Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div678" type="section" level="2" n="125">
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19444" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="260" file="514.01.292" n="292" rhead="LIBER"/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19445" xml:space="preserve">naturas aquarum, quas tum ipſe expertus est, tum ab alijs audita, uel ſcripta cognouit, unde tanquam
                <lb/>
              gratus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19446" xml:space="preserve">ingenuus gratias habet auctoribus his, a quibus aliquid didicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19447" xml:space="preserve">Concludit igitur tales eſſe aquas,
                <lb/>
              qualis terra, per quam fluunt, qualesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19448" xml:space="preserve">herbarum, qu is lauant, ſucci, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19449" xml:space="preserve">mximam ad humanos uſus aquæ
                <lb/>
              neceſſitatem oſtendit, quòd ſine aqua, nec corpus animalium, nec ulla cibi uirtus poteſt naſci, nec augeri, nec
                <lb/>
              conſeruari, postea de experimentis agit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19450" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div682" type="section" level="2" n="126">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head134" xml:space="preserve">De aquarum experimentis. Cap. V.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19451" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">EXpertiones</emph>
              autem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19452" xml:space="preserve">probationes eorum ſic ſunt prouidendæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19453" xml:space="preserve">Si erunt profluentes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19454" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.292-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.292-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              aperti antequam duci incipiantur, aſpiciantur, animoq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19455" xml:space="preserve">aduertantur, qua membratura
                <lb/>
              ſint qui circa eos fontes habitant homines. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19456" xml:space="preserve">Et ſi erunt corporibus ualentibus, coloribus
                <lb/>
              nitidis, cruribus non uitioſis, non lippis oculis, erunt probatiſsimi.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19457" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19458" xml:space="preserve">Quia omne, quòd lædit, tempore lædit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19459" xml:space="preserve">poſſunt nimirum grauius lædere, quætardius ſentiuntur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19460" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19461" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Item</emph>
              ſi fons nouus fuerit foſſus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19462" xml:space="preserve">in uas Corinthium, ſiue alterius generis, quòd erit ex ære bo-
                <lb/>
              no, ea aqua ſparſa maculam non fecerit, optima erit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19463" xml:space="preserve">Itemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19464" xml:space="preserve">in aheno, ſi ea aqua deferuefacta, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19465" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              poſtea requieta, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19466" xml:space="preserve">defuſa fuerit, neque in eius aheni fundo arena, aut limus inuenietur, ea aqua erit
                <lb/>
              item probata, Item ſi legumina in uas cum ea aqua coniecta ad ignem poſita, celeriter percocta fue-
                <lb/>
              rint, indicabunt eam aquam eſſe bonam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19467" xml:space="preserve">ſalubrem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19468" xml:space="preserve">Non etiam minus ip ſa aqua, quæ erit in fon-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.292-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.292-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              te, ſi fuerit limpida, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19469" xml:space="preserve">perlucida, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19470" xml:space="preserve">quocunque peruenerit, aut profluxerit, ſi muſcusnon naſcetur,
                <lb/>
              neque iuncus, neque inquinatus ab aliquo inquinamento is locus fuerit, ſed puram habuerit ſpeciem,
                <lb/>
              innuetur his ſignis efſe tenuis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19471" xml:space="preserve">in ſumma ſalubritate.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19472" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19473" xml:space="preserve">Demum colore, ſapore, odoreq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19474" xml:space="preserve">uacare debet quæ bona & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19475" xml:space="preserve">ſalubris futura eſt aqua, immota uero ubique
                <lb/>
              inſalubris, ſtagnans peßima, quæ irudines alit, non incommoda uero, ubi anguillæ ſcatent.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19476" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div685" type="section" level="2" n="127">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head135" xml:space="preserve">De per ductionibus, & libr ationibus aquarum, & instrumentis
              <lb/>
            ad hunc uſum. Cap. VI.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19477" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">NVne</emph>
              de perductionibus ad habitationes mœniaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19478" xml:space="preserve">uti fieri oporteat explicabo, cuius ra-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.292-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.292-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              tio eſt prima perlibratio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19479" xml:space="preserve">Libratur autem dioptris, aut libris aquarijs, aut chorobate,
                <lb/>
              ſed diligentius efficitur per chorobatem, quòd dioptræ, libræq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19480" xml:space="preserve">fallunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19481" xml:space="preserve">Chorobates
                <lb/>
              autem eſt regula longa circiter pedum uiginti, ea habet ancones in capitibus extremis æ-
                <lb/>
              quali modo perfectos, inq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19482" xml:space="preserve">regulæ capitibus ad normam coagmentatos, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19483" xml:space="preserve">inter regulam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19484" xml:space="preserve">ancones-
                <lb/>
              a cardinibus compacta tranſuerſaria, quæ habent lineas ad perpendiculum recte deſcriptas, penden-
                <lb/>
              tiaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19485" xml:space="preserve">ex regula perpendicula in ſingulis partibus ſingula, quæ cum regula fuerit collocata, eaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19486" xml:space="preserve">tan-
                <lb/>
              gent æquè ac pariter lineas deſcriptionis, indicabunt libratam collocationem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19487" xml:space="preserve">Sin autem uentus in-
                <lb/>
              terpellauerit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19488" xml:space="preserve">motionibus lineæ non potuerint certam ſignificationem facere, tunc habeat in ſupe-
                <lb/>
              riori parte canalem longum pedes quinque, latum digitum, altum ſeſquidigitum, eoq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19489" xml:space="preserve">aqua infunda-
                <lb/>
              tur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19490" xml:space="preserve">ſi æqualiter aqua canalis ſumma libra tanget, ſcietur eſſe libratum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19491" xml:space="preserve">Ita eo chorobate, cum per
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.292-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.292-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              libratum ita fuerit, ſcietur quantum habuerit faſtigij. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19492" xml:space="preserve">Fortaſsis qui Archimedis libros legit, dicet
                <lb/>
              non poſſe fieri ueram ex aqua librationem, quòd ei placet aquam non eſſe libratam, ſed ſphæroides
                <lb/>
              habere ſchema, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19493" xml:space="preserve">ibi habere centrum, quo loci habet orbis terrarum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19494" xml:space="preserve">Hoc autem (ſiue plana eſt
                <lb/>
              aqua, ſiue ſphæroides) neceſſe eſt extrema capita canalis regulæ pariter ſuſtinere aquam. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19495" xml:space="preserve">Sin autem
                <lb/>
              proclinatus erit ex una parte, quæ erit altior, non habebit regulæ canalis in ſummis labris aquam.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19496" xml:space="preserve">Neceſſe enim eſt quocunque aqua ſit inſuſa in medio inflationem, curuaturamq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19497" xml:space="preserve">habere, ſed capita
                <lb/>
              dextra, ac ſiniſtra inter ſelibrata eſſe. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19498" xml:space="preserve">Exemplar autem chorobatis erit in extremo uolumine deſcri-
                <lb/>
              ptum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19499" xml:space="preserve">Et ſi erit faſtigium magnum facilior erit decurſus aquæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19500" xml:space="preserve">Sin autem interualla erunt lacunoſa
                <lb/>
              ſubſtructionibus erit ſuccurrendum.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19501" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19502" xml:space="preserve">Inuenta, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19503" xml:space="preserve">electa aqua, neceſſe eſt ut perducatur ad mœnia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19504" xml:space="preserve">ad determinatum locum: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19505" xml:space="preserve">perduci uero nõ
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.292-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.292-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              poterit, niſi deſcendat aqua, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19506" xml:space="preserve">decurrat naturali motione ad imum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19507" xml:space="preserve">Vt igitur hoc rectè expediatur formas
                <lb/>
              inſtrumentorum deſcribit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19508" xml:space="preserve">quibus uti poßimus ad aquarum librationem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19509" xml:space="preserve">Inter alia præcipue unum, quod
                <lb/>
              minus fallit, eligit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19510" xml:space="preserve">deſcribit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19511" xml:space="preserve">Librare igitur nil aliud eſt, quàm altitudinem loci ſumere, in quo aqua
                <lb/>
              est, eamq́ comparare, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19512" xml:space="preserve">referre ad eius loci altitudinem, ad quem perducenda eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19513" xml:space="preserve">Cum igitur locus, quo
                <lb/>
              aqua ducenda eſt, depreßior erit loco, a quo erit caput aquæ, procul dubio commodè perducetur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19514" xml:space="preserve">Libratur
                <lb/>
              aqua dioptris, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19515" xml:space="preserve">libris aquarijs, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19516" xml:space="preserve">inſtrumento, quod alij chorobaten uocant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19517" xml:space="preserve">Geometræ aũt(ut Albertus
                <lb/>
              ait ) aſſirmant, quod ſi linea recta orbem terræ contigerit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19518" xml:space="preserve">ad mille paſſus protenſa fuerit, interuallum,
                <lb/>
              quod erit inter lineam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19519" xml:space="preserve">ambitum, orbemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19520" xml:space="preserve">terræ non plus denos excedere digitos, unde factum, ut ſi quis
                <lb/>
              ſulco aquam ducere uelit, aqua non moueatur in ſingulis millibus, niſi depreßiori libramento pedem integrum,
                <lb/>
              quam fuerit locus, unde primum ſulcus fieri cœperit, qui locus a iuris peritis incile dicitur ab inciſione prima
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.292-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.292-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
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