Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24393" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="320" file="514.01.352" n="352" rhead="LIBER"/>
              logium in plano finitoris mobilis ratione meridiani immobilis, illi eſt ad angulosrectos, ſed ratione finitoris im-
                <lb/>
              mobilis ad illum eſt inclinatum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24394" xml:space="preserve">Demum horologum in plano meridiani mobilis, neque ad finitorem, neque
                <lb/>
              ad meridianum immobiles cadit ad angulos rectos, ſed ad utrunque est inclinatum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24395" xml:space="preserve">Conueniunt in hoc omnia
                <lb/>
              inclinata, quod in utraque ſuperficie confici, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24396" xml:space="preserve">deſcribi poſſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24397" xml:space="preserve">Ac primum horologia inclinata ad finitorem,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24398" xml:space="preserve">recta ad meridianum faciem alteram habet ad ſuperiorem, altera ad inferiorem partem ſpectantem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24399" xml:space="preserve">horo-
                <lb/>
              logia in plano uerticalis mobilis faciem unam a meridiano declinantem habent, alteram ad alteram partem
                <lb/>
              meridiani. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24400" xml:space="preserve">horologia demum in plano meridiani mobilis altera facie declinant ab ortu, altera ad occaſum.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24401" xml:space="preserve">Conueniunt quoque quod omnia ex iam deſcripto analemmate ſumuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24402" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24403" xml:space="preserve">circunferentias eas ſumunt, a
                <lb/>
              quibus tum altitudo, tum latitudo Solis juper ea plana comparatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24404" xml:space="preserve">Inclinationes autem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24405" xml:space="preserve">declinationes
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.352-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.352-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              parietum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24406" xml:space="preserve">planorum, in quibus deſcribenda ſunt horologia, multis instrumentis excipiuntur, quæ paſſim
                <lb/>
              videre licet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24407" xml:space="preserve">Hæc autem omnia ſi recte perpendantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24408" xml:space="preserve">animo uerſentur, facilem nobis aditum ad maiora
                <lb/>
              patefacient, quorum demonſtrationes (ut dixi) & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24409" xml:space="preserve">Ptolemæo, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24410" xml:space="preserve">Commandino relinquans.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24411" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div780" type="section" level="2" n="143">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head151" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De horologiorum ratione, & uſu, atque eorum inuentione
              <lb/>
            & quibus inuentoribus. # Cap. IX.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24412" xml:space="preserve">H
                <emph style="sc">Emicyclivm</emph>
              excauatum ex quadrato ad enclimaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24413" xml:space="preserve">ſucciſum, Beroſus Chaldæus dicitur
                <lb/>
              inueniſſe: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24414" xml:space="preserve">ſcaphem, ſiue hemiſphærium, Ariſtarchus Samius. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24415" xml:space="preserve">Idem etiam diſcum in pla-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.352-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.352-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              nitia, arachnem Eudoxus Aſtrologus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24416" xml:space="preserve">Nonnulli dicunt Apollonium; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24417" xml:space="preserve">plinthium ſiue la-
                <lb/>
              cunar (quod etiam in Circo Flaminio eſt poſitum) Scopas Syracuſanus,: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24418" xml:space="preserve">pros ta iſto-
                <lb/>
              rumena, Parmenion. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24419" xml:space="preserve">pros pan clima, Theodoſius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24420" xml:space="preserve">Andreas: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24421" xml:space="preserve">Patrocles pelecinon: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24422" xml:space="preserve">Dionyſiodo-
                <lb/>
              rus Conum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24423" xml:space="preserve">Apollonius pharetram, aliaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24424" xml:space="preserve">genera, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24425" xml:space="preserve">qui ſupraſcripti ſunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24426" xml:space="preserve">alij plures inuenta reli-
                <lb/>
              querunt, uti Gonarchen, Engonaton, Antiboræum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24427" xml:space="preserve">Item ex his generibus uiatoria penſilia uti ſie-
                <lb/>
              rent plures ſcripta reliquerunt: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24428" xml:space="preserve">ex quorum librjs, ſi quis uelit ſubiectiones inuenire, poterit, dummodo
                <lb/>
              ſciat analemmatum deſcriptiones.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24429" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24430" xml:space="preserve">Quæ a Vitruuio ponuntur hoc loco ſatis explicari poterunt ab his, qui analemmatum rationes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24431" xml:space="preserve">ſpbæ-
                <lb/>
              ræ circulos proijcere in planum ſciunt, nam cuilibet experto integrum erit horologia ad quancunque formam
                <lb/>
              deducere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24432" xml:space="preserve">Beroſus ut arbitror horologium ex quadrato ſucciſum cum parallelis ſignorum circulis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24433" xml:space="preserve">horis
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.352-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.352-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              ad unam cœli inclinationem inuenit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24434" xml:space="preserve">At Aristarchus in hemiſphærio id poſuit, atque etiam in excauato uaſe,
                <lb/>
              ſed non ad perfectum hemiſphærium, quod diſcum appellauit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24435" xml:space="preserve">omnia hæc horologia, ideſt ſucciſum ad unam
                <lb/>
              declinationem ex quadrato, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24436" xml:space="preserve">hemiſphærium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24437" xml:space="preserve">diſcus, habebant omnes circulos in linea lacotomo, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24438" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              circulo menstruo contentos, omnemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24439" xml:space="preserve">planè Solis declinationem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24440" xml:space="preserve">nos integram ſphæram ad omnem cœli in-
                <lb/>
              clinationem perforatam, cum circulis par allelis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24441" xml:space="preserve">horarijs confecimus, tropicis tamen mobilibus, ut omnia
                <lb/>
              horarum genera imponeremus, confecimus, qua non ſolum pro communi horologio ad omnes cœli inclinationes
                <lb/>
              uteremur, ſed ut eo inſtrumento in omnia planorum genera ſiue ea finitoris plano, ſiue uerticali, ſiue meridia-
                <lb/>
              no, hisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24442" xml:space="preserve">tam firmis quàm mobilibus præfinirentur omnibus quibus libuerit horis inſcriptis, gnomone medio,
                <lb/>
              cuius apici ſi lucerna adhibeatur in tenebris ſphæram in parietem oppoſitum, ſeu quodcunque planum proij-
                <lb/>
              ciet, ita ut ratio astrolabij illo experimento facile dignoſci poſſit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24443" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum horologia a multis inuenta ſunt
                <lb/>
              ex naturalibus formis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24444" xml:space="preserve">ex artificialibus figuris, unde alij folia arborum, alij cruces, alij stellas, aut naues,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.352-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.352-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              nos in auium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24445" xml:space="preserve">animalium formas plura confecimus, quæ omnia ex Solis altitudine gnomonis ad umbram
                <lb/>
              proportione, circumferentiarum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24446" xml:space="preserve">angulorum ratione eliciuntur & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24447" xml:space="preserve">ad propoſitas formas accommodantur,
                <lb/>
              quorum analemmata uulgus ignorat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24448" xml:space="preserve">effectus admiratur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24449" xml:space="preserve">Ideo araneæ forma horologium eſſe poterat, li-
                <lb/>
              neis horarijs circulos altitudinis Solis oſtendentes traijcientibus, qualia ſunt in diagram. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24450" xml:space="preserve">B. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24451" xml:space="preserve">C. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24452" xml:space="preserve">D. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24453" xml:space="preserve">Plin-
                <lb/>
              thus erat truncus, in quo plura horologiorum genera recta, inclinata, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24454" xml:space="preserve">declinantia deſcribi poterant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24455" xml:space="preserve">Pha-
                <lb/>
              retræ ſimiha erant horologia ad ortum, ſeu ad occaſum ſpectantia, quæ ſuperius in plano meridiani deſcripſi-
                <lb/>
              mus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24456" xml:space="preserve">ſimiliratione ex his, quæ mercatores de diuerſarum regionum inclinationibus referebant, Parmenion
                <lb/>
              ad eas inclinationes horologia deſcribebat: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24457" xml:space="preserve">quæ in uniuerſum Theodoſius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24458" xml:space="preserve">Andreas ad omnes cœli tractus,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24459" xml:space="preserve">inclinationes orbis faciebant: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24460" xml:space="preserve">nam horologium quodcunque in æ quinoctiali, aut in plano axis deſcriptum,
                <lb/>
              modo ex tetrante eleuetur ad uerticem, ut ratio inclinationis poſtulat, ad omnem regionem accommodatur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24461" xml:space="preserve">
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.352-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.352-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              Fiunt etiam horologia ad omnem inclinationem, quæ ad Solis curſum ſuſpenſa uertuntur, cuiuſmodi eſt illud
                <lb/>
              Ioannis Stabij, a quo Petrus Apianus folium populi conformauit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24462" xml:space="preserve">quorum analemmata eadem ſunt, quæ Vi-
                <lb/>
              truuij, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24463" xml:space="preserve">Ptolomæi nonnullis ab Orontio & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24464" xml:space="preserve">Munſthero adiectis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24465" xml:space="preserve">Pelecinon a ſecuri forma dictum eſt, quale
                <lb/>
              dixerim eſſe horologium, quod hyperboles habet a circulis parallelis in plano finitoris, aut uerticalis deſcri-
                <lb/>
              ptas. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24466" xml:space="preserve">Conus est, ſi regula centri in non apparenti hemiſphærio extendatur utrinque per ſummas tropicas
                <lb/>
              declinationes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24467" xml:space="preserve">Planum hoc dicitur conus declinationum, huius extrema ad nullam ſuperficiem obiectam ter-
                <lb/>
              minantur, quale trigonum Zodiacum eſſe dices. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24468" xml:space="preserve">quod est tanquam analemma, ſi quis recte ipſum conſiderat.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24469" xml:space="preserve">engonaton. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24470" xml:space="preserve">Gonarchen, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24471" xml:space="preserve">Antiboræum puto ita fuiſſe fabricata, ut ad Aſteriſmum & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24472" xml:space="preserve">ſydus aliquod, uel ad
                <lb/>
              aliquas cœli partes, etiam pro nocturno horario aſpectantia reſpiciant, ſubiectis proprijs analemmatis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24473" xml:space="preserve">Via-
                <lb/>
              toria penſilia ſunt quadrantes, cylindri, annuli, planæ circulorum ſuperſicies, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24474" xml:space="preserve">huiuſmodi, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s24475" xml:space="preserve">quæ paſſim
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.352-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.352-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
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