Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div1" type="section" level="1" n="1">
          <div xml:id="echoid-div685" type="section" level="2" n="127">
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19572" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="262" file="514.01.294" n="294" rhead="LIBER"/>
              parem oculi altitudinem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19573" xml:space="preserve">Alteram ab oculo ad pedem directè cadentem, quam & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19574" xml:space="preserve">erecto baculo notabis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19575" xml:space="preserve">c@i
                <unsure/>
              n
                <lb/>
              igitur radius ad terræ tumulum perueniens a capite fontis altior erit, quam radius aduerſus ab emiſſario ad
                <lb/>
              eundem terræ tumulum perueniens ex perpendiculis facile notabis exceſſum, dignoſcesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19576" xml:space="preserve">tumuli altitudinem.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19577" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum hæc iam nota libratoribus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19578" xml:space="preserve">menſoribus plus ſatis, ſed chorobati forma ſupra deſcripta, mentem
                <lb/>
              Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19579" xml:space="preserve">ſatis aperte monſtrabit, ubi unitatis nota eſt regula pedum 20. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19580" xml:space="preserve">Ancones binario numero ſignantur,
                <lb/>
              tranſuerſarij uero ternario, perpendicula cernuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19581" xml:space="preserve">Canalis demum ubi o. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19582" xml:space="preserve">in quo æquabiliter quieſcere de-
                <lb/>
              bet aqua, cum planum fuerit æquilibratum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19583" xml:space="preserve">Si uero canalis erit proclinatus, quæ pars altior erit, non habebit
                <lb/>
              regulæ canalis in ſummis labris aquam, nam decurret omnis aquæ ad alterum caput canalis momento, atque
                <lb/>
              impetu naturali, quo deorſum fertur, nec experimentum huiuſmodi fallit, quacunque figura ſit aqua, ſiue
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.294-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.294-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              plana, ſiue orbicularis, nam in medio licet tumeat, in extremis tamen æqui librata erit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19584" xml:space="preserve">Dioptra uocabulum
                <lb/>
              græcum est, dicitur, apo tu diopteuin quòd eſt inſpicere, Galli traguardum dicunt, rectè uim uerbi exprimentes,
                <lb/>
              noſtri mir am a mirando uocant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19585" xml:space="preserve">Libra aquaria notum eſt inſtrumentum canali, dioptra, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19586" xml:space="preserve">perpendiculis conſtãs
                <lb/>
              directe ſuper baculo collocatum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19587" xml:space="preserve">Chorobates dicitur, ut puto quaſi per regionem meator, certius inſtrumentũ
                <lb/>
              ob longitudinem ſuam. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19588" xml:space="preserve">Cum igitur altus locus fuerit, unde fons concipitur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19589" xml:space="preserve">longius ſit deducendo, facilior
                <lb/>
              erit decurſus aquæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19590" xml:space="preserve">Si uero ſpatia erunt inæqualia non ob interceptos tumulos, ſed propter interiacentes la-
                <lb/>
              cunas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19591" xml:space="preserve">depreſſionem terreni: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19592" xml:space="preserve">tunc ubi lacunæ fuerint, ſubs̃ructionibus erit ſuccurrendum, ut æquabiliter
                <lb/>
              fluat, nam neque ob nimiam, neque ob paruam profunditatem extollitur aqua. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19593" xml:space="preserve">ſubſtruendum igitur est, ubi
                <lb/>
              ſunt lacunæ, ut fundus canalis per quem ducitur aqua ſit diro
                <unsure/>
              ctus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19594" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div688" type="section" level="2" n="128">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head136" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Quot modis ducantur aquæ. Cap. VII.</head>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19595" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">DVctvs</emph>
              autem aquæ fiunt generibus tribus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19596" xml:space="preserve">Poſtremo capite de ducendis aquis, ſermo fit a
                <lb/>
              Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19597" xml:space="preserve">eo modo ut primum doceat tres eſſe ductus aquarum modos, aut per riuos ſtructilibus ca-
                <lb/>
              nalibus ductos, aut per fistulas plumbeas, aut tubulis fictilibus: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19598" xml:space="preserve">poſtea quæ ratio in ſingulis ha-
                <lb/>
              beatur oſtendit, ac primum agit de modo, quo per apertos canales aqua ducitur, docetq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19599" xml:space="preserve">quo
                <lb/>
              modo defluxum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19600" xml:space="preserve">declinationem aquis dare debeamus, quaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19601" xml:space="preserve">ratione in unum locum adſeruentur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19602" xml:space="preserve">ad
                <lb/>
              uſum distribuantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19603" xml:space="preserve">quomodo montium, rupium, ſaxorumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19604" xml:space="preserve">impedimenta uitentur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19605" xml:space="preserve">ſpecus excauentur,
                <lb/>
              ac canales demum struantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19606" xml:space="preserve">poſtea de aqua ducenda per plumbeas fistulas tradit præcepta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19607" xml:space="preserve">Caſtella, quæ
                <lb/>
              nos baſcas appellamus, adſeruandas aquas constituit, fiſtularum menſuras diſponit, oſtenditq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19608" xml:space="preserve">qua ratione
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.294-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.294-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              aqua, per montes, per plana, perq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19609" xml:space="preserve">ualles perducenda ſit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19610" xml:space="preserve">quomodo prouidendum ſit, ſi tubuli damnum fe-
                <lb/>
              cerint. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19611" xml:space="preserve">Demum ad fictiles tubos reuertitur, testasq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19612" xml:space="preserve">adglutinare docet, comparatq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19613" xml:space="preserve">modum hunc aquæ du-
                <lb/>
              cendæ per plumbeas fiſtulas, oſtendens eum ſalubriorem & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19614" xml:space="preserve">minoris impenſæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19615" xml:space="preserve">Quibus rebus abſolutis ad pu-
                <lb/>
              teos excauandos progrediens, conſiderat qua ratione noxios uapores euitemus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19616" xml:space="preserve">imminenti ruinæ prouidea-
                <lb/>
              mus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19617" xml:space="preserve">quomodo aquam colligere debeamus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19618" xml:space="preserve">collectam ſeruare, ne diffluat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19619" xml:space="preserve">Latera putei munit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19620" xml:space="preserve">stru-
                <lb/>
              cturam circa puteum parat, prouidetq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19621" xml:space="preserve">aquæ bonitati, at que it a uolumini octauo finem imponit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19622" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19623" xml:space="preserve">Ductus autem aquæ fiunt generibus tribus, riuis per canales ſtructiles, aut fiſtulis plumbeis, ſeu
                <lb/>
              tubulis fictilibus, quorum eæ rationes ſunt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19624" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19625" xml:space="preserve">Riuos efficiebant structilibus canalibus, nam formam structilem Palladius pro canali fabrica constante
                <lb/>
              dixit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19626" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19627" xml:space="preserve">quomodo ſtruendi ſint canales docet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19628" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum Palladius quartum genus addit canales ligneos,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.294-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.294-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              quo monticolæ nostri utuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19629" xml:space="preserve">præterea apertam e riuis ductionem, nam riui opus aut foßile, aut ſtruenſile eſt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19630" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19631" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Si</emph>
              canalibus, ut ſtructura fiat quam ſolidiſsima, ſolumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19632" xml:space="preserve">riui libramenta habeat faſtigata, ne mi-
                <lb/>
              nus in centenos pedes ſemipede. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19633" xml:space="preserve">Eæq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19634" xml:space="preserve">ſtructuræ confornicentur, ut minime Sol aquam tangat.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19635" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19636" xml:space="preserve">Ita Palladius hunc locum intelligit, ſi per planum ueniet inter ſexagenos, aut centenos pedes ſenſim recli-
                <lb/>
              netur ſtructura in ſeſquipedem, ut uim poßit habere currendi. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19637" xml:space="preserve">Structura igitur erit ſolidißima, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19638" xml:space="preserve">fiet con-
                <lb/>
              fornicatio & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19639" xml:space="preserve">declinatio canalis, nam ita tribus rebus erit prouiſum primo ſolida structura, ne aqua dilaba-
                <lb/>
              tur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19640" xml:space="preserve">ſecundo confornicatione, ne aqua Solibus tepeſcat: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19641" xml:space="preserve">tertio declinatione, ut aqua facilius decurrat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19642" xml:space="preserve">nunc de
                <lb/>
              uſus diſtributione.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19643" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19644" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Cvm</emph>
              q́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19645" xml:space="preserve">uenerit ad mœnia, efficiatur caſtellum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19646" xml:space="preserve">caſtello coniunctum ad recipiendum aquam
                <lb/>
              triplex emiſſarium, collocenturq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19647" xml:space="preserve">in caſtello tres fiſtulæ æqualiter diuiſæ intra receptacula coniunctę,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.294-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.294-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              uti cum abundauerit ab extremis in medium receptaculum redundet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19648" xml:space="preserve">Ita in medio ponentur fiſtulæ
                <lb/>
              in omnes lacus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19649" xml:space="preserve">ſalientes ex altero in balneas, ut uectigal quotannis populo præſtent: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19650" xml:space="preserve">ex quibus ter-
                <lb/>
              tio in domos priuatas, ita ut ne deſit in publico.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19651" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19652" xml:space="preserve">Nunc ut dixi de diſtributione aquæ tractat, aitq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19653" xml:space="preserve">ubi ad mœnia uentum fuerit, efficiendum eſſe caſtellum,
                <lb/>
              idest amplum receptaculum, quod aquam ſuſcipit, cui receptaculo tria alia receptacula ſunt coniungenda
                <lb/>
              hæc immiſſaria dicuntur, unde poſtea erogatur aqua. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19654" xml:space="preserve">Tres uero fiſtulæ in caſtello erant æqualiter diuiſæ in-
                <lb/>
              tra receptacula coniuncta, ea de cauſa, ut abundante aqua ab extremis in medium receptaculum abundet,
                <lb/>
              nam in medio maior aquæ copia eſſe oportebat, quoniam ibi erant fiſtulæ in publica aquarum conceptacula,
                <lb/>
              quæ lacus dicuntur, ubi Romana plebs ablueret lintea, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19655" xml:space="preserve">ſimilia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19656" xml:space="preserve">inde etiam aqua in omnes ſalientes du-
                <lb/>
              cebatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19657" xml:space="preserve">Sunt enim ſalientes ſiphunculi, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s19658" xml:space="preserve">capita fiſtularum, e quibus aqua ſalit, quorum ora ſi peren-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.294-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.294-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
          </div>
        </div>
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