Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

Table of figures

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              <s xml:id="echoid-s25832" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="342" file="514.01.374" n="374" rhead="LIBER"/>
              num quo quippiam mouetur, uectis latine dicitur,μόχλιον Græce, leuam nos, ſeu ſtangam appellamus, id ue-
                <lb/>
              ro cui uectis inuititur preſſio latine, @μόχλιον Græce nominatur, ſcabellum noſtri dicunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25833" xml:space="preserve">hæc omnia a ſtate-
                <lb/>
              ra ad libram, a libra ad circuli rationem ducuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25834" xml:space="preserve">Obſeruatum eſt partes, quæ a centro plus abſunt, maio-
                <lb/>
              res facere, celerioresq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25835" xml:space="preserve">, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25836" xml:space="preserve">euidentes magis motiones, quàm proximæ; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25837" xml:space="preserve">nam ab immoto magis diſtant, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25838" xml:space="preserve">mi-
                <lb/>
              nus centri natura participes ſunt, quoniam minus impediuntur, ideo in omni organo aut centrum, aut quod pro
                <lb/>
              centro habetur, conſiderare oprotet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25839" xml:space="preserve">In libra igitur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25840" xml:space="preserve">trutina pro centro est punctum illud axiculi, quod
                <lb/>
              per anſam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25841" xml:space="preserve">lingulam, quæ examen eſt, traijcitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25842" xml:space="preserve">locus is centrum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25843" xml:space="preserve">tanquam preßio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25844" xml:space="preserve">hypomochliũ
                <lb/>
              eſt, quoniam ipſi uectis immittitur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25845" xml:space="preserve">in libra brachia, quæ ſcapi dicuntur, pro uectibus habentur, quæ ſunt
                <lb/>
              tanquam lineæ a centro ductæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25846" xml:space="preserve">cum igitur ſcapi, brachia, ſeu radij æqua ſunt magnitudine, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25847" xml:space="preserve">pondere, ſi ſu-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.374-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.374-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              ſpendatur libra, eorum capita æquidiſtant a ſolo, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25848" xml:space="preserve">in nullam partem proclinant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25849" xml:space="preserve">cum uero lancibus ex una
                <lb/>
              parte onus appenditur, ex illa parte deprimitur, citius quoq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25850" xml:space="preserve">deſcendet, etiam minori onere appoſito, quo al-
                <lb/>
              ter ſcaporum longior erit, aut onus a centro magis aberit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25851" xml:space="preserve">Ideo in mechanicis dictum eſt libras eas eſſe cer-
                <lb/>
              tiores, quarum ſcapi ſunt longiores, ideſt citius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25852" xml:space="preserve">minori onere librant, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25853" xml:space="preserve">euidentius onus ostendunt, nam
                <lb/>
              leui qualibet oneris additione mounentur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25854" xml:space="preserve">æquo, uel minoris temporis interuallo plus loci prætereunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25855" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              plus motionis efficiunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25856" xml:space="preserve">Sed hoc ita intelligendum eſt ut cætera paria ſint, hoc eſt materia ſimilis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25857" xml:space="preserve">uniuſ-
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              modi, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25858" xml:space="preserve">per omnes partes æquo pondere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25859" xml:space="preserve">æquabili longitudine conficiatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25860" xml:space="preserve">Radiorum, uel ſcaporum lon-
                <lb/>
              gitudo a medio puncto ſumitur, in quo centrum ſtatuitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25861" xml:space="preserve">Moueantur igitur ſcaporum capita, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25862" xml:space="preserve">alterum eri-
                <lb/>
              gatur, alterum deprimatur, circeinationem quandam deſignare incipient eodem momento, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25863" xml:space="preserve">uterque pariter
                <lb/>
              dimidium circulum efficiet, nam qui ſurſum fertur tetrantem unum abſoluet, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25864" xml:space="preserve">qui deorſum alterum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25865" xml:space="preserve">Quod
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.374-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.374-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              ſi ſcapinon fuerint æque longi, inœ quales etiam erunt eorum rotundationes, ſcapus enim maior ſua extremita-
                <lb/>
              te maiorem circinationem faciet, minor uero minorem, unde conſequetur, ut qui longior fuerit ſcapus eodem
                <lb/>
              tempore uelocius altero moueatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25866" xml:space="preserve">idq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25867" xml:space="preserve">intelligitur de libra, ſiue ſuſpendatur, ſiue fulciatur, ut eſt in diagram
                <lb/>
              mate, Eſt & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25868" xml:space="preserve">aliud libræ genus, quod potius ſemilibra, quam libra dicendum eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25869" xml:space="preserve">Id trutinam uocant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25870" xml:space="preserve">Sta-
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              teram noſtri. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25871" xml:space="preserve">refert autem libræ ſimilitudinem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25872" xml:space="preserve">tutior eſt operis commoditate, nam libra uti non poſſumus
                <lb/>
              niſi paria pondera penſionibus ſemper habeantur, quarum apparatus, at que tractatio eſt magis operoſa, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25873" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              molesta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25874" xml:space="preserve">in stateris autem quicquid appenderis, ſeu magnum, ſeu paruum, unico pondere hoc eſt æquipondio,
                <lb/>
              quod sferoma Grœci, noſtri Marcum appellant, alij Romanum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25875" xml:space="preserve">diſtinctione tamen punctorum examinatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25876" xml:space="preserve">id
                <lb/>
              autem ita ſcapo imponitur, ut modo a centro modo ad centrum moueatur, ut maiora, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25877" xml:space="preserve">minora pondera li-
                <lb/>
              bret, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25878" xml:space="preserve">ui mouenti, reſpondeat, nam uelut fortis manus longiorem trutinæ ſcapum calcat, ſimile facit, onus
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.374-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.374-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              a minori ſcapo, quod ſi lingula uel examen in trutina mutaretur, ex ea plures libras eſſiceremus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25879" xml:space="preserve">multa-
                <lb/>
              rum librarum loco tructina uteremur permutata lingula, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25880" xml:space="preserve">huc, uel illuc translata. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25881" xml:space="preserve">Quanto igitur lingula
                <lb/>
              lanci propinquior eſt (lanx enim catenula eſt cui pondus appenditur,) tanto melius in lance poſitum onus
                <lb/>
              ſubleuatur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25882" xml:space="preserve">quoniam linea, quæ est ab anſa ad œquipondium maior eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25883" xml:space="preserve">Ecce igitur quàm recte libra, trutinaq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25884" xml:space="preserve">ad rationem circuli referantur, uectis quoque eo tendit, quoniam uectis est tanquam libræ ſcapus, preſſio ue-
                <lb/>
              ro tanquam centrum; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25885" xml:space="preserve">onus rei, quæ mouetur, retionem habet, calcantis manus uis est quæ mouet, quoq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25886" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              magis distat uectis extremum a centro cui innititur, tanto facilius ob prœictas rationes mouetur onus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25887" xml:space="preserve">hinc
                <lb/>
              eſt, quod ſi obliongum lignum gembus applices, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25888" xml:space="preserve">extrema eius manibus adducas, facilius frangetur, quo
                <lb/>
              longius a medio manus tenueris. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25889" xml:space="preserve">ſimilis ratio est, ſi pede ligni caput unum premeres, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25890" xml:space="preserve">alterum manibus te-
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              neres. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25891" xml:space="preserve">Item ſi cuneus ligno adigatur ſecuris ictibus, ſacile proſcinderes lignum, cuneus enim duos uectes re-
                <lb/>
              fert, quorum alter ſupra, alter infra ſit poſitus, partes uero ligni tactæ pro centris habentur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25892" xml:space="preserve">hypomo-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.374-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.374-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              chilijs. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25893" xml:space="preserve">uis percutiens motrix est. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25894" xml:space="preserve">pars ligni, quæ a cunei apice eſt, oneris rationem habet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25895" xml:space="preserve">Forcipes quoque
                <lb/>
              qui habent longiores anſas facilius incidunt, aut frangunt res duras ob dictas rationes, ſcapi enim ſunt tan-
                <lb/>
              quam uectes, ideo cum longiores ſunt facilius agunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25896" xml:space="preserve">Denique omnis quœſtios ad machinatiouem pertinens ad
                <lb/>
              has rationes transfertur, quemadmodum conſideranti eſt manifeſtum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25897" xml:space="preserve">Ideo cum ſatis ratiocinati ea de re ſi-
                <lb/>
              mus, Vitruuium ſequemur, qui cum oſtenderit in uecti eſſe porrectam motionem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25898" xml:space="preserve">effectum eius declara-
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              uerit, ad eius rei rationem explicandam progreditur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25899" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25900" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Id</emph>
              autem fit quod breuior prior pars uectis, ab ea preſsione, quod eſt centrum, ſubit ſub onus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25901" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25902" xml:space="preserve">quod longius ab eo centro diſtans caput eius, per id cum ducitur, faciundo motus circinationis
                <lb/>
              cogit preſsionibus examinare paucis manibus oneris maximi pondus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25903" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25904" xml:space="preserve">Porrecta motio indiget circulari, hoc primum in uecte oſtenditur, nam uectis partes ab hypomachlio deſi-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.374-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.374-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              gnant extremitatibus circulos, quemadmodum libræ ſcapi uer ſando faciunt.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25905" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25906" xml:space="preserve">Item ſi ſub onus uectis ferrei lingula ſubiecta fuerit, neque caput eius preſsione in imum, ſed ad-
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              uerſus in altitudinem extolletur lingula fulcta in areæ ſolo habebit eam pro onere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25907" xml:space="preserve">oneris autem ip-
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              ſius angulum pro preſsione; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25908" xml:space="preserve">ita non tam faciliter, quàm per preſsionem, ſed aduerſus nihilominus in
                <lb/>
              pondus oneris erit excitatum.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25909" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25910" xml:space="preserve">Non ſolum uectibus utimur ad extollendum onus calcando eorum extrema preſſione ſubiecta, (ut ſupra
                <lb/>
              dictum eſt) ſed etiam ut impelleamus onus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25911" xml:space="preserve">tunc lingulam, quam manuellam uocamus, quod est alterum
                <lb/>
              ferrati uectis extremum, ſub onere ad terram premimus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25912" xml:space="preserve">alterum caput a nobis propellimus, ita ut oneris
                <lb/>
              punctum in quo nititur uectis, eſt tanquam preſſio, ſeu hypomochlium, terra uero eſt ueluti onus, quanquam
                <lb/>
              uero hoc modo onus impellitur, non tamen tam facile mouetur, ut priori modo, cum caput uectis premi-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.374-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.374-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
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