Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

Table of figures

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[131] a b g. concentricum. d. eius centrũ.t z. eccentricum.h. eius centrum.e z. epicyclus.g. eius centrum.d b. & g z. œquales.d z. parallelogrammum.motus {concentrici a d g. \\ epicycli e g z. \\ eccentrici t b z. uet t dg. \\ iugieccentric. a d t. anguli t b z. & e g z. œqua-les ſunt.angulus a d g. œqualis augulis. {adt. \\ adg. f n b a d o k
[132] b k epicyclus.b. centrum eius.h. uigum.n. Antijugum epicycli.k. punctũ primœ morœ.c. mundi centrum.o. punctũ ſecundæ morœ.h l k. arcus primœ mo rœ.k n o. arcus regreſſus-o b k. arcus directio-nis. L K A H B N O C
[133] Porfioni del cerchio che fannoſe s̃teſſe torno dlaTramòntanaTram ontanaSlmiſifudineTramonſangCarro che uoſge infomoalla Framonlana
[134] a b c d f
[135] A. ſectio parabole.B. vestigium. C. parabole.G. ſectio ellipſis.D. ſectio hyperbole.E. vestigium F. hyperbole. a f a f 1 f f f 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 4 5 4 4 5 6 C 5 5 6 F 7 A 6 6 8 7 8 7 7 D 8 9 8 8 9 10 11 10 10 11 11 11 11 b 12 g e d b e h d gf g b 6 7 3 1 2 4 6 8 10c g b E a 11 9 7 3 3 1 d 2 4 6 8 10 e ha f 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 a b c d 9 8 7 6 3 2 1 f b a H d g 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ff 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 g
[136] m q 0 s k h c b s n L I p q s
[137] Il polo.cqiunot.orizonte c e b a f
[138] l n k mcridl. parte delverno E e h a s i 9 8 7 6 5della jtate 4 3 parte g h f x lacato manaco b r c linca del.piano t
[139] Analemmatis figura.MERIDIAN: S. M. MLSLACITREVM.M.MERIDIAN: .S.OMVERTICAV.M..S.. O. M.ORIZON:W. A.STAB:
[140] 11 ſ x d 11 p k 1 2 1 2 3 4 5f 6 r 11 10 9 8 7 n f m 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 1 02 3 4 1g c 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 e 11 10 9 8 7 q b o
[141] 1 3 b x z g 2 5 f p 0 1 4 t I c e o n m r u 6 q i h 8 y d 5
[142] 5 4 b 3 2 7 8 9 10 f 6 5 7 1 11 6 5 7 9 4 4 8 8 N 9 x 12 1 11 2 10 3 9 4 8 5 7 3 39 9 F 6 g 2 2 10 10 o a @ d 1 11 7 6 z 1 11 8 6 7 c 1 12 10 1@ 1 2 1 1 11 11 5 11 2 2 10 21 11 b f @ 8 3 3 9 9 12 1 4 5 g 6 10 8 11 1 9 10 2 2 2 10 5 7 2 z 9 c 8 4 7 5 9 3 10 4 8 8 4 3 7 2 10 7 5 9 3 1 11 12 8 4 11 1 10 2 0 @ d 7 5 9 3 I 8 4 7 5 6 c &
[143] 5 6 7 4 8 3 9 2 10 1 11 4 8 3 9 d d 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 1 1 v n c
[144] 12 1 1 1111 2 2 10 10 3 3 9 9 4 4 8 8 5 5 7 7 6 6 6 T 7 7 5 5 8 8 4 4 9 9 3 3 10 10 2 2 11 11 1 1 12
[145] 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 1 2 3 10 4 5 E 6 6 7
[146] 9 3 4 2 8 10 11 12 1 5 7 6 6 G
[147] 8 9 10 7 6 5 11 1 8 1 11 F
[148] 16 15 17 14 14 18 19 19 13 13 20 20 12 12 21 21 11 11 H 22 22 10 10 23 23 9 9 24 16 16 23 23 17 17 22 22 18 18 21 21 29 20
[149] 19 20 21 18 17 22 23 17 16 18 17 9 15 14 13 11 13 20 16 12 21 17 20 22 21 11 22 10 23 9 18 L 17 18 19
[150] 23 17 22 16 18 9 21 23 19 10 19 20 22 11 21 20 13 19 14 18 15 17 16 K
[151] 17 18 19 20 21 22 16 23 15 14 13 12 11 10 11 12 21 22 10 9 23 M
[152] Q K r n r 12 11 K 2 2 @ 4 p 8 7 e t 8 9 c P 7 4 3 10 7 @ P 5 q P 6 2 8 7 q P t t 11 1 I 1 11 7 q p 2 10 q p 3 9 @ a e b 4 8 2 7 6 5 P 10 6 f P 9 3 8 4 f P 1 f P 11 10 2 a f b e 4 9 3 11 10 2 11 1 11 1 u m 12 15 @ d 12 4 5 m 3 4 5 7 8 9 d @ 2 @ 0 10 2 11 1 a 0 s 7 1 n P p 5 6 7 10 6 6 6 3 4 8 9 7 e 5 5 7 4 5 3 10 11 12 1 2 3 8 9 3 1 e H 23 10 22 24 23 22 15 16 17 18 19 21 13 14 20
[153] Horologia in plano meridiani.6 5 4 3 2 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 u l d 7 4 8 3 9 2 10 b n n n n n 5 4 3 2 1 a c e c y n n n n n p 1 2 3 4 5 n ſ ſ 4 3 2 1 r 4 3 2 1 e 4 3 2 1 B 9 10 11 12 13 14 e H 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 e E g r 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 F g d 23 22 21 20 19 18 18 c g G d f a b e g c 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 f D e 11 10 19 18
[154] Horologia in plano æquinoctialis.d b 5 6 7 4 8 9 3 g f k L @ m 2 10 l 8 1 11 a e b B L 1 f k m h @ z r s 1 n 11 A 2 1 10 12 3 9 11 1 4 8 10 1 2 5 6 7 b d 9 3 8 4 7 5 6 c 6 7 5 8 4 9 3 18 17 16 10 2 16 17 18 19 11 12 1 19 20 14 14 20 21 13 13 21 22 12 12 22 23 11 23 24 24 14 14 23 15 23 22 15 22 16 16 21 17 21 20 19 18 17 18 19 20
[155] 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
[156] Instrumenta è regione poſita ſeruiunt fronti horologij ſequentis, illud uero inſerius eſt immobil-le ad aliud, & aliud ab artiſicio aquæ mouetur.B 270 A 360 stella.p.@ f 180 C 10 hircuſ@ 20 30 40 x cani ſminor* 50 60 70 80 90 C@nis Maior* D
[157] 6 5 7 4 8 3 9 2 10 1 11 12 T R 12 L 11 1 A f C 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 5 6
[Figure 158]
[Figure 159]
[Figure 160]
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            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2754" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="27" file="514.01.059" n="59" rhead="PRIMVS."/>
              ctum, ita molleſcit, utin omne genus formæ faciliter fabricetur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2755" xml:space="preserve">idem cum molle, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2756" xml:space="preserve">candens eſt, ſi
                <lb/>
              refrigeretur, tinctum frigida redureſcit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2757" xml:space="preserve">reſtituitur in antiquam proprietatem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2758" xml:space="preserve">Licet etiam conſi-
                <lb/>
              derare hæc ita eſſe, ex eo, quod æſtate non ſolum in peſtilentibus locis, ſed etiam in ſalubribus omnia
                <lb/>
              corpora, calore ſiant imbecilla, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2759" xml:space="preserve">per hyemem etiam quæ ſunt peſtilentiſsimæ regiones, efficiantur
                <lb/>
              ſalubres: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2760" xml:space="preserve">ideo quod a refrigerationibus ſolidantur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2761" xml:space="preserve">Non minus etiam quod quæ a frigidis regionibus
                <lb/>
              corpora traducuntur in calidas non poſſunt durare, ſed diſſoluuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2762" xml:space="preserve">quæ autem ex calidis locis ſub
                <lb/>
              ſeptentrionum regiones ſrigidas, non modo non laborant immutatione loci ualetudinibus ſed etiam
                <lb/>
              confirmantur, quare cauendum eſſe uidetur in mœnibus collocandis ab ijs regionibus quę caloribus
                <lb/>
              flatus ad corpora hominum poſſunt ſpargere.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2763" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2764" xml:space="preserve">Philoſophatur Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2765" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2766" xml:space="preserve">multis argumentis probat calore, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2767" xml:space="preserve">frigiditate res ipſas immutari, ſumitq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2768" xml:space="preserve">ra-
                <lb/>
              tioncm ab inanimis rebus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2769" xml:space="preserve">ab animatis, quæ omnia facillima ſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2770" xml:space="preserve">Sequitur autem ratio a temper atura cor
                <lb/>
              porum animalium ſumpta; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2771" xml:space="preserve">hinc auium, piſicium, terreſtriumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2772" xml:space="preserve">animalium naturas examinat: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2773" xml:space="preserve">quæ omnia tan-
                <lb/>
              quam Architectus non tanquam Phyſicus percurrit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2774" xml:space="preserve">Inquit autem.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2775" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2776" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Nanqve</emph>
              ex principijs, quæ Græci ςοτχτία appellant, omnia corpora ſunt compoſita, ideſt calo-
                <lb/>
              re & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2777" xml:space="preserve">humore, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2778" xml:space="preserve">terreno, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2779" xml:space="preserve">aere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2780" xml:space="preserve">his mixtionibus naturali temperatura figurantur omnium anima-
                <lb/>
              lium in mundo generatim qualitates. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2781" xml:space="preserve">Ergo in quibus corporibus exuperat è principijs calor, tunc in-
                <lb/>
              terficit, diſſoluitq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2782" xml:space="preserve">cætera feruore. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2783" xml:space="preserve">Hæc autem uitia efficit feruidum ab certis partibus cœlum, cum
                <lb/>
              inſidet in apertas uenas pluſquam patitur è mixtionibus naturali temperatura corpus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2784" xml:space="preserve">Item ſi humor
                <lb/>
              occupauit corporum uenas, imparesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2785" xml:space="preserve">eas fecit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2786" xml:space="preserve">cætera principia, ut a liquido corrupta, diluuntur,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.059-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.059-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2787" xml:space="preserve">diſſoluuntur compoſitionis uirtutes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2788" xml:space="preserve">Item è refrigerationibus humoris uentorum & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2789" xml:space="preserve">aurarum in-
                <lb/>
              funduntur uitia corporibus nón minus aeris, etiamq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2790" xml:space="preserve">terreni in corpore naturalis compoſitio augen-
                <lb/>
              do, aut minuendo infirmat cætera principia, terrena cibi, plenitate, aerea, grauitate cœli. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2791" xml:space="preserve">Sed ſi quis
                <lb/>
              uoluerit diligentius hęc ſenſu percipere, animaduertat, attendatq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2792" xml:space="preserve">naturas auium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2793" xml:space="preserve">piſcium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2794" xml:space="preserve">ter-
                <lb/>
              reſtrium animalium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2795" xml:space="preserve">ita confiderabit diſorimina temperaturæ. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2796" xml:space="preserve">Aliam enim mixtionem habet ge-
                <lb/>
              nus auium, aliam piſcium, longe aliam terreſtrium animalium natura. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2797" xml:space="preserve">Volucres minus habent terre-
                <lb/>
              ni, minus humoris. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2798" xml:space="preserve">caloris temperate, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2799" xml:space="preserve">aeris multum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2800" xml:space="preserve">Igitur leuioribus principijs compoſitæ, fa-
                <lb/>
              cilius in aeris impetum nituntur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2801" xml:space="preserve">Aquatiles autem piſcium naturæ, quod temperatæ ſunt a calido, plu-
                <lb/>
              rimum ex aeris & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2802" xml:space="preserve">terreni ſunt compoſitæ, ſed humoris habent oppido parum, quo minus habent è
                <lb/>
              principijs humoris in corpore, facilius in humore perdurant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2803" xml:space="preserve">Itaque cum ad terram perducuntur,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.059-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.059-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              animam cum aqua relinquunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2804" xml:space="preserve">Item terreſtria, quod è principijs ab aere, caloreq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2805" xml:space="preserve">ſunt temperata mi-
                <lb/>
              nusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2806" xml:space="preserve">habent terreni, plurimumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2807" xml:space="preserve">humoris, quod a bundant humidæ partes, non diu poſſunt in aqua
                <lb/>
              uitam tueri. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2808" xml:space="preserve">Ergo ſi hæc ita uidentur, quemadmodum propoſuimus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2809" xml:space="preserve">ex his principijs animalium
                <lb/>
              corpora compoſita ſenſu percipimus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2810" xml:space="preserve">exuberationibus, aut defectionibus ea laborare diſſoluiq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2811" xml:space="preserve">in-
                <lb/>
              dicauimus, non dubitamus, quin diligentius quæri oporteat uti temperatiſsimas cœli regiones eliga-
                <lb/>
              mus, cum quærenda fuerit in mœnium collocationibus ſalubritas.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2812" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2813" xml:space="preserve">Expedita iam confirmatio est, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2814" xml:space="preserve">argumentatio, in qua ordo mirabilis est uiſus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2815" xml:space="preserve">ſequuntur inditia ſalubri-
                <lb/>
              tatis locorum ſumpta ab obſeruatione maiorum, quam quoque confirmat exemplo naturæ, inquit enim.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2816" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2817" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Itaqve</emph>
              etiam atque etiam ueterum reuocandam cenſeo rationem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2818" xml:space="preserve">Maiores enim è pecoribus im-
                <lb/>
              molatis, quæ paſcebantur in ijs locis, quibus aut oppida, aut caſtra ſtatiua conſtituebantur, inſpicie-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.059-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.059-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              bant iecinora, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2819" xml:space="preserve">ſi erant liuida, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2820" xml:space="preserve">uitioſa prima, talia immolabant, dubitantes
                <unsure/>
              utrum morbo, an pa-
                <lb/>
              bulis læſa eſſent, cum pluribus experti erant, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2821" xml:space="preserve">probauerant integram, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2822" xml:space="preserve">ſolidam naturam iecino-
                <lb/>
              rum ex aqua, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2823" xml:space="preserve">pabulo, ibi conſtituebant munitiones. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2824" xml:space="preserve">Si autem uitioſa inueniebant, inditio tranſ-
                <lb/>
              ferebant idem in humanis corporibus peſtilentem ſuturam naſcentem in ijs locis aquæ, cibiq́: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2825" xml:space="preserve">copiã,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2826" xml:space="preserve">ita tranſmigrabant & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2827" xml:space="preserve">mutabant regiones, quærentes omnibus rebus ſalubritatem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2828" xml:space="preserve">Hæc autem fieri
                <lb/>
              uti pabulo ciboq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2829" xml:space="preserve">ſalubres proprietates terræ uideantur, licet animaduertere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2830" xml:space="preserve">cognoſcere ex agris
                <lb/>
              Cretenſium, qui ſunt circa Pothereum flumen, quod eſt Cretæ inter duas ciuitates Gnoſon, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2831" xml:space="preserve">Gor-
                <lb/>
              tynam. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2832" xml:space="preserve">Dextra enim, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2833" xml:space="preserve">ſiniſtra eius fluminis paſcuntur pecora, ſed ex ijs, quæ paſcuntur proxime
                <lb/>
              Gnoſon, ſplenem habent: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2834" xml:space="preserve">quæ autem ex altera parte proxime Gortynam, non habent apparentem
                <lb/>
              ſplenem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2835" xml:space="preserve">Vnde etiam medici quærentes de ea re, inuenerunt in ijs locis herbam, quam pecora ro-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.059-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.059-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              dendo, imminuerant lienes, ita eam herbam colligendo curant lienoſos hoc medicamento, quod
                <lb/>
              ctiam ἄ{στι}λ{ηυου} Cretenſes uocitant.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2836" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2837" xml:space="preserve">Ex cibo atque aqua proprietates locorum natura peſtilentes, aut ſalubres eſſe ex ueterum obſeruatione
                <lb/>
              probat Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2838" xml:space="preserve">Inſpiciebant ueteres in animalium iecinora cum ſalubritatem loci explorare uolebant, quando
                <lb/>
              autem ſtatiua castra obſidendis hoſtibus ponere, aut oppida uellent munire, inuentis iecinoribus illæſis ſatis
                <lb/>
              certum habere inditium ſalubritatis aeris putabant, atque ut iecinora ex pabulis, it a pabula ex aeris ſalubri-
                <lb/>
              tate conſiderabant; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2839" xml:space="preserve">maximam autem eſſe pabulorum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2840" xml:space="preserve">aquæ uim naturali exemplo comprobat, ut ſatis
                <lb/>
              patet exemplo, è quibuſdam locis Cretæ deſumpto. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2841" xml:space="preserve">Aſplenium herba eſt vermi Scolopendræ quàm ſimilli-
                <lb/>
              ma, lienoſos ea curari dicit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2842" xml:space="preserve">minuit enim lienis tumorem, immo & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2843" xml:space="preserve">naturalem lienis magnitudinem ad eam
                <lb/>
              paruitatem deducit, ut oues, quæ eas in pabulis frequenter ſumant, liene carere uideantur, tanta uis est in
                <lb/>
              pabulo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2844" xml:space="preserve">quis uero dubit at quin ex a quis etiam argumenta uera non ſumantur? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s2845" xml:space="preserve">Hoc quoque tempore Vitru-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.059-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.059-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
            </p>
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