Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div769" type="section" level="2" n="142">
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23203" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="306" file="514.01.338" n="338" rhead="LIBER"/>
              mon appellatur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23204" xml:space="preserve">quam demum finitor cum gnomone, aut uerticali facit, ſectio æquinoctialis dicitur, nam
                <lb/>
              ibi finitor, uerticalis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23205" xml:space="preserve">æquinoctalis, qui ſunt ex maioribus ſphæræ circulis, ſe ſe mutuo ſecant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23206" xml:space="preserve">Ex huiuſ-
                <lb/>
              modi conſiderationibus, cum his,quæ ſuperius de cono, ac conicis ſectionibus dicta ſunt, regulas conficiendo-
                <lb/>
              rum horologiorum eliciemus, in quocunque plano libuerit ea deſcribere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23207" xml:space="preserve">quocunque horarum genere uti
                <lb/>
              uoluerimus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23208" xml:space="preserve">Nam ex planis alia finitori, alia meridiano, alia uerticali parallela ſunt, alia item ab illis de-
                <lb/>
              clinant, aut inclinant, itemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23209" xml:space="preserve">alia caua, alia conuexa, alia in cylindros deſignata ſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23210" xml:space="preserve">horarum quoque plu-
                <lb/>
              ra genera ſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23211" xml:space="preserve">Antiqui diem ſiue longam, ſiue breuem in partes duodenas diſtribuebant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23212" xml:space="preserve">Aſtronomi a meri-
                <lb/>
              die horarum initium capiebant, Itali ab occaſu, alij ab ortu incipiunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23213" xml:space="preserve">Mirum eſt analemmatis inuentum,
                <lb/>
              unde omnia horarum genera deſcribere poſſumus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23214" xml:space="preserve">Quare optime Vitruuius prætermiſſa prædictione rerum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.338-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.338-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              futurarum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23215" xml:space="preserve">hominis genituræ, ſeu conceptus ratione, ad horologia uenit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23216" xml:space="preserve">analemmatis conſtructionem
                <lb/>
              affert. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23217" xml:space="preserve">inquit ergo.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23218" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23219" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Nobis</emph>
              autem ab his ſeparandæ ſunt horologiorum rationes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23220" xml:space="preserve">explicandæ menſtruæ dierum
                <lb/>
              breuitates, itemque depalationes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23221" xml:space="preserve">Nanque Sol æquinoctiali tempore Ariete, Libraq́ue uerſando,
                <lb/>
              quas exgnomone partes habet nouem, eas umbræ facit octo in declinatione cœli, quæ eſt Romæ.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23222" xml:space="preserve">Itemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23223" xml:space="preserve">Athenis quàm magnæ ſunt gnomonis partes quatuor, umbræ ſunt tres: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23224" xml:space="preserve">Ad ſeptem Rhodo
                <lb/>
              quinque: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23225" xml:space="preserve">At Tarenti nouem ad undecim: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23226" xml:space="preserve">Alexandriæ tres ad quinque: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23227" xml:space="preserve">Cæterisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23228" xml:space="preserve">omnibus locis
                <lb/>
              aliæ, alio modo umbræ gnomonum æquinoctialies ab natura rerum inueniuntur diſparatæ.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23229" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23230" xml:space="preserve">Diuerſa ſunt umbrarum longitudinum diſcrimina æquinoctiorum tempore meridiano, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23231" xml:space="preserve">uarias habent ad
                <lb/>
              gnomones comparationes, idq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23232" xml:space="preserve">accidit propter diuerſas uerticis, aut æquinoctialis altitudines ſupra ſinitorẽ.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23233" xml:space="preserve">
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.338-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.338-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              Eas Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23234" xml:space="preserve">declinationes, alij latitudinem uocant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23235" xml:space="preserve">quantum enim quis ab æquinoctiali declinat, tantundem
                <lb/>
              polus ſupra finitorem extollitur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23236" xml:space="preserve">æquinoctialis deprimitur, quemadmodum in ſubiecto diagrammate uides
                <lb/>
              in quo linea U+2020 ſub q. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23237" xml:space="preserve">uerticis puncto ponitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23238" xml:space="preserve">poli c. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23239" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23240" xml:space="preserve">f. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23241" xml:space="preserve">in labro finitoris, g h. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23242" xml:space="preserve">quo ſi notam U+2020
                <lb/>
              ſub numero 10. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23243" xml:space="preserve">poſuerimus, polus c. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23244" xml:space="preserve">ſupra finitorem ad numerum 10. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23245" xml:space="preserve">tolletur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23246" xml:space="preserve">ideſt ad decem gradus,
                <lb/>
                <figure xlink:label="fig-514.01.338-01" xlink:href="fig-514.01.338-01a" number="137">
                  <description xml:id="echoid-description81" xml:space="preserve">Il polo.
                    <lb/>
                  cqiunot.
                    <lb/>
                  orizonte</description>
                  <variables xml:id="echoid-variables94" xml:space="preserve">c e b a f</variables>
                </figure>
              qui plane totidem ſunt, quot uertex noſter ab æquinoctiali de-
                <lb/>
              clinat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23247" xml:space="preserve">diuerſæ igitur ſunt cœli declinationes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23248" xml:space="preserve">Romæ igitur a-
                <lb/>
              lio modo umbra gnomoni comparatur in meridie æquinoctiorũ
                <lb/>
              tempore, alio modo Athenis, alio Alexandriæ, quoniam
                <lb/>
              propter diſcrimina declinationum, alias habet Sol altitudines
                <lb/>
              Romæ, alias Athenis, alias Alexandriæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23249" xml:space="preserve">diximus autem Solẽ
                <lb/>
              quo altius ſcandit, eò breuiores umbras gnomonum facere.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23250" xml:space="preserve">Romæ igitur ſi ſtatuatur gnomon partium nouem, octo ex illis
                <lb/>
              umbra gnomonis in plano faciet, cum in meridie Sol Arietis,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23251" xml:space="preserve">Libræ partes primas ingreditur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23252" xml:space="preserve">Athenis uero quoniam
                <lb/>
              alia est declinatio, ſi gnomon fuerit quatuor partium, tres erũt
                <lb/>
              umbræ, ad ſeptem Rhodo quinque, at Tarenti nouem ad unde-
                <lb/>
              cim; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23253" xml:space="preserve">Alexandriæ tres ad quinque. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23254" xml:space="preserve">Ex his etiam ſcire poßu-
                <lb/>
              mus quibus nam altior in meridie Sol habeatur, quoniam ex
                <lb/>
              comparatione umbræ ad gnomonem, altitudo Solis comparatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23255" xml:space="preserve">Ecce Athenis umbra tertia parte gnomone
                <lb/>
              minor eſt: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23256" xml:space="preserve">Romæ autem octaua. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23257" xml:space="preserve">quare concluditur altius Solem ſcandere Athenis, quam Romæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23258" xml:space="preserve">tanto al-
                <lb/>
              tius, quanto umbra ſubſeſquitertiæ minor eſt ſubſeſquioctauæ.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23259" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23260" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Itaqve</emph>
              in quibuſcunque locis horologia erunt deſcribenda, eò loci ſumenda eſt æquinoctia-
                <lb/>
              lis umbra.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23261" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23262" xml:space="preserve">Aggreditur modo ad analemma deſcribendum Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23263" xml:space="preserve">Quoniam uero unicum analemma non ſatis eſt in omni-
                <lb/>
              bus locis, niſi quatenus in eo communes quidam circuli, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23264" xml:space="preserve">lineæ aſciſc untur (ut dixi) quoniam æquinoctiales
                <lb/>
              umbræ meridianæ alibi aliæ ſunt: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23265" xml:space="preserve">ideo analemma ſumit pro ea declinatione, quæ eſt Romæ, communem prius
                <lb/>
              regulam proponens, dum dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23266" xml:space="preserve">{Itaque in quibuſcunque locis horologia erunt deſcribenda, ei loci ſumenda
                <lb/>
              est æquinoctialis umbra.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23267" xml:space="preserve">} & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23268" xml:space="preserve">eam umbram intelligit, quam in meridie tempore æquinoctiorum proijcit gno-
                <lb/>
              mon, quoniam ex ea umbra ratio ſumitur aliarum umbrarum meridianarum, cum Sol ad alia ſigna init.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23269" xml:space="preserve">inquit ergo.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23270" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23271" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Et</emph>
              ſi erunt (quemadmodum Romæ) gnomonis partes nouem, umbræ octonæ, deſcribatur li-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.338-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.338-04a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              nea in planitia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23272" xml:space="preserve">ex media pros orthas erigatur, ut ſit ad normã,quæ dicitur gnomon: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23273" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23274" xml:space="preserve">a linea, quę
                <lb/>
              erit planities in finem gnomonis circino nouem ſpatia dimetiantur,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23275" xml:space="preserve">quo loco nonæ partis ſignum
                <lb/>
              fuerit centrum conſtituaturubi erit litera a. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23276" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23277" xml:space="preserve">diducto circino ab eo centro ad lineam planitiæ,
                <lb/>
              ubi erit litera b. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23278" xml:space="preserve">circinatio circuli deſcribatur, quæ dicitur meridiana. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23279" xml:space="preserve">Deinde ex nouem partibus,
                <lb/>
              quæ ſunt a planitia ad gnomonis centrum,octo ſumantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23280" xml:space="preserve">ſignentur in linea, quæ eſt in planitia
                <lb/>
              ubi erit litera c. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23281" xml:space="preserve">Hæc autem erit gnomonis æquinoctialis umbra, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23282" xml:space="preserve">ab eo ſigno & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23283" xml:space="preserve">litera c. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23284" xml:space="preserve">per cen-
                <lb/>
              trum ubi eſt litera a. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23285" xml:space="preserve">linea perducatur, ubi erit Solis æquinoctialis radius.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23286" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23287" xml:space="preserve">Analemma ad eam declinationem, quæ eſt Romæ hoc modo fit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23288" xml:space="preserve">ducatur linea tranſuerſa in plano, quæ linea
                <lb/>
              planitiæ dicitur:</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23289" xml:space="preserve">non eſt autem ipſa pro finitore, ſed pro eo plano in quo erigitur gnomon, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23290" xml:space="preserve">eſt planum horo-
                <lb/>
              logij æque diſtans finitori. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s23291" xml:space="preserve">in ea igitur ſit gnomon ad angulos rectos ea qualibet longitudine, inde fiat centrum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.338-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.338-05a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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