Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25912" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="343" file="514.01.375" n="375" rhead="DECIMVS."/>
              @ur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25913" xml:space="preserve">non propellitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25914" xml:space="preserve">huius rei deſcriptio inferius erit manifesta.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25915" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25916" xml:space="preserve">Igitur ſi plus lingula uectis ſupra hypomochlium poſita ſub onus ſubierit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25917" xml:space="preserve">caput eius proprius
                <lb/>
              centrum preſsiones habuerit, non poterit onus eleuare, niſi (quemadmodum ſupra ſcriptum eſt,) exa-
                <lb/>
              minatio uectis longius per caput, neque iuxta onus fuerit facta.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25918" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25919" xml:space="preserve">In uecte caput eſt (ut dixi) quod calcatur manibus, eſt & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25920" xml:space="preserve">lingula, ſcilicet, alterum caput, quod oneriſubij-
                <lb/>
              citur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25921" xml:space="preserve">Vectis in duos partitur radios, ſeu ſcapos, alter eſt ab hypomochlio ad caput, alter ab hypomochlio ad
                <lb/>
              lingulam. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25922" xml:space="preserve">Si igitur ab hypomochlio ad lingulam ſcapus erit maior, quam ab hypomochlio ad caput, non
                <lb/>
              ſubleuabit, onus: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25923" xml:space="preserve">ratio eſt, quoniam ſcapus maior lineam maiorem referens, plus a centro diſtat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25924" xml:space="preserve">maio-
                <lb/>
              rem uim minori ſcapo obijcit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25925" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25926" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Id</emph>
              autem ex trutinis, quæ ſtateræ dicuntur, licet conſiderare, cum enim anſa propius caput, un-
                <lb/>
              de lancula pendet, ubi ut centrum eſt collocata, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25927" xml:space="preserve">æquipondium in alteram partem, ſcapi per puncta
                <lb/>
              uagando, quo longius, aut etiam ad extremum perducitur paulo etiam pari pondere, ampliſsimam
                <lb/>
              preſsionem parem perficit, per ſcapi librationem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25928" xml:space="preserve">examinationem longius a centro recedentem,
                <lb/>
              ita imbecillior æquipondij breuitas, maiorem uim ponderis momento deducens, ſine uehementia,
                <lb/>
              molliter ab imo ſurſum uerſum egredi cogit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25929" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25930" xml:space="preserve">Hoc etiam ex ijs, quæ ſupra dicta ſunt intelligitur, cum de statera, ſeu trutina, quid ſit, quasq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25931" xml:space="preserve">partes ha-
                <lb/>
              beat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25932" xml:space="preserve">quid prœſtet, loquebamur, Ariſtorteles in uigeſima quœſtione, quærit, cur trutina paruo æquipondio
                <lb/>
              peringentia onera librant, quanquam omnibus ſua ipſarum forma ſit ad instar libræ dimidiatæ ſiquidem qua
                <lb/>
              parte pondus applicatur ſola duntaxat lancula dependet, altrinſecusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25933" xml:space="preserve">tantum nudus prominet ſcapus? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25934" xml:space="preserve">ſol-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.375-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.375-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              uit autem ſic. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25935" xml:space="preserve">quoniam uſu uenit ſtateræ ut libra ſit pariter, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25936" xml:space="preserve">uectis libra certe quatenus ſingula libra-
                <lb/>
              menta fiunt ſingula centra. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25937" xml:space="preserve">Itaque parte altera lancem habet, altera auero lancis loco pilan ciuſmodi, quæ
                <lb/>
              ſolet libræ idgenus aptari, nec aliter, quàm ſiquis alterum quoque adijciat ſemilibrile, trutinamq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25938" xml:space="preserve">in eo ex-
                <lb/>
              tremo præpendentem affingat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25939" xml:space="preserve">nulli nanque dubium eſt, quin onus in altera liberalis parte poſitum trahat hanc
                <lb/>
              ſublimem, cœterum quo libra una eſſe poſſit perinde ac plures: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25940" xml:space="preserve">libramenta, æquamentaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25941" xml:space="preserve">addita ſunt huiu-
                <lb/>
              ſcemodi libræ complura, de quorum ſingulis, quod æquipondij golobum uerſus eminet, ueliuti ſtater æ dimidium
                <lb/>
              eſt, dimindiumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25942" xml:space="preserve">trutina dependens, quoniam quæ partes utrinque prominent ab anſis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25943" xml:space="preserve">aginis, æquabiliter,
                <lb/>
              ac unà ſe ſe inuicem mouent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25944" xml:space="preserve">Ita ut ne fugiat commenſus rationem, quod pondo ſint, quæ in lancula ponde-
                <lb/>
              rantur, quo ſanè poſſit de cuiuſque libramenti qualitate ac ordine cognoſci, quoties recta fuerit statera, quan-
                <lb/>
              tum oneris ſicut diximus, lanx habeat, atque ſuſtentet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25945" xml:space="preserve">Sic enim (ut dixit Vitruuius) ab iniquitate iustis
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.375-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.375-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              moribus uita uindicatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25946" xml:space="preserve">Denique ut conferam in pauca, hæc libra eſt, quæ quidem habet alteram e lancibus,
                <lb/>
              in qua re uera pondus libratur, alteram uero quandam in ſcapo uicariam illius, cui ſolet æquipondium inijci.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25947" xml:space="preserve">iccirco ſtateræ caput hoc eſt ipſa phalanx altriſecus erit in pilam. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25948" xml:space="preserve">Quoniam autem huiuſmodi formam ob-
                <lb/>
              tinet, instar eſt multarum librarum, totq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25949" xml:space="preserve">quot habet examina. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25950" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum examen illud maius ſemper onus
                <lb/>
              educit, quod lanci propius eſt, ponderiq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25951" xml:space="preserve">librando, propterea quod tota statera fit quaſi uec tis reſupinatus, nã
                <lb/>
              de libramentis unumquodq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25952" xml:space="preserve">deſuper imminens, uice ſungitur preſſionis: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25953" xml:space="preserve">pondus uero, quod ineſt lanculæ tru-
                <lb/>
              tinandum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25954" xml:space="preserve">Sed quanto longior eſt ea pars uectis, quæ cis fulchrum extenditur, tanto facilius, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25955" xml:space="preserve">illic mouet. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25956" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25957" xml:space="preserve">hic efficit æquilibrium, examinatq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25958" xml:space="preserve">id oneris, quod pilæ obijcitur, loco certi ponderis in ſtatera collocatæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25959" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              Centri autem mutationes plures uectes fiunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25960" xml:space="preserve">At non plures duabus trutinis ſtateris appendi ſolent, ideſt non
                <lb/>
              mutatur centrum niſi in duobus locis, cumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25961" xml:space="preserve">ea trutina utimur, quæ eſt lanci proxima, dicimus examen fieri
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.375-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.375-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              craſſiori modo, quoniam ſigna, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25962" xml:space="preserve">puncta, quæ ſunt in ſcapo, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25963" xml:space="preserve">decuſſationes amplioribus fiunt interuallis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25964" xml:space="preserve">Sed quando remotiori centro utimur, dicimus examen fieri ſubtiliori ratione, puncta ſunt uiciniora a in ſcapo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25965" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              Dicitur autem statera, quoniam loco alterius lancis stat æquipondium, quod ſphæroma dicitur ab Aristotele.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25966" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25967" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Qvemadmodvm</emph>
              etiam nauis onerariæ maximæ gubernator anſam gubernaculi tenens quod ӧιξ
                <lb/>
              a Græcis appellatur, una manu momento per centri rationem preſsionibus artis agitans, uerſat eam
                <lb/>
              ampliſsimis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25968" xml:space="preserve">immanibus mercis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25969" xml:space="preserve">penus ponderibus oneratam.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25970" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25971" xml:space="preserve">Quærit Ariſtoteles quæſtione quinta. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25972" xml:space="preserve">Cur gubernaculum & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25973" xml:space="preserve">ſi paruum eſt, at que in poſtremo nauigio po-
                <lb/>
              fitum tantis uiribus pollet, ut puſillo de clauo, ac unius tantum hominis niſu, eoq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25974" xml:space="preserve">ſenſim facto, moueantur
                <lb/>
              nauigiorum immenſæ moles? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25975" xml:space="preserve">ſoluit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25976" xml:space="preserve">Quoniam temo ille uectis eſt, mareq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25977" xml:space="preserve">pondus, ac magister qui mouet.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25978" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum gubernaculum non perinde, ac remus, qua in latitudine patet mare apprehendit, neque enim naui-
                <lb/>
              gium prorſum impellit, uerum apprehenſo mari eſſicit, ut mouendo in latus declinet, quatenus enim mare pon-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.375-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.375-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              dus eſt e diuer ſo obnixum nauigium detorquet: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25979" xml:space="preserve">nam & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25980" xml:space="preserve">uectis fulcrum in contrarium uertitur, mare quidem
                <lb/>
              introrſum, armamentum uero temonis extror ſum: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25981" xml:space="preserve">at id quoque nauigium ſequitur, eo quod ſit ipſi alligatum.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25982" xml:space="preserve">Remus igitur, qui per latitudinem æquoris pondus oppellit, ac item ab eo repellitur, promouet in rectum, gu-
                <lb/>
              bernatulum autem pro ut demiſſitium est, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25983" xml:space="preserve">oblique ſedet, obliquum huc illuc efficit motum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25984" xml:space="preserve">Enimuero in
                <lb/>
              extremo non in medio poſitum eſt, propterea quod facillimum ſit mouneti, mouendum aliquid in poſtremum mo-
                <lb/>
              uere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25985" xml:space="preserve">Prima nanque pars, quàm ocißime fertur, quo circa ſicut in ijs, quæ ui feruntur, motus in fine deficit,
                <lb/>
              ita & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25986" xml:space="preserve">cuiuſcunq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25987" xml:space="preserve">continui, planeq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25988" xml:space="preserve">perpetui corporis motus in extrema parte debiliß imus est: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25989" xml:space="preserve">ſed imbecil-
                <lb/>
              lisfimm quiſque motus loco facillime depelli potest, ergo uel ob hanc cauſam puppigubernaculum aptari con-
                <lb/>
              ſueuit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25990" xml:space="preserve">Ad hæc: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25991" xml:space="preserve">uel minima illie fasta motione longe maius ſpatium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s25992" xml:space="preserve">in extremo intercipitur, propterea
                <lb/>
              quod par angulus multo mariori lineæ directus occurrit, ac tãto magis, quanto maiores ſunt lineæ, quæ angulum
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.375-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.375-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
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