Vitruvius
,
De architectura libri decem
,
1567
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LIBER
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& </
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<
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xml:space
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">naturas aquarum, quas tum ipſe expertus est, tum ab alijs audita, uel ſcripta cognouit, unde tanquam
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gratus, & </
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<
s
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xml:space
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">ingenuus gratias habet auctoribus his, a quibus aliquid didicit. </
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<
s
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echoid-s19447
"
xml:space
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">Concludit igitur tales eſſe aquas,
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qualis terra, per quam fluunt, qualesq́; </
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<
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xml:space
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">herbarum, qu is lauant, ſucci, & </
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<
s
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echoid-s19449
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xml:space
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">mximam ad humanos uſus aquæ
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neceſſitatem oſtendit, quòd ſine aqua, nec corpus animalium, nec ulla cibi uirtus poteſt naſci, nec augeri, nec
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conſeruari, postea de experimentis agit.</
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<
head
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">De aquarum experimentis. Cap. V.</
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<
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autem, & </
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<
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">probationes eorum ſic ſunt prouidendæ. </
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xml:space
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">Si erunt profluentes, & </
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<
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aperti antequam duci incipiantur, aſpiciantur, animoq́; </
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<
s
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xml:space
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">aduertantur, qua membratura
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ſint qui circa eos fontes habitant homines. </
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<
s
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xml:space
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">Et ſi erunt corporibus ualentibus, coloribus
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nitidis, cruribus non uitioſis, non lippis oculis, erunt probatiſsimi.</
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<
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<
s
xml:id
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xml:space
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">Quia omne, quòd lædit, tempore lædit, & </
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<
s
xml:id
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xml:space
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">poſſunt nimirum grauius lædere, quætardius ſentiuntur.</
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<
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ſi fons nouus fuerit foſſus, & </
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<
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xml:space
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">in uas Corinthium, ſiue alterius generis, quòd erit ex ære bo-
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no, ea aqua ſparſa maculam non fecerit, optima erit. </
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<
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xml:space
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">Itemq́; </
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>
<
s
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xml:space
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">in aheno, ſi ea aqua deferuefacta, & </
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<
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<
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poſtea requieta, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
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xml:space
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">defuſa fuerit, neque in eius aheni fundo arena, aut limus inuenietur, ea aqua erit
<
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/>
item probata, Item ſi legumina in uas cum ea aqua coniecta ad ignem poſita, celeriter percocta fue-
<
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rint, indicabunt eam aquam eſſe bonam, & </
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>
<
s
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="
echoid-s19467
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xml:space
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">ſalubrem. </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
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">Non etiam minus ip ſa aqua, quæ erit in fon-
<
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<
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note-514.01.292-02
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note-514.01.292-02a
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xml:space
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">20</
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te, ſi fuerit limpida, & </
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<
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">perlucida, & </
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>
<
s
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">quocunque peruenerit, aut profluxerit, ſi muſcusnon naſcetur,
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/>
neque iuncus, neque inquinatus ab aliquo inquinamento is locus fuerit, ſed puram habuerit ſpeciem,
<
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innuetur his ſignis efſe tenuis, & </
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>
<
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">in ſumma ſalubritate.</
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<
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">Demum colore, ſapore, odoreq́; </
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<
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">uacare debet quæ bona & </
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>
<
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xml:space
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">ſalubris futura eſt aqua, immota uero ubique
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inſalubris, ſtagnans peßima, quæ irudines alit, non incommoda uero, ubi anguillæ ſcatent.</
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<
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">De per ductionibus, & libr ationibus aquarum, & instrumentis
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ad hunc uſum. Cap. VI.</
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<
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>
de perductionibus ad habitationes mœniaq́; </
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<
s
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xml:space
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">uti fieri oporteat explicabo, cuius ra-
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<
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note-514.01.292-03
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">30</
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tio eſt prima perlibratio. </
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<
s
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xml:space
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">Libratur autem dioptris, aut libris aquarijs, aut chorobate,
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ſed diligentius efficitur per chorobatem, quòd dioptræ, libræq́; </
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>
<
s
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">fallunt. </
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<
s
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xml:space
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">Chorobates
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autem eſt regula longa circiter pedum uiginti, ea habet ancones in capitibus extremis æ-
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quali modo perfectos, inq́; </
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>
<
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">regulæ capitibus ad normam coagmentatos, & </
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<
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">inter regulam, & </
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<
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">ancones-
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a cardinibus compacta tranſuerſaria, quæ habent lineas ad perpendiculum recte deſcriptas, penden-
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tiaq́; </
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>
<
s
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xml:space
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">ex regula perpendicula in ſingulis partibus ſingula, quæ cum regula fuerit collocata, eaq́; </
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<
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gent æquè ac pariter lineas deſcriptionis, indicabunt libratam collocationem. </
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<
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xml:space
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">Sin autem uentus in-
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terpellauerit, & </
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<
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">motionibus lineæ non potuerint certam ſignificationem facere, tunc habeat in ſupe-
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riori parte canalem longum pedes quinque, latum digitum, altum ſeſquidigitum, eoq́; </
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<
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xml:space
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">aqua infunda-
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tur, & </
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<
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">ſi æqualiter aqua canalis ſumma libra tanget, ſcietur eſſe libratum. </
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<
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xml:space
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">Ita eo chorobate, cum per
<
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<
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note-514.01.292-04
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note-514.01.292-04a
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">40</
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libratum ita fuerit, ſcietur quantum habuerit faſtigij. </
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<
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xml:space
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">Fortaſsis qui Archimedis libros legit, dicet
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non poſſe fieri ueram ex aqua librationem, quòd ei placet aquam non eſſe libratam, ſed ſphæroides
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habere ſchema, & </
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<
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">ibi habere centrum, quo loci habet orbis terrarum. </
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<
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xml:space
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">Hoc autem (ſiue plana eſt
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aqua, ſiue ſphæroides) neceſſe eſt extrema capita canalis regulæ pariter ſuſtinere aquam. </
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>
<
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xml:space
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">Sin autem
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proclinatus erit ex una parte, quæ erit altior, non habebit regulæ canalis in ſummis labris aquam.
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</
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<
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">Neceſſe enim eſt quocunque aqua ſit inſuſa in medio inflationem, curuaturamq́; </
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<
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">habere, ſed capita
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dextra, ac ſiniſtra inter ſelibrata eſſe. </
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<
s
xml:id
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xml:space
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">Exemplar autem chorobatis erit in extremo uolumine deſcri-
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ptum. </
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<
s
xml:id
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xml:space
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">Et ſi erit faſtigium magnum facilior erit decurſus aquæ. </
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<
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xml:space
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">Sin autem interualla erunt lacunoſa
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ſubſtructionibus erit ſuccurrendum.</
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<
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<
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">Inuenta, & </
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>
<
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">electa aqua, neceſſe eſt ut perducatur ad mœnia, & </
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<
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">ad determinatum locum: </
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>
<
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xml:space
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">perduci uero nõ
<
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<
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poterit, niſi deſcendat aqua, & </
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<
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">decurrat naturali motione ad imum. </
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<
s
xml:id
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">Vt igitur hoc rectè expediatur formas
<
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inſtrumentorum deſcribit Vitr. </
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>
<
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xml:id
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">quibus uti poßimus ad aquarum librationem. </
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>
<
s
xml:id
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xml:space
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">Inter alia præcipue unum, quod
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minus fallit, eligit, & </
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<
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">deſcribit. </
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<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
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">Librare igitur nil aliud eſt, quàm altitudinem loci ſumere, in quo aqua
<
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est, eamq́ comparare, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
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xml:space
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">referre ad eius loci altitudinem, ad quem perducenda eſt. </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
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">Cum igitur locus, quo
<
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aqua ducenda eſt, depreßior erit loco, a quo erit caput aquæ, procul dubio commodè perducetur. </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
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">Libratur
<
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aqua dioptris, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
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">libris aquarijs, & </
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>
<
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xml:id
="
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xml:space
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">inſtrumento, quod alij chorobaten uocant. </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s19517
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xml:space
="
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">Geometræ aũt(ut Albertus
<
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/>
ait ) aſſirmant, quod ſi linea recta orbem terræ contigerit, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
="
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">ad mille paſſus protenſa fuerit, interuallum,
<
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/>
quod erit inter lineam, & </
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>
<
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xml:id
="
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">ambitum, orbemq́; </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s19520
"
xml:space
="
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">terræ non plus denos excedere digitos, unde factum, ut ſi quis
<
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/>
ſulco aquam ducere uelit, aqua non moueatur in ſingulis millibus, niſi depreßiori libramento pedem integrum,
<
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/>
quam fuerit locus, unde primum ſulcus fieri cœperit, qui locus a iuris peritis incile dicitur ab inciſione prima
<
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/>
<
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="
note-514.01.292-06
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note-514.01.292-06a
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">60</
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