Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

Table of figures

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[91] A. Templum diui Marci.B. Turris diui Marci.C. Duæ columne.D. Forum diui ’Marci.E. D. Geminianus.F. D. Moyſes.G. D. Baſſus.H. D. Theodorus.I. D. Zacharias.K. D. Ioan. embracora.L. D. Martinus.M. D. Dominicus.N. D. Antonius.O. D. Petrus.P. D. Daniel.Q. D. Donatus.R. Dogana.S. Nauale.T. D. Cœleſtis.V. D. Franciſcus.X. D. Io. & Paulus.Y. D. Laurentius.Z. D. Seuerus.a. D. Marina.b. D. Cantianus.c. D. Apoſtoli.d. Crucigeri.e. D. Sophia.f. D. Maria ab hortis.g. D. Iob.h. S. Crux.i. D. Margarita.k. Magna domus Franciſcanorum.l. D. Paulus.m. D. Auguſtinus.n. D. Agatha.o. D. Maria mater domini.p. D. Caßiani.q. D. Matthia.r. D. Iacobus in riuo alto.ΔΔΔ. Magnus canalis.ſ. Forum riui alti.t. Pons riui alti.@. D. Maria Iubanica.x. D. Stephanus.y. Templum charitatis.Z. D. Gregorius. TRAMONTANAPONENTELEVANTE
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[92] B G F M A H I N E C D
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[93] A. tetrastylon cauum ædium.F. cellæ F A FF A F
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[94] B. Tuſcanicum cauum ædium.E. cellæ.D. interpenſiua. E B E
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[95] D D E B E
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[96] C. diſpluuiatum.G. cellæ. G C G
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[97] G C G
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[98] D. cauædium teſtudinatum.M. cellæ.P. lumen. M D MM D P M
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[99] O. cauum ædium.P. alæ.Q. uiridaria.T. ueſtibulum.Z. baſilica.r. tablinum. Z Y Q Q O Q Q T
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[Figure 100]
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[Figure 101]
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[102] FRONTE.
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[103] A
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[104] Græcorum ædes earumq́; partium diſpoſitiones.A. peristylium amplum.E. peristylium primum.C. aditus amplus.D. aditus ab uno ad aliudperiſtylium.E. proſtas ubi eraut duæ antæ.F. G. Antithalamus.H. I. gynæconitides.K. cu-bicuUmdiebria.L. S. oeci,& bibliotecæ,& ubi ſunt pictores.M. R. pinacotbecæ.N. cyzicena triclinia.O. porticus ad ſeptentrionem.P. cellæ hostiariæ.Q. oeci quadrati.T. V. porticus ad triclinia cizcena.X. hypæthra loca.r. oeci magni ubi matres familiarũ cum lanificijs habent ſeſſiones.Z. hoſpitalia.1. thirorium.2. Equilia.3. cubicula.4. meſaulæ & andronæ.5. triclinia quo-tidiana.6. posthalamus.7. thalamus.8. porticus Rhodiaca altior. T QVNMRN8SALKICHXYYFEG76B543O32P21
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[105] Pauimentorum genera.Filandri.Anticum.
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[106] c d f b c 8
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[107] CHOROBATES.2 I 3 2
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[108] d 10 10 a d 50 50 50 c 50 ba s d s 7 {1/14} 25 s b ce 8 8 10 84 f hm 5 43 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 53 5 4
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[109] Figura ex meſolabio Architæ ad inueniendas medias.c t @ @ q p o n m l k l h g f p e o ξ v M @ k I o h j ε δ r B d s R q P o N M L K I H G F E L x c 6 N ς ε ξ γ B a
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[110] Veſtigium meſolabij Architæ.
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[111] Orthographia meſolabij Architæ.
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[112] Demonſtratio Eratoſtbenis. a g t cb f b d
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[113] Instrumentum Eratoſthenis. m a x g n b c n i o l v q p b e f k d
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[114] Vſ{us} demonſtratio Eratoſtbenis cum inſtrumento. a h n ek l i o d b 8 m c 4
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[115] Inſtrumentum Platonis. f i n o m
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[116] cubus. 8 8 64 8 8 8 8 512 8s e
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[117] Demonstratio Archita. p l k b o i m b e d af
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[118] Demonctration Platonis. d e b c g
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[119] Demostratio ter tiæ proprietatis, & aſſumptionis Nicomedis.instrumentum Nicomedis. f h d g b s n m k a
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[120] Duplicatio cubi. e a b c d f g
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div123" type="section" level="2" n="44">
            <pb o="31" file="514.01.063" n="63" rhead="PRIMVS."/>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3123" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Item</emph>
              turres ſunt proijciendæ in exteriorem partem, uti cum ad murum hoſtis impetu uelitappro
                <lb/>
              pinquare, a turribus dextra, ac ſiniſtra lateribus appertis telis uulneretus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3124" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3125" xml:space="preserve">Turrium efficiendarum finis eſt murumtueri, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3126" xml:space="preserve">tanquàm alateribus cortinam (ut aiunt Itali) defende-
                <lb/>
              re: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3127" xml:space="preserve">hac de cauſa in exteriorem partemproijciendæſunt, ut cum hoſtis ad murum acceſſit, inter duasturres
                <lb/>
              utrinque uulneretur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3128" xml:space="preserve">læſus amuris recedat.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3129" xml:space="preserve">#Turrium uſum noſtris temporibus nullum habemus, niſi forte
                <lb/>
              appellatione Turrium, propugnacula illa uocemus, quæ Baloardos Itali uocant, de quibus aliàs dicemus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3130" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3131" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Cvrandvamqve</emph>
              maxime uidetur, ut non facilis ſit aditus ad oppugnandũ murũ: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3132" xml:space="preserve">ſed ita circumdã-
                <lb/>
              dum ad locapræcipitia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3133" xml:space="preserve">excogitandum, uti portarum itinera non ſint directa. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3134" xml:space="preserve">ſed σμαία. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3135" xml:space="preserve">Nanque cũ
                <lb/>
              ita factum ſuerit, tunc dextrum latus accedentibus, quod fcuto non erit tectum, proximũ erit muro.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3136" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3137" xml:space="preserve">Non ſolum turres impedire hoſtium acceſſum ad murum debent, ſed etiam reliqua, quæ adid proſunt, ac-
                <lb/>
              commodari, quemadmodum ſunt loca præcipitia, portarumq́ ſitus ita d ſpoſitus, ut qui ad eas acceſſurus ſit
                <lb/>
              hoſtis, dextrum latus, quod ſcuto non tegitur, expoſitum habeat uulneribus, iaculorumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3138" xml:space="preserve">miſſionibus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3139" xml:space="preserve">Por
                <lb/>
              tarum uſus est, ut commode importari & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3140" xml:space="preserve">exportarires queant tum quæ ad uictum, tum quæ ad defcnſionem ſunt
                <lb/>
              neceſſariæ, item ut exire, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3141" xml:space="preserve">ingredi queant iumenta, hominesq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3142" xml:space="preserve">: ſed quia quandoque hoſtes cum ciuibusper-
                <lb/>
              mixti ingredi poſſunt, maxime curandum est, ut quam tutiſſimo loco collocentur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3143" xml:space="preserve">#Ipſa quoque ſpeciem ali-
                <lb/>
              quam propugnaculi habere debent, ut & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3144" xml:space="preserve">ſe, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3145" xml:space="preserve">murum defendant, non tamen ita munitæ eſſe debent parte
                <lb/>
              interiori quemadmodũ turres, ne forte cuſtodes proditionem moliẽtes in portis, tanquàm oppidis ſe ſe contineant
                <lb/>
              dum præſidium ab hostibus expectant.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3146" xml:space="preserve">#Retardatur etiam impetus equitum, peditumq́ cum non directo curſu
                <lb/>
              ad eas accedere liceat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3147" xml:space="preserve">Sumptus uerò impenſasq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3148" xml:space="preserve">quas his temporibus in extruendis portis facere ſolent, certe
                <lb/>
              non laudo, namſæpe fit ut pulchritudini potius, quàm munitionibus ſtudeant, cum earum aſpectus rudis eſſe
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.063-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.063-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              debeat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3149" xml:space="preserve">auſteritatem quandam præferre.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3150" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3151" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Collocanda</emph>
              ſunt oppida, non quadrata, nec procurrentibus angulis, ſed circuitionibus, uti
                <lb/>
              hoſtis ex pluribus locis conſpiciatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3152" xml:space="preserve">In quibus enim anguli procurrunt, difficiliter defenditur, quod
                <lb/>
              angulus magis hoſtem tuetur, quàm ciuem.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3153" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3154" xml:space="preserve">De forma oppidorum nunc agit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3155" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3156" xml:space="preserve">uidetur tacite quodammodo formam orbicularem uel ſinuoſam
                <lb/>
              probare, ab Etymologia nominis.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3157" xml:space="preserve">#Nam ſi oppidum a danda ope dicitur, certe curandum eſt, ut ea forma ſit fa
                <lb/>
              ctum, quæ nocere hoſtibus, prodeſſe ciuibus maxime poſſit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3158" xml:space="preserve">#Procurrentes anguli id habent#incommodi, ut
                <lb/>
              qui muros defendit, utrinque ab hoſtibus telis impeti poſſit, circuitiones uidentur hoſtes#concludere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3159" xml:space="preserve">obſi-
                <lb/>
              dere, tum quia ex pluribus partibus conſpici poſſunt, tum quia in obſidendis urbibus ſinuoſis oppidorum ftexi-
                <lb/>
              bus intercluduntur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3160" xml:space="preserve">#Cæterum hæc ratio Vitruuianis temporibus forte melius, quàm noſtris accommodanda
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.063-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.063-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              eſt, nam aliaratione angulos procurrentes noſtri homines quærunt, quemadmodum paulo poſt dicam.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3161" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3162" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Crassitvdinem</emph>
              autem muri ita faciendam cenſeo, uti armati homines ſupra obuiam uenien-
                <lb/>
              tes alius alium ſine impeditione præterire poſsint.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3163" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3164" xml:space="preserve">De murorum craſſitudine (ut nihil deſideretur) aperte loquitur, in quare uidendum eſt, ne nimis extra
                <lb/>
              rationem craſſi hodie muri fiant, cum minus craſſi magis tuti, melius ſtructi eſſe poſſunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3165" xml:space="preserve">inquit Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3166" xml:space="preserve">{ Craſ
                <lb/>
              ſitudinem muri ita faciendam, ut armati homines ſine impedimento ſibi obuiam uenientes#prætereant: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3167" xml:space="preserve">} & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3168" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              quoniam ſumptui parcendum eſt, quantum fieri poteſt, ideo docet quaratione craſſos & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3169" xml:space="preserve">durabiles muros im-
                <lb/>
              penſa minor efficiamus, inquicens.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3170" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3171" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Tvm</emph>
              in craſsitudine eius perpetuæ taleæ oleagineæ uſtulatæ quàm creberrime. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3172" xml:space="preserve">Inſtuantur uti utræ
                <lb/>
              que muri frontes inter ſe (quemadmodum fibulis) his taleis colligatæ æternam habeant firmitatem.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3173" xml:space="preserve">
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.063-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.063-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              Nanque ei materiæ nec tempeſtas, nec caries, nec uetuſtas poteſt nocere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3174" xml:space="preserve">Sed ea & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3175" xml:space="preserve">in terra obruta,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3176" xml:space="preserve">in aqua collocata permanet ſine uitijs tilis ſempiterno.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3177" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3178" xml:space="preserve">Erigebant antiqui duas frontes muri, alteram in exteriorem, alteram in interiorem partem#proſpicientem
                <lb/>
              (bac enim de cauſa frontes appellantur) inter utraſq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3179" xml:space="preserve">erat inter st
                <unsure/>
              itium pedum 20. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3180" xml:space="preserve">colligabantur#autem bu-
                <lb/>
              inſmodi#frontes taleis#oleagineis#uſtulatis, tanquàm clauibus, quibus pectinatim diſpoſitis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3181" xml:space="preserve">inter ſe
                <lb/>
              quemadmodum ſerræ dentes reuinctis, utrunque murum firmiter contineb atur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3182" xml:space="preserve">Cuius reitanta utilitas & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3183" xml:space="preserve">fir-
                <lb/>
              mitas erat, ut Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3184" xml:space="preserve">in fundamentis quoque eadem ratione id faciendum eſſe cenſeat, dicit itaqne.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3185" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3186" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Itaqve</emph>
              non ſolum in muro, ſed etiam in ſubſtructionibus quiq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3187" xml:space="preserve">parietes murali craſsitudine
                <lb/>
              erunt faciendi, hac ratione religati non cito uitiabuntur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3188" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3189" xml:space="preserve">Etratio eſt quia ei materiæ nec uentorum imbriumq́ uis, nec caris, nec humor, nec ſiccitas nocere poteſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3190" xml:space="preserve">
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.063-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.063-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              {Quique parietes murali craſſitudine.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3191" xml:space="preserve">} Non ſolum oppidorũ muricraſſitudinem habent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3192" xml:space="preserve">ſed interdum parie
                <lb/>
              tes aliqui ſunt ædificiorum, qui muralem craſſitudinem quærunt, moles enim ingentes, uel templorum, uel
                <lb/>
              theatrorum, uel arcium craſſos parietes tanquàm muros interdum#requirunt, in quibus conſtruendis ratio ea
                <lb/>
              dem ſeruanda est.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3193" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3194" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Intervalla</emph>
              autem turrium ita ſunt facienda ut ne longius ſit alia ab alia ſagittæ emiſsione, uti ſi
                <lb/>
              qua oppugnetur tum a turribus, quæ erunt dextra, æ ſiniſtra, ſcorpionibus, reliqùisq́ telorum miſ-
                <lb/>
              ſionibus hoſtes reijciantur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3195" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3196" xml:space="preserve">Turres non modo murum tueri, ſed ſe ipſas quoque inuicem defendere debent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3197" xml:space="preserve">quare de interuallis turrium
                <lb/>
              agere oportet: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3198" xml:space="preserve">præceptum it aque ut est ne ultratelorum emiſſionem turres inter ſe distent, quod & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3199" xml:space="preserve">noſtris
                <lb/>
              temporibus obſeruandum est, quemadmodum infra dicitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3200" xml:space="preserve">Interim uniuer ſam rationem antiquorũ exequamur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3201" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
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    </echo>
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