Vitruvius
,
De architectura libri decem
,
1567
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514.01.364
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364
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LIBER
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<
head
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style
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xml:space
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">De machina quid ſit, & eius ab organo differentia, origine, &
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neceßitate. # Cap. I.</
head
>
<
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25211
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">MAchina eſcontinens ex materia conlunctio, maximas ad onerum motus habens uirtutes.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25212
"
xml:space
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"/>
</
p
>
<
p
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<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25213
"
xml:space
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preserve
">Diffinit hoc capite Vitruuius, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25214
"
xml:space
="
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">declarat quid machina ſit, quo modo moueatur, quot, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25215
"
xml:space
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">quæ
<
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/>
machinarum genera inueniantur: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25216
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">quæ ſit machinæ ab orgando differentia, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25217
"
xml:space
="
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">unde machinatio ori-
<
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/>
ginem duxit. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25218
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Quod igitur ſpectat ad machinæ diffinitionem: </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25219
"
xml:space
="
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">Vitr. </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25220
"
xml:space
="
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">ait machinam eſſe continen-
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tem, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25221
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">perpetuam coniunctionem ex materia, ideſt ligno, uel ſerro, quæ maximas habet ad onerum motus.
<
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/>
</
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25222
"
xml:space
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">uirtutes. </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25223
"
xml:space
="
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">idest, maximas uires habet ad onera mouenda: </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25224
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">utitur autemmotus nomine communiori notione, qua
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/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.364-01
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xlink:href
="
note-514.01.364-01a
"
xml:space
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">10</
note
>
tenus tractionem, impulſionem, ſubleuationem, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25225
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">alia generα complectitur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25226
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Ratio autem machmarum con-
<
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/>
ſtruendarum mechanica dicitur, uel machinalis ſcientia. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25227
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ubi non tam materiæ ratio, quäm manus, atq; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25228
"
xml:space
="
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">in-
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genij ducitur, nam qui machinam conſtructurus, eſt, mente diu uerſat, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25229
"
xml:space
="
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">machinatur quid, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25230
"
xml:space
="
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">quomodo agen-
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dum ſit ut onera ſubleuet, alte conſcendat, uehementer quatiat, longe iaculetur, facile uerſet, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25231
"
xml:space
="
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">demum ea
<
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/>
ſaciat, quæ ad humanos uſus (alioquin repugnante natura) pertinere poſſunt. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25232
"
xml:space
="
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">Cura igitur, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25233
"
xml:space
="
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">ſollicitudo
<
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/>
quæ urget nos, ut naturam aduſus nostros deducamus, machinari no s facit, hoc eſt maginando inuenire,
<
lb
/>
unde imaginatio lumen a mente capiens mathematicis rationibus exercita, resinueniendo quodam ſucceſſionis
<
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/>
ordine materiam ſimul adnectit, (alioquin nibil efficeret, quoniam res diſparatæ ad unum ſinem tendere ne-
<
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/>
queunt.) </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25234
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ut motus eos efficiat, qui admiratione maxima a uulgo ſuſpiciuntur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25235
"
xml:space
="
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">Ideoinquit Vitr.</
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25236
"
xml:space
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"/>
</
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>
<
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25237
"
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="
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">
<
emph
style
="
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">Ea</
emph
>
moueturex arte circulorum rotundationibus, quam Græci ηυηλιηιω ηινηίυ appellant.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25238
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="
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</
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>
<
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">20</
note
>
<
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25239
"
xml:space
="
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">Ideſt principium, ac forma omnium machinationum est motus circularis. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25240
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Quærendum uero eſt quomodo ſer
<
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/>
netur hoc, ut in ommi machinatione ſit motus circularis. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25241
"
xml:space
="
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">Nam Vitru. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25242
"
xml:space
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">inferius dicit. </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25243
"
xml:space
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">Scanſorium genus non
<
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arte, ſed audacia gloriari, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25244
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">in ijs machinis, quæ ſpiritales dicuntur nullus eſt circularis, motus, niſi in pau-
<
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/>
ciſſimis. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25245
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Præterea machinæ diffinitio non uidetur conuenire omnibus machinar um generibus, non enim omnis
<
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/>
machinatio ad hoc paratur, ut onera moueat, nec omnis machin atio ligno constat, ſi uelimus affirmare Vi-
<
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/>
truuium diffinire eas machinas, quæ circulari motu reguntur, quomodo intelligemus eum machinas in tria
<
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/>
genera diuifiſſe, idest trastorium, ſcanſoriium, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25246
"
xml:space
="
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">ſpiritable? </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25247
"
xml:space
="
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">Ergo ſi intelligimus machinam eſſe continuam ma-
<
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/>
teriæ coniumctionem, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25248
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">materiæ nomine, non ligna ſolum, ſed cæera ex quibus machinæ conſtruuntur, hoc for-
<
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/>
te stabit. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25249
"
xml:space
="
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">Sed quomodo conueniet machinas omnes maximas ad oncrum motus habere uirtutes, ſi machi-
<
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/>
nas illas appellaueris, quæ ſpiritu, atque aere impulſu conſiciuntur? </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25250
"
xml:space
="
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">quod onus quimotus in illis eſt? </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25251
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xml:space
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">Reſpon-
<
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<
note
position
="
left
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xlink:label
="
note-514.01.364-03
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xlink:href
="
note-514.01.364-03a
"
xml:space
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">30</
note
>
deo oneris nomine non modo intelligi grauitatem, quam res magnæ, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25252
"
xml:space
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">ponderoſæ habent, ſed & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25253
"
xml:space
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">impetum,
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& </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25254
"
xml:space
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">momentum illud, quod habet quælibet res a natura ut ad ſua quæque loca ſeratur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25255
"
xml:space
="
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">cum ergo arte fit, ut
<
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/>
res grauis ſaliat, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25256
"
xml:space
="
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">natura permittit ut elementa præter naturalem inclinationem aut aſcendant, aut deſcen-
<
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dant: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25257
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">certe hæc maxima uis eſt ad onerum motiones, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25258
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">neceſſitas illa, quæ elementis imponitur, ſumma ſo-
<
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/>
lertia ab arte proſiciſcitur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25259
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Ergo etiam ſpiritalibus machinis diffinitio conuenit. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25260
"
xml:space
="
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">Scanſoriæ quoque machi-
<
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/>
næ ea uirtute non cavent. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25261
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">quando contra momentum, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25262
"
xml:space
="
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">impetum, quam Græciropim uocant, a natura in-
<
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/>
ſitum, terrena, aut humida hoc eſt grauia corpora ſubleuentur, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25263
"
xml:space
="
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">funibus, rotisq́;</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25264
"
xml:space
="
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">, ac tympanis ad ſumma
<
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/>
ædium culmina aſcendatur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25265
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Quod ſi hoc genus audacia potius, quäm arte nitatur, non tamen artiſicio caret,
<
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/>
cum non modo ut aſcedamus, ſed ut tutò aſcendamus, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25266
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">hoſtes offendamus ſcalæ fieri ſoleant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25267
"
xml:space
="
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">Noſtris etiã
<
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/>
igniuomis machinis, quas bombardas uocant, diffinitio machinæ congruit, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25268
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">eas nos ab arte, artigliarias uo-
<
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/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.364-04
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.364-04a
"
xml:space
="
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">40</
note
>
camus, ſiunt enim ex perpetua materiæ coniunctione, habentq́; </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25269
"
xml:space
="
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">ad onera uirtutes maximas iuxta ordinem uni
<
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/>
uerſi, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25270
"
xml:space
="
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">omnino & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25271
"
xml:space
="
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">circulares, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25272
"
xml:space
="
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">porrectos motus habent, ut conſiderantibus eſt manifeſtum. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25273
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Demum nitlla
<
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/>
eſt machina, quæ non directa, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25274
"
xml:space
="
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">rotunda motione perficiatur quod longa inductione a Vitr. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25275
"
xml:space
="
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">probabitur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25276
"
xml:space
="
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">In-
<
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terim machinarum genera explicentur.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25277
"
xml:space
="
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"/>
</
p
>
<
p
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25278
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">
<
emph
style
="
sc
">Est</
emph
>
autem unum genus ſcanſorium, quod Græcè acrouaticon dicitur: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25279
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Alterum ſpiritale, quod
<
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/>
apud eos pneumaticon dappellatur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25280
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Tertium tractorium, id autem Græci uanauſon uocant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25281
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Scanſoriũ
<
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/>
autem eſt, cum machinæ ita ſuerint collocatæ, ut ad altitudinem tignis ſtatutis, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25282
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">tranſuerſarijs col-
<
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/>
ligatis ſine periculo ſcandatur ad apparatus ſpectationem. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25283
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Spiritale eſt cum ſpiritus expreſsionibus
<
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/>
impulſus, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25284
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">plagæ, uocesq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25285
"
xml:space
="
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">organicos exprimuntur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25286
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Tractorium uerò cum onera machinis pertra-
<
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/>
huntur, aut ad altitudinem ſublata collocantur.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25287
"
xml:space
="
preserve
"/>
</
p
>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">50</
note
>
<
p
style
="
it
">
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25288
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Machinarum tria genera eſſe dicit. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25289
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Scanſorium, ſpiritale, tractorium. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25290
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Græcas quoque corum appellatio-
<
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/>
nes apponit, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25291
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ſcanſorium, acrouaticon: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25292
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ſpiritale pneumaticon: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25293
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Tractorium uanauſon Græce appellari mo-
<
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/>
net. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25294
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Sunt quinon acrouaticon. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25295
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Sed aerouaticon legant, ſed non animaduerterunt quid Vitr. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25296
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">uelit, quia enim
<
lb
/>
in proœmio dixerat. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25297
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">& </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25298
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ea omnia, quæ ſcenicis moribus per machinationem ad ſpectationes populo compa-
<
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/>
rantur} & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25299
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">hic dicit { ſcanſorium eſſe cum machinæ ita fuerint collocatæ, ut ad altitudinem tignis ſtatutis,
<
lb
/>
& </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25300
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">tranſuerſarijs colligatis ſine periculo ſcandatur ad apparatus ſpectationem } putant Vitruuium intelligere
<
lb
/>
de ſcalis, quibus aſcendebatur ad ſcenæ apparatus faciendos, ſed non uident de quibus ſcalis intelligat in hoc
<
lb
/>
libro. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25301
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Sunt enim bellicæ machinæ ad ſcandendum inſtructæ, e quarum ſummitate tanquam e ſpecula obſi-
<
lb
/>
dentes explorant, quid in urbe ofſeſſi aduerſus ſe parent, quod genus mox dicet non arte, ſed audacia gloriari.
<
lb
/>
</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25302
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">de ijs Valturius agit. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25303
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Spiritale autem multo plura complectitur, quàmquæ Vitr. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25304
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">enumerat. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s25305
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Solas enimhy-
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.364-06
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.364-06a
"
xml:space
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preserve
">60</
note
>
</
s
>
</
p
>
</
div
>
</
div
>
</
text
>
</
echo
>