Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div792" type="section" level="2" n="145">
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25112" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="331" file="514.01.363" n="363" rhead="DECIMVS."/>
              eſt unde uitium & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25113" xml:space="preserve">uirtus in rebus oriatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25114" xml:space="preserve">Materiæ qualitates diuer ſæſunt, quæ a principiorum temperatura
                <lb/>
              ortum habent, ab ijs enim denſum, rarum, graue, leue, aſperum, molle, denſum, tenue, liquidum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25115" xml:space="preserve">ſiccum,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25116" xml:space="preserve">huiuſmodi aliæ proprietates proſiciſcuntur, quæ aut impediunt, aut aptam reddunt materiem ad rationes
                <lb/>
              artis ſuſcipiẽdas. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25117" xml:space="preserve">Figuræ quoque aliæ aptiores ſunt motionibus, quàm aliæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25118" xml:space="preserve">Anaturali ergo ſcientia ſubiectam
                <lb/>
              rem capit machinatio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25119" xml:space="preserve">Sed ſormam a mathematico. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25120" xml:space="preserve">Deforma igitur agentes dicimus, quod quæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25121" xml:space="preserve">admiratio-
                <lb/>
              nem afferunt, ab admirandis cauſis ortum habere, nam magni effectus cauſarum magnitudinem arguunt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25122" xml:space="preserve">An non eſt mir abile immane pondus etiam ponderis adiectione facilius agi? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25123" xml:space="preserve">Tympanum rotamq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25124" xml:space="preserve">mediam prio
                <lb/>
              ris motionem ad tertiam transferre, cum ipſa comtrario primæ motu feratur? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25125" xml:space="preserve">quod certis terminis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25126" xml:space="preserve">ma-
                <lb/>
              gnitudinibus res quædam costitutæ perſiciantur, ultra quos nulla ratione conſiſtant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25127" xml:space="preserve">Miraculo igitur ſunt
                <lb/>
              bæc, quare non est aratione alienum ſi aliqua inuenitur naturæ proprietas admiranda, quæ harum rerum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.363-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.363-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              cauſa ſit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25128" xml:space="preserve">Ideo animaduertendum eſt omnia bæc a uectis natura proſiciſci. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25129" xml:space="preserve">Vectis uero ratio a trutina, truti-
                <lb/>
              næ a libra, libræ tandem a circuli proprietate ortum ducit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25130" xml:space="preserve">Habet autem circulus, quod nullares alia natu-
                <lb/>
              ra conſtans ferre poteſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25131" xml:space="preserve">Contraijs enim & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25132" xml:space="preserve">repugnantibus ſubſtituitur, unde ortum admiratio ſumit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25133" xml:space="preserve">Mo-
                <lb/>
              uetur circinatio immoto centro, linea eadem, circinationis cum latitudinis expers ſit, curua, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25134" xml:space="preserve">conuexa eſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25135" xml:space="preserve">aſcendit ſurſum pars una deſcendit altera in circ ulo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25136" xml:space="preserve">Lineæ a centro ductœ ſuis partibus uelocius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25137" xml:space="preserve">tardius mo
                <lb/>
              uentur, quæ omnia ſibi mutuo aduerſantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25138" xml:space="preserve">motioni quies, curuum conuexo, ſummum imo, uelox tardo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25139" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              Cum igitur circuli uls, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25140" xml:space="preserve">natura huiuſmodi ſit, ut contraria, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25141" xml:space="preserve">aduerſantia, quod alibi natura non patitur,
                <lb/>
              admittat, nonne hoc est admiratione dignum? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25142" xml:space="preserve">Sed hoc unlgus latet, stupeſcit enim cum effectus intuetur,
                <lb/>
              quorum rationes ignorat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25143" xml:space="preserve">Neigitur erremus cum uulgo, teneamus hæc omnia ab ipſa circuli natura deduci. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25144" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              Complectentes autem quod iucundum est, atque admirabile, dicimus debere nos originem, partitiones, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25145" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.363-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.363-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              regulas totius machinationis habere debere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25146" xml:space="preserve">Origo esta neceſsitate: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25147" xml:space="preserve">cogit enim neceßitas, ut noſtris com-
                <lb/>
              modis inſeruiamus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25148" xml:space="preserve">Natura docet propoſitis ab animalibus exemplis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25149" xml:space="preserve">continens cœli uerſatio amplam quan-
                <lb/>
              dam machinationem præbet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25150" xml:space="preserve">Caſus item multa ferre ſolet, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25151" xml:space="preserve">humana ſolertia ab ipſo caſu argumentum ſu-
                <lb/>
              mit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25152" xml:space="preserve">Vnde tot auxilijs, indicibus, exemplaribus, impulſionibus coacti, machinationes multas perficimus,
                <lb/>
              ad humanos uſus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25153" xml:space="preserve">commoditates, unde origo machininationis ſatis estmanifeſta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25154" xml:space="preserve">Nunc de diuiſione di-
                <lb/>
              cam. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25155" xml:space="preserve">Ex machinis quædam per ſe moucentur, quæ automata Græce uocantur, quia ultro, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25156" xml:space="preserve">ſponte uerſari
                <lb/>
              uidentur, aliæ non per ſemouentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25157" xml:space="preserve">ex prioribus quædam ſtata Græci, Stataria Latine dictæſunt, quædam hy-
                <lb/>
              pagonta, idest ſubuerſatæ, habent enim infra ſe latenter, unde motum habent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25158" xml:space="preserve">de utrisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25159" xml:space="preserve">generibus Hero per-
                <lb/>
              tractat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25160" xml:space="preserve">docetq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25161" xml:space="preserve">ædem rotundam facere in qua Baccbus pateram altera manu tenet, alter a tympannum-
                <lb/>
              Propè uero adest panthera & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25162" xml:space="preserve">Ara: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25163" xml:space="preserve">circum Bacchides tympana tenentes, ſupra Tholum alata, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25164" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.363-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.363-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              coronata uictoria collocatur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25165" xml:space="preserve">atque uno & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25166" xml:space="preserve">eodem tempore in araignis ſuccenditur, Bacchus lac e patera,
                <lb/>
              uinum e Thyrſo uerſat in pantheram; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25167" xml:space="preserve">Eacchides circunſalientes tympana pulſant, uictoria ſe cir cumagens
                <lb/>
              alas quatiens tuba ſonat: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25168" xml:space="preserve">In alia uero diſpoſitione facit inambulantia ſigilla euntia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25169" xml:space="preserve">redeuntia, motionesq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25170" xml:space="preserve">uarias reddentia, ut uſus poſtulat ex propoſito. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25171" xml:space="preserve">Ex his autem quæ non mouentur ſponte, ideſt quæmotionis
                <lb/>
              initium intra non habent, aliæ ab inanimis rebus cientur, aliæ ab animatis, priores aut ab aere, aut ab aqua,
                <lb/>
              aut ab igne impelluntur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25172" xml:space="preserve">ab aere & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25173" xml:space="preserve">ſpiritu quæmouentur, qutſpiritusincluſos habent, aut liberos: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25174" xml:space="preserve">ſi inclu-
                <lb/>
              ſus pneumatica ratio abſoluitur, hoc tſt ſpiritalis, de qua Hero. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25175" xml:space="preserve">Si liber, easfacit machinas, quæuento liberæ
                <lb/>
              impelluntur, ut ædiſicia ad molendum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25176" xml:space="preserve">hydranlicæ quædam machinæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25177" xml:space="preserve">quæ uerrucula impellente ſumo
                <lb/>
              conuoluunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25178" xml:space="preserve">Si ab aqua, tunc ſiunt rotæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25179" xml:space="preserve">tympana ad molendum, ſerræ ad trabes ſecandas, folles, manti-
                <lb/>
              cesq́ ad tundendum ſerrum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25180" xml:space="preserve">alia huiuſmodi, quorum uſus est maxime neceſſarius. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25181" xml:space="preserve">Verum ſi machinæ ab
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.363-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.363-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              animatis mouentur, eæ ſunt, quas uel ratione carentia mouent, ut boues, equi, muliq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25182" xml:space="preserve">ut currus, ciſia, quadri-
                <lb/>
              gæ, uel eæ, quas homines durum, genus uerſat, trabit, erigit, impellit, ſiue ad pacis uſus, ſiue ad bellicos appa-
                <lb/>
              ratus ſpectant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25183" xml:space="preserve">Vnde ad eas motiones trochleis, uctibus, radijs, trutinis, lancibus, ergatis, rotis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25184" xml:space="preserve">tympa-
                <lb/>
              nis utitur, ut autem aſcendat multiplices ſcalarum ſormas construit, munitas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25185" xml:space="preserve">ſine munitione, ut uero diſ-
                <lb/>
              rumpat, excutiat, proſternat, quatiat, frangatq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25186" xml:space="preserve">ac iaculetur, arietes, teſtudines, turres ambulatorias, cuni-
                <lb/>
              cula, terebras, catapultas, balistas, tormenta reliqua, &</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25187" xml:space="preserve">diſicat, compingit, coagmentat, quæ omnia ad ma-
                <lb/>
              chinarum partitionem ſpectant, quarum rationes, ac regulæ inſerius ponentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25188" xml:space="preserve">interim uerba quædam proœ-
                <lb/>
              mij buius explicabimus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25189" xml:space="preserve">{ Velorumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25190" xml:space="preserve">inductiones } in ſcenicis ludis ſolebat tendi aulæum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25191" xml:space="preserve">ſeabella ap-
                <lb/>
              portari. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25192" xml:space="preserve">Munera autem publica (utiquit Budæus) uno nomine lythurgiæ dicuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25193" xml:space="preserve">Quorum generum ſunt
                <lb/>
              choragia, idest præſtatio ſuppeditando choro inuenta liberalium ludorum tempore, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25194" xml:space="preserve">panathenæorum, He-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.363-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.363-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              ſtiaſis idest conuiuatio, ſeu epulum tributim exhiberti ſolitum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25195" xml:space="preserve">Gymnaſiarchiæ oleum paleſtræ ſuppeditabat
                <lb/>
              priuato ſumptu. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25196" xml:space="preserve">Iſphora dicebatur collatio ad stipendia militum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25197" xml:space="preserve">pulchre apteq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25198" xml:space="preserve">adducuntur Lucretij carmi-
                <lb/>
              na a Philandro, ex libro quarto in locupletißimum theatri testimonium.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25199" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25200" xml:space="preserve">Et uulgo ſaciunt id lutea, ruffaq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25201" xml:space="preserve">uela,
                <lb/>
              Et ferruginea cum magnis intenta Theatris
                <lb/>
              Per malos uulgata, trabesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25202" xml:space="preserve">trementia pendent,
                <lb/>
              Nanq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25203" xml:space="preserve">ibi conceſſum caueaiſubter, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25204" xml:space="preserve">omnem
                <lb/>
              Scenalem ſpeciem patrum, matrumq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25205" xml:space="preserve">, Deorumq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25206" xml:space="preserve">Inſiciunt coguntq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25207" xml:space="preserve">ſuo ſtuitate colore.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25208" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25209" xml:space="preserve">Et quanto circum mage ſunt incluſa Theatris
                <lb/>
              Mœnia, tam magis hæc intus perſuſa lepore
                <lb/>
              Omnia corrident concepta luce diei.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25210" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
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