Indices autem ſunt eius rei uenti, ex quibus qui a frigidiſsimis par
                <lb/>
              tibus ueniunt procreati Septentrio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18788" xml:space="preserve">A quilo extenuatos ſiccitatibus in aere flatus ſpirant, Auſter ue-
                <lb/>
              ro, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18789" xml:space="preserve">reliqui, qui a Solis curſu impetum ſaciunt, ſunt humidiſsimi & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18790" xml:space="preserve">ſemper apportant imbres, quod
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.284-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.284-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              percaleſacti ab regionibus feruidis adueniunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18791" xml:space="preserve">ex omnibus terris labentes eripiunt humores, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18792" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              ita eos proſundunt ad ſeptentrionales regiones. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18793" xml:space="preserve">Hæc autem ſic fieri teſtimonio poſſunt eſſe capita
                <lb/>
              fluminum, quæ orbe terrarum chorographijs picta, itemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18794" xml:space="preserve">ſcripta plurima, maximaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18795" xml:space="preserve">inueniuntur
                <lb/>
              egreſſa ab Septentrione. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18796" xml:space="preserve">Primumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18797" xml:space="preserve">in India Ganges, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18798" xml:space="preserve">Indus a Caucaſo monte oriuntur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18799" xml:space="preserve">Syria Ti-
                <lb/>
              gris, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18800" xml:space="preserve">Euphrates; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18801" xml:space="preserve">Aſia, item Ponto, Boriſthenes, Hypanis, Tanais: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18802" xml:space="preserve">Colchis, Phaſis;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18803" xml:space="preserve">: Gallia Rhoda-
                <lb/>
              nus: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18804" xml:space="preserve">Belgica, Rhenus: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18805" xml:space="preserve">citra Alpes, Timauus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18806" xml:space="preserve">Padus: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18807" xml:space="preserve">Italia Tybris: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18808" xml:space="preserve">Mauriſia, (quam noſtri Mau-
                <lb/>
              ritaniam appellant) ex monte Atlante Diris, qui ortus ex ſeptentrionali regione progreditur per
                <lb/>
              occidentem ad lacum Heptabolum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18809" xml:space="preserve">mutato nomine dicitur Nigir, deinde ex lacu Heptabolo ſub
                <lb/>
              montes deſertos ſubterfluens per meridiana loca manat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18810" xml:space="preserve">influit in paludem Coloe, quæ circumcin-
                <lb/>
              git Meroem, quæ eſt Aethiopum meridianorum regnum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18811" xml:space="preserve">Ab hisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18812" xml:space="preserve">paludibus ſe circumagens per
                <lb/>
              flumina Aſtaſobum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18813" xml:space="preserve">Aſtaborum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18814" xml:space="preserve">alia plura peruenit ad montes ad cataractam, ad eaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18815" xml:space="preserve">ſe pręci-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.284-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.284-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              pitans per ſeptentrionalem peruenit inter Elephantida, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18816" xml:space="preserve">Syenem, Thebaycosq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18817" xml:space="preserve">in Aegyptum cam-
                <lb/>
              pos, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18818" xml:space="preserve">ibi Nilus appellatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18819" xml:space="preserve">Ex Mauritania autem caput Nili profluere, ex eo maximè cognoſcitur,
                <lb/>
              quod ex altera parte montis Atlantis ſunt alia capita item profluentia ad occidentis oceanum, ibique
                <lb/>
              naſcuntur Ichneumones, Crocodilli & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18820" xml:space="preserve">aliæ ſimiles beſtiarum, piſciumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18821" xml:space="preserve">naturæ, præter Hyppopota-
                <lb/>
              mos. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18822" xml:space="preserve">Ergo cum omnia maxima flumina in orbis terrarum deſcriptionibus a ſeptentrione uideantur
                <lb/>
              profluere, A phriq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18823" xml:space="preserve">campi, qui ſunt in meridianis partibus ſubiectis Soli curſui, latentes penitus ha-
                <lb/>
              beant humores, nec fontes crebros, amnesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18824" xml:space="preserve">raros: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18825" xml:space="preserve">relin quitur uti multo meliora inueniantur capi-
                <lb/>
              ta fontium, quæ ad Septentrionem, Aquilonem ve ſpectant, niſi ſi inciderint in ſulphoroſum locum
                <lb/>
              aut aluminoſum, ſeu bituminoſum: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18826" xml:space="preserve">tunc enim permutantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18827" xml:space="preserve">aut calidæ aquæ aut frigidæ odore
                <lb/>
              malo, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18828" xml:space="preserve">ſapore profundunt ſontes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18829" xml:space="preserve">Neque enim calidæ aquæ eſt ulla proprietas, ſed frigida aqua cum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.284-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.284-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              incidit percurrensin ardentem locum efferueſcit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18830" xml:space="preserve">percalefacta egreditur per uenas extra terram,
                <lb/>
              ideo diutius non poteſt permanere, ſed breui ſpatio fit frigida. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18831" xml:space="preserve">Namque ſi naturaliter eſſet calida, nõ
                <lb/>
              reſrigeraretur calor eius. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18832" xml:space="preserve">Sapor autem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18833" xml:space="preserve">odor, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18834" xml:space="preserve">calor eius non reſtituitur, quòd intinctus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18835" xml:space="preserve">com-
                <lb/>
              mixtus eſt propter naturæ raritatem.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18836" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18837" xml:space="preserve">Videtur hoc loco Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18838" xml:space="preserve">non ignarus Coſmographiæ, immo Corographiæ, particularium locorum
                <lb/>
              ſubtiliſſimæ deſcriptionis, cum tã minute flexus fluuiorum, meatusq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18839" xml:space="preserve">, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18840" xml:space="preserve">origines deſcribat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18841" xml:space="preserve">Dixerat uapores,
                <lb/>
              nebulas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18842" xml:space="preserve">humores e terra oriri, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18843" xml:space="preserve">Sole in altum trahi. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18844" xml:space="preserve">Probauerat id exemplis a camerarum caldarijs
                <lb/>
              ſumptis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18845" xml:space="preserve">pro indice huius rei uentorum natur am ſumpſerat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18846" xml:space="preserve">Nam qui uenti afrigidiſſimis partibus ueniunt
                <lb/>
              quemadmodum Septentrio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18847" xml:space="preserve">Aquilo, hi extenuatos ſiccitatibus in aere flatus ſpirant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18848" xml:space="preserve">Qui uero a meridie
                <lb/>
              perflant, quoniam in his partibus calor trahit humores continuos, humidi ſunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18849" xml:space="preserve">imbres afferunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18850" xml:space="preserve">hu-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.284-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.284-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              mores attractos ad ſeptentrionales plagas profundunt, quorum copia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18851" xml:space="preserve">abundamtia capita fluminum ori-
                <lb/>
              untur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18852" xml:space="preserve">quod apparet manifeſtè in ortu maximorum fluuiorum, quorum nomina ortus, progreſſus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18853" xml:space="preserve">flexus
                <lb/>
              nominat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18854" xml:space="preserve">Lybiæ mons eſt Atlans. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18855" xml:space="preserve">Duplicem Atlantem noſtri eſſe dicunt, minorem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18856" xml:space="preserve">maiorem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18857" xml:space="preserve">Maiorem
                <lb/>
              Hiſpani ſerram leoninam uocant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18858" xml:space="preserve">Nigir fluuius quem hodie flumen Seneghæ uocant, in occidentem Oceanum
                <lb/>
              per longum Lybiæ decurrit, putaturq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18859" xml:space="preserve">idem eſſe cum Nilo, eo argumento quod creſcat, decreſcatq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18860" xml:space="preserve">quemad-
                <lb/>
              modum Nilus, Crocodilosq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18861" xml:space="preserve">habeat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18862" xml:space="preserve">Icneumones. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18863" xml:space="preserve">As̃tabora uero, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18864" xml:space="preserve">Aſtaſoba diuerſa a Nilo flu-
                <lb/>
              mina nostri cognoſcunt: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18865" xml:space="preserve">eorum gradus Ptolomæus in Geographia ponit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18866" xml:space="preserve">Cataractam uero Strabo uult eſſe
                <lb/>
              ad medium flumen petroſum ſupercilium in ſuperiori parte, planum ut flumen recipiat, deſinit uero in præci-
                <lb/>
              pitium. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18867" xml:space="preserve">A montibus Lunæ Nilum oriri noſtrorum plerique autumant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s18868" xml:space="preserve">In eo ſunt Crocodilli, Hyppopotani id-
                <lb/>
              est fluuiatiles equi iubam habentes equinam, ungulam bouinam, roſtrum reſimum, talus etiam inest biſul-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.284-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.284-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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