Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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            <pb o="332" file="514.01.364" n="364" rhead="LIBER"/>
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div795" type="section" level="2" n="146">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head154" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De machina quid ſit, & eius ab organo differentia, origine, &
              <lb/>
            neceßitate. # Cap. I.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25211" xml:space="preserve">MAchina eſcontinens ex materia conlunctio, maximas ad onerum motus habens uirtutes.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25212" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25213" xml:space="preserve">Diffinit hoc capite Vitruuius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25214" xml:space="preserve">declarat quid machina ſit, quo modo moueatur, quot, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25215" xml:space="preserve">quæ
                <lb/>
              machinarum genera inueniantur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25216" xml:space="preserve">quæ ſit machinæ ab orgando differentia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25217" xml:space="preserve">unde machinatio ori-
                <lb/>
              ginem duxit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25218" xml:space="preserve">Quod igitur ſpectat ad machinæ diffinitionem: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25219" xml:space="preserve">Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25220" xml:space="preserve">ait machinam eſſe continen-
                <lb/>
              tem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25221" xml:space="preserve">perpetuam coniunctionem ex materia, ideſt ligno, uel ſerro, quæ maximas habet ad onerum motus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25222" xml:space="preserve">uirtutes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25223" xml:space="preserve">idest, maximas uires habet ad onera mouenda: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25224" xml:space="preserve">utitur autemmotus nomine communiori notione, qua
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.364-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.364-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              tenus tractionem, impulſionem, ſubleuationem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25225" xml:space="preserve">alia generα complectitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25226" xml:space="preserve">Ratio autem machmarum con-
                <lb/>
              ſtruendarum mechanica dicitur, uel machinalis ſcientia. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25227" xml:space="preserve">ubi non tam materiæ ratio, quäm manus, atq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25228" xml:space="preserve">in-
                <lb/>
              genij ducitur, nam qui machinam conſtructurus, eſt, mente diu uerſat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25229" xml:space="preserve">machinatur quid, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25230" xml:space="preserve">quomodo agen-
                <lb/>
              dum ſit ut onera ſubleuet, alte conſcendat, uehementer quatiat, longe iaculetur, facile uerſet, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25231" xml:space="preserve">demum ea
                <lb/>
              ſaciat, quæ ad humanos uſus (alioquin repugnante natura) pertinere poſſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25232" xml:space="preserve">Cura igitur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25233" xml:space="preserve">ſollicitudo
                <lb/>
              quæ urget nos, ut naturam aduſus nostros deducamus, machinari no s facit, hoc eſt maginando inuenire,
                <lb/>
              unde imaginatio lumen a mente capiens mathematicis rationibus exercita, resinueniendo quodam ſucceſſionis
                <lb/>
              ordine materiam ſimul adnectit, (alioquin nibil efficeret, quoniam res diſparatæ ad unum ſinem tendere ne-
                <lb/>
              queunt.) </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25234" xml:space="preserve">ut motus eos efficiat, qui admiratione maxima a uulgo ſuſpiciuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25235" xml:space="preserve">Ideoinquit Vitr.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25236" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25237" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Ea</emph>
              moueturex arte circulorum rotundationibus, quam Græci ηυηλιηιω ηινηίυ appellant.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25238" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25239" xml:space="preserve">Ideſt principium, ac forma omnium machinationum est motus circularis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25240" xml:space="preserve">Quærendum uero eſt quomodo ſer
                <lb/>
              netur hoc, ut in ommi machinatione ſit motus circularis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25241" xml:space="preserve">Nam Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25242" xml:space="preserve">inferius dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25243" xml:space="preserve">Scanſorium genus non
                <lb/>
              arte, ſed audacia gloriari, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25244" xml:space="preserve">in ijs machinis, quæ ſpiritales dicuntur nullus eſt circularis, motus, niſi in pau-
                <lb/>
              ciſſimis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25245" xml:space="preserve">Præterea machinæ diffinitio non uidetur conuenire omnibus machinar um generibus, non enim omnis
                <lb/>
              machinatio ad hoc paratur, ut onera moueat, nec omnis machin atio ligno constat, ſi uelimus affirmare Vi-
                <lb/>
              truuium diffinire eas machinas, quæ circulari motu reguntur, quomodo intelligemus eum machinas in tria
                <lb/>
              genera diuifiſſe, idest trastorium, ſcanſoriium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25246" xml:space="preserve">ſpiritable? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25247" xml:space="preserve">Ergo ſi intelligimus machinam eſſe continuam ma-
                <lb/>
              teriæ coniumctionem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25248" xml:space="preserve">materiæ nomine, non ligna ſolum, ſed cæera ex quibus machinæ conſtruuntur, hoc for-
                <lb/>
              te stabit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25249" xml:space="preserve">Sed quomodo conueniet machinas omnes maximas ad oncrum motus habere uirtutes, ſi machi-
                <lb/>
              nas illas appellaueris, quæ ſpiritu, atque aere impulſu conſiciuntur? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25250" xml:space="preserve">quod onus quimotus in illis eſt? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25251" xml:space="preserve">Reſpon-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.364-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.364-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              deo oneris nomine non modo intelligi grauitatem, quam res magnæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25252" xml:space="preserve">ponderoſæ habent, ſed & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25253" xml:space="preserve">impetum,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25254" xml:space="preserve">momentum illud, quod habet quælibet res a natura ut ad ſua quæque loca ſeratur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25255" xml:space="preserve">cum ergo arte fit, ut
                <lb/>
              res grauis ſaliat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25256" xml:space="preserve">natura permittit ut elementa præter naturalem inclinationem aut aſcendant, aut deſcen-
                <lb/>
              dant: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25257" xml:space="preserve">certe hæc maxima uis eſt ad onerum motiones, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25258" xml:space="preserve">neceſſitas illa, quæ elementis imponitur, ſumma ſo-
                <lb/>
              lertia ab arte proſiciſcitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25259" xml:space="preserve">Ergo etiam ſpiritalibus machinis diffinitio conuenit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25260" xml:space="preserve">Scanſoriæ quoque machi-
                <lb/>
              næ ea uirtute non cavent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25261" xml:space="preserve">quando contra momentum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25262" xml:space="preserve">impetum, quam Græciropim uocant, a natura in-
                <lb/>
              ſitum, terrena, aut humida hoc eſt grauia corpora ſubleuentur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25263" xml:space="preserve">funibus, rotisq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25264" xml:space="preserve">, ac tympanis ad ſumma
                <lb/>
              ædium culmina aſcendatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25265" xml:space="preserve">Quod ſi hoc genus audacia potius, quäm arte nitatur, non tamen artiſicio caret,
                <lb/>
              cum non modo ut aſcedamus, ſed ut tutò aſcendamus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25266" xml:space="preserve">hoſtes offendamus ſcalæ fieri ſoleant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25267" xml:space="preserve">Noſtris etiã
                <lb/>
              igniuomis machinis, quas bombardas uocant, diffinitio machinæ congruit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25268" xml:space="preserve">eas nos ab arte, artigliarias uo-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.364-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.364-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              camus, ſiunt enim ex perpetua materiæ coniunctione, habentq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25269" xml:space="preserve">ad onera uirtutes maximas iuxta ordinem uni
                <lb/>
              uerſi, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25270" xml:space="preserve">omnino & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25271" xml:space="preserve">circulares, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25272" xml:space="preserve">porrectos motus habent, ut conſiderantibus eſt manifeſtum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25273" xml:space="preserve">Demum nitlla
                <lb/>
              eſt machina, quæ non directa, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25274" xml:space="preserve">rotunda motione perficiatur quod longa inductione a Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25275" xml:space="preserve">probabitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25276" xml:space="preserve">In-
                <lb/>
              terim machinarum genera explicentur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25277" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25278" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Est</emph>
              autem unum genus ſcanſorium, quod Græcè acrouaticon dicitur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25279" xml:space="preserve">Alterum ſpiritale, quod
                <lb/>
              apud eos pneumaticon dappellatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25280" xml:space="preserve">Tertium tractorium, id autem Græci uanauſon uocant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25281" xml:space="preserve">Scanſoriũ
                <lb/>
              autem eſt, cum machinæ ita ſuerint collocatæ, ut ad altitudinem tignis ſtatutis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25282" xml:space="preserve">tranſuerſarijs col-
                <lb/>
              ligatis ſine periculo ſcandatur ad apparatus ſpectationem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25283" xml:space="preserve">Spiritale eſt cum ſpiritus expreſsionibus
                <lb/>
              impulſus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25284" xml:space="preserve">plagæ, uocesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25285" xml:space="preserve">organicos exprimuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25286" xml:space="preserve">Tractorium uerò cum onera machinis pertra-
                <lb/>
              huntur, aut ad altitudinem ſublata collocantur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25287" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25288" xml:space="preserve">Machinarum tria genera eſſe dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25289" xml:space="preserve">Scanſorium, ſpiritale, tractorium. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25290" xml:space="preserve">Græcas quoque corum appellatio-
                <lb/>
              nes apponit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25291" xml:space="preserve">ſcanſorium, acrouaticon: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25292" xml:space="preserve">ſpiritale pneumaticon: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25293" xml:space="preserve">Tractorium uanauſon Græce appellari mo-
                <lb/>
              net. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25294" xml:space="preserve">Sunt quinon acrouaticon. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25295" xml:space="preserve">Sed aerouaticon legant, ſed non animaduerterunt quid Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25296" xml:space="preserve">uelit, quia enim
                <lb/>
              in proœmio dixerat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25297" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25298" xml:space="preserve">ea omnia, quæ ſcenicis moribus per machinationem ad ſpectationes populo compa-
                <lb/>
              rantur} & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25299" xml:space="preserve">hic dicit { ſcanſorium eſſe cum machinæ ita fuerint collocatæ, ut ad altitudinem tignis ſtatutis,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25300" xml:space="preserve">tranſuerſarijs colligatis ſine periculo ſcandatur ad apparatus ſpectationem } putant Vitruuium intelligere
                <lb/>
              de ſcalis, quibus aſcendebatur ad ſcenæ apparatus faciendos, ſed non uident de quibus ſcalis intelligat in hoc
                <lb/>
              libro. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25301" xml:space="preserve">Sunt enim bellicæ machinæ ad ſcandendum inſtructæ, e quarum ſummitate tanquam e ſpecula obſi-
                <lb/>
              dentes explorant, quid in urbe ofſeſſi aduerſus ſe parent, quod genus mox dicet non arte, ſed audacia gloriari.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25302" xml:space="preserve">de ijs Valturius agit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25303" xml:space="preserve">Spiritale autem multo plura complectitur, quàmquæ Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25304" xml:space="preserve">enumerat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25305" xml:space="preserve">Solas enimhy-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.364-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.364-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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