Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

Table of figures

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[171] A. aqua in arca œrea depreſſa.B. delſines ærei.C. modioli.D. Regulæ ſcalari forma.E. taxilli tribus digitis alti.F. catenæ cymbala tenentes.G. inſundibulum inuerſum.H. Fiſtulæ, per quas aer modiolorum ſubintrat infundibulum.I. uectes.K. manubria, quæ aperiunt nares ad tubulos.L. pinnæ ſub quibus lingulæ omnium organorum.O. regulæ inter tabulam quæ pinax dicitur & registrum.P. pinna depreſſa.Q. tabula.R. pinnarum forma ſeparata.S. lingulæ.T. ceruicula.V. aquaexpulſa.X. pars arcæ..... foraminaper quæ aer ad canna, fertur.
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div123" type="section" level="2" n="44">
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3408" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="38" file="514.01.070" n="70" rhead="LIBER"/>
              pe muros conantes ſcalas admouer infoſſa feriantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3409" xml:space="preserve">Foſſas amplas laudant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3410" xml:space="preserve">uerum an ſiccæ, an aqua plenæ eſ
                <lb/>
              ſe debeant, aliqui dubitant, tutas enim abigne dicunt eſse aquoſas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3411" xml:space="preserve">impedire acceſſum ad muros. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3412" xml:space="preserve">Contraue-
                <lb/>
              ro ſiccas affirmant commodas eſſe, ut ciues armati exeant ex improuiſo in hoſtes, ſortias appellant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3413" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum
                <lb/>
              aquoſæ, uel emanantes aquas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3414" xml:space="preserve">uiuas habent, uel aliunde profluentes, Viuæ, quæ ſunt tanquàm ibinaſcentes,
                <lb/>
              ab hoſtibus non poſſunt impediri, immo ſæpius hydraulicis, machinisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3415" xml:space="preserve">tam late diffunduntur, ut quàm longiſsi-
                <lb/>
              me hoſtes arceant, uel etiam lædant, obſeſſionesq́ diſſoluant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3416" xml:space="preserve">profluentes aquæ ſi profundæ ſunt, ſubmergunt, ſi
                <lb/>
              paruæimpediunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3417" xml:space="preserve">nocent autem aquæ omnes murorum fundamentis, niſi diligentiſsime caueatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3418" xml:space="preserve">Solent exal-
                <lb/>
              tera foſſæ parte murulumm, quem contraſcarpam nominant, construere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3419" xml:space="preserve">tum ut terrenum onus foſſæ imminens ſu-
                <lb/>
              stineatur, tum ut receſſus hotium impediatur, non enim facilis est
                <unsure/>
              aſcenſus retrocedenti hoſti, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3420" xml:space="preserve">foſſam egredi
                <lb/>
              uolenti, hæc atque alia hiuſmodi conſideranda ſunt muros munire uolentibus, de quibus copioſiſſime alios ex-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.070-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.070-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              cellentes uiros pertractre audio, quorum iudicio & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3421" xml:space="preserve">experientiæ experientiæ multum deferri oportere cenſeo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3422" xml:space="preserve">Propugna
                <lb/>
              culi uero deſcriptio est infra poſita.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3423" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div138" type="section" level="2" n="45">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head46" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De diuiſione operum, quæ intra muros ſunt, & eorum diſpoſi-
              <lb/>
            tione, ut uentorum noxy flatus uitentur. # Cap. VI.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3424" xml:space="preserve">MOenibus circundatis, ſequuntur intra murum arearum iduiſiones. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3425" xml:space="preserve">platearumq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3426" xml:space="preserve">, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3427" xml:space="preserve">angi-
                <lb/>
              portuum ad cœli regionem directiones.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3428" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3429" xml:space="preserve">Supra capite huius libri tertio Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3430" xml:space="preserve">dixit, ubi de publicorum operum dist
                <unsure/>
              ributionibus locu-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.070-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.070-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              tus est.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3431" xml:space="preserve">#Hæc autem ita fieri debent, ut habeatur ratio firmitatis, utilitatis, uenuſtatis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3432" xml:space="preserve">Fir-
                <lb/>
              mitatis erit ratio habita, cum fuerit fundamentorum ad ſoidum depreſſio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3433" xml:space="preserve">ex quaque materia copiarum
                <lb/>
              ſine auaritia diligens electio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3434" xml:space="preserve">ac de ſirmitate loquutus eſt capite ſuperiori. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3435" xml:space="preserve">post
                <unsure/>
              ea inquit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3436" xml:space="preserve">Vitilitatis autem
                <lb/>
              emendata, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3437" xml:space="preserve">ſine impeditione uſu locorum diſpoſitio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3438" xml:space="preserve">ad regiones ſui cuiusque generis apta, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3439" xml:space="preserve">commo-
                <lb/>
              da diſtributio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3440" xml:space="preserve">Hoc igitur capite utilitatem exequitur, diuiditq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3441" xml:space="preserve">opera, quæ intra muros ſunt; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3442" xml:space="preserve">nam de utili-
                <lb/>
              tate uniuerſali capite quarto, ubi egit de locorum ſalubritate, multa ſatis diſſeruit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3443" xml:space="preserve">De venuſtate autem,
                <lb/>
              quæ ſpecies operis grata, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3444" xml:space="preserve">elegans, membrorumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3445" xml:space="preserve">commenſusinſtas habens ſymmetriarum rationes, pa-
                <lb/>
              rum quid in mœnibus circumdandis est dictum, atque id propterea factum eſt, ut intelligamus muros, propu-
                <lb/>
              gnacula, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3446" xml:space="preserve">huiuſmodi opera, quæ ad edfenſionem pertinent, ſeueritatem potius quandam quàm pulchritu-
                <lb/>
              dinem præſeferre debere, in quare animaduertenda eſt noſtrarum hominum ignorans diligentia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3447" xml:space="preserve">inutilis in
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.070-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.070-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              muris, portis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3448" xml:space="preserve">propugnaculis construcendis ſumptuum effuſio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3449" xml:space="preserve">Cæ terum ſtudioſiſsime in reliquis uemuſtas
                <lb/>
              quæitur a Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3450" xml:space="preserve">ut patet cum ad ea opera peruenis, quæ ad religionem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3451" xml:space="preserve">opportunitatem ſpectant, in qui-
                <lb/>
              bus etiam & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3452" xml:space="preserve">firmitatis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3453" xml:space="preserve">utilitatis ratio non negligitur, quod pater intertio, quarto, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3454" xml:space="preserve">quinto libro. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3455" xml:space="preserve">Simi-
                <lb/>
              li forma in priuatis etiam ædificiorum rationibus ofſeruatur, ut est manifeſtum ſexto libro, ac demum paſ-
                <lb/>
              ſim firmit as, utilitas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3456" xml:space="preserve">uenuſtas exigitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3457" xml:space="preserve">Hoc igitur caput ad utilitatem ſpectat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3458" xml:space="preserve">ad diſpoſitionem ope-
                <lb/>
              rum, quæ intra muros finun:</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3459" xml:space="preserve">, ut uentorum noxij flatus uitentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3460" xml:space="preserve">Nam eſt aliud diſppſitionis genus, quod ad
                <lb/>
              decorum pertinet, de quo ſequenti capite dicetur, ubi agitur de electione locorum ad uſum communem ciuita-
                <lb/>
              tis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3461" xml:space="preserve">immo est ipſa uera diſpoſitio, quæ est rerum apta collocatio, elegansq́ in compoſitionibus effectus operis
                <lb/>
              cum qualitate. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3462" xml:space="preserve">Quod igitur pertinet ad præſens inſtitutum eſt, quod Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3463" xml:space="preserve">partitur opera, quæ intra muros
                <lb/>
              fiunt, ut utilitatis rationem habeat, quærit enim qua ratione areæ, plateæ, uici, dirigantur, ut noxij uento-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.070-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.070-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              rum flatus uitari poſsint. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3464" xml:space="preserve">qua occaſione ductus de uentis eorumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3465" xml:space="preserve">ui, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3466" xml:space="preserve">natura loquitur, ac primum diffinit
                <lb/>
              uentum, mox unde naſcatur exemplis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3467" xml:space="preserve">ratione oſtendit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3468" xml:space="preserve">inde uentorum effectus in corporibus expoinit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3469" xml:space="preserve">Vi-
                <lb/>
              tiaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3470" xml:space="preserve">enumerat quæ cum difficultate curantur in regionibus uentis expoſitis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3471" xml:space="preserve">Ac demum de numero, nomi-
                <lb/>
              nibusq́ uentorum multa dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3472" xml:space="preserve">Docetq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3473" xml:space="preserve">qua ratione regiones uentorum explorentur, quomodo meridies in-
                <lb/>
              ueſtigetur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3474" xml:space="preserve">quod primum intendebat, quomodo dirigantur plateæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3475" xml:space="preserve">uiæ, ut uentos noxios arceamus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3476" xml:space="preserve">Nos
                <lb/>
              ſingula ordine declarabimus, inquit igitur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3477" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3478" xml:space="preserve">Mœnibus circumdatis ſequuntnr intra muram arearum diuiſiones, platearumq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3479" xml:space="preserve">, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3480" xml:space="preserve">angiportuum
                <lb/>
              ad cœli regionem directiones.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3481" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3482" xml:space="preserve">Angiportus uicus eſt, uel uici caput angustum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3483" xml:space="preserve">Vulpianus portum apellat, concluſum locum quo im-
                <lb/>
              portantur merces, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3484" xml:space="preserve">inde exportantur, eqq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3485" xml:space="preserve">nibilominus ſtatio est concluſa, atque munita, inde angipor-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.070-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.070-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              tum dictum est.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3486" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3487" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Dirigentvr</emph>
              autem hæe rectè, ſiexcluſi erunt ex angiportis uenti prudenter, qui ſi frigidi ſunt,
                <lb/>
              lædunt, ſi calidi, uitiant, ſi humidi nocent.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3488" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3489" xml:space="preserve">Nocent humidi, intus enim eorum humiditas est nocumento, calidi uitiant, corrumpunt enim & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3490" xml:space="preserve">deſtruunt,
                <lb/>
              frigidi uero lædunt, extra enim frigus corpora lædit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3491" xml:space="preserve">recte igitur uſus eſt his tribus uerbis Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3492" xml:space="preserve">læe-
                <lb/>
              re, uitiare, nocere.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3493" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3494" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Qvare</emph>
              uitandum uidetur hoc uitium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3495" xml:space="preserve">aduertendum ne fiat, quod in multis ciuitatibus uſu
                <lb/>
              ſolet uenire.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3496" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3497" xml:space="preserve">Quis non fugiet aduerſa? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3498" xml:space="preserve">etiam ſine præcepto? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3499" xml:space="preserve">ſed quia multi ignorant quod nocet, lædit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3500" xml:space="preserve">uitiat, ideo
                <lb/>
              præcipitur, ut ea uitia noſcamus, ut poſtea fugiamus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3501" xml:space="preserve">Noſcuntur autem ex effectibus, unde dicit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3502" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
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