Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div1" type="section" level="1" n="1">
          <div xml:id="echoid-div542" type="section" level="2" n="93">
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15614" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="209" file="514.01.241" n="241" rhead="SEXTVS."/>
              refringuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15615" xml:space="preserve">Cumergoabnatura rerumhæc ita fint in mundo collocata, ut omnes nationes im-
                <lb/>
              moderatis mixtionibus ſint diſparatæ, placuit,utinter ſpatia totius orbis terrarum, regionumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15616" xml:space="preserve">me-
                <lb/>
              dio mundi populus Romanus poſsideret ſines. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15617" xml:space="preserve">Nanque temperatifsimæ ad utranque partem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15618" xml:space="preserve">corpo
                <lb/>
              rum membris, animorumq́ uigoribus pro fortitudine ſunt in Italia gentes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15619" xml:space="preserve">Quemadmodum enim Io-
                <lb/>
              uis ftella inter Martis feruentiſsimam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15620" xml:space="preserve">Saturnni frigidifsimam media currens temperatur, eadem ra-
                <lb/>
              tione Italia inter ſeptentrionalem, meridianamq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15621" xml:space="preserve">ab utraque parte mixtionibus temperatas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15622" xml:space="preserve">inui-
                <lb/>
              ctas habet laudes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15623" xml:space="preserve">Iraque conſilijs refringit barbarorum uires, forti manu meridianorum cogita-
                <lb/>
              tiones. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15624" xml:space="preserve">Ita diuina mens ciuitatem populi Romani egregia temperataq́ regione collocauit, uti orbis
                <lb/>
              terrarum imperio potiretur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15625" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15626" xml:space="preserve">Italiam mediam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15627" xml:space="preserve">temperatam ponit Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15628" xml:space="preserve">in Italia urbem Romam conſilio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15629" xml:space="preserve">uiribus ualere dicit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15630" xml:space="preserve">Quis autem non & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15631" xml:space="preserve">Venetam urbem hac ratione commendarit, cum cardo illi ſublimis ſit medio quadrante,
                <lb/>
              ideſt gradu 45. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15632" xml:space="preserve">Romæ uero
                <emph style="super">4</emph>
              Sed ſatis bæc dicta ſint. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15633" xml:space="preserve">concludit Vitruuius.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15634" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15635" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Qvod</emph>
              ſi ita eft, uti diſsimiles regiones ab inclinationibus cœli, uarijs generibus fint comparatæ,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15636" xml:space="preserve">ut etiam naturæ gentium diſparibus animis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15637" xml:space="preserve">corporum figuris, qualitatibusq́ naſcerentur, non
                <lb/>
              dubitamus ædiſiciorum quoque rationes ad nationum, gentiumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15638" xml:space="preserve">proprietatesaptè diftribui debere,
                <lb/>
              cum habeamus ab ipſa rerum natura ſolertem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15639" xml:space="preserve">expeditam monftrationem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15640" xml:space="preserve">Quo ad potui fumma
                <lb/>
              ratione proprietates locorum ab natura rerum diſpofitas animaduercere, expoſui, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15641" xml:space="preserve">quemadmodum
                <lb/>
              ad Solis curſum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15642" xml:space="preserve">inclinationes cœli, oporteat ad gentium figuras conſtituere ædificiorum qualita-
                <lb/>
              tes, dixi. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15643" xml:space="preserve">Itaque nunc ſingulorum generum in ædificijs commenſus fymmetriarum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15644" xml:space="preserve">uniuerſos, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15645" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              feparatos brcuiter explicabo.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15646" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div553" type="section" level="2" n="94">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head101" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De ædificiorum priuatorum proportionibus, & men-ſuris. cap II</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15647" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">NVlla</emph>
              Architecto maior cura effe debet, niſi uti proportionibus ratæ partis habeant ædi-
                <lb/>
              ficia rationum exactiones. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15648" xml:space="preserve">Cum ergo conftituta ſymmetriarum ratio fuerit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15649" xml:space="preserve">commen-
                <lb/>
              fus ratiocinationibus explicati, tunc etiam acuminis eft proprium prouideread naturam
                <lb/>
              loci, aut uſum,aut ſpeciem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15650" xml:space="preserve">detractionibus, uel adiectionibus temperaturas efficere,
                <lb/>
              uti cum de ſymmetria ſit detractum,autadiectum, id uideatur recte effe formatum, fic ut in aſpectu
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.241-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.241-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              nihil deſideretur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15651" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15652" xml:space="preserve">Quæprimo uolumine capite#ſecundo ſunt dicta ,eaferè omnia boc loco repetuntur, idq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15653" xml:space="preserve">ratione factum
                <lb/>
              ostenditur, ex eo quod certum eſt, Arcbitectum debere easdem ideas ,ſpeciesq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15654" xml:space="preserve">in priuatis ædificijs habere,
                <lb/>
              quas habet in publicis; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15655" xml:space="preserve">unde ordo, diſpoſitio, decor, euritbmia ,distributio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15656" xml:space="preserve">ſymmetria proponenda est
                <lb/>
              ſemper in omnibus operibus tampublicis, quàm priuatis ,tam ijs, quæ ad ædificationem ,quàm ijs, quæ ad
                <lb/>
              gnomonicem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15657" xml:space="preserve">machinationem pertinent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15658" xml:space="preserve">Symmetria primum eſt Architecto quærenda, hoc enim eſt pro-
                <lb/>
              prium Architecti, uti proportionibus ratæ partis habeant ædificia rationum exactiones. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15659" xml:space="preserve">quoniam uerò diſpo-
                <lb/>
              ſitio quædam libera eſt,quædam uero coacta, uel a loci, aut uſus, aut etiamformæ ænaceſſitate, ideo in libera,
                <lb/>
              ubi nihil impedit, atqueintegrum eſt, quicquid uolumus efficere ad ſymmetrias, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15660" xml:space="preserve">commenſus recurrendum
                <lb/>
              est; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15661" xml:space="preserve">in coacta uero ad ingenium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15662" xml:space="preserve">ſolertiam ueniendum eſt, ut ſymmetriarum rationem ad locinaturam,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.241-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.241-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              ad hominũ uſum, ad formam inchoatam accõmodemus,ita ut adijciẽdo,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15663" xml:space="preserve">detrahendo aſpectui ſatisfactũ ſit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15664" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15665" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Alia</emph>
              #enim ad manum ſpecies eſſe uidetur, alia in excelſo, non eadem in concluſo, diſsimilis in
                <lb/>
              aperto, in quibus magniiudicij eſt opera, quid tandem faciendum ſit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15666" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15667" xml:space="preserve">Ostendit naturam locialiam, atque aliam ſymmetriarum rationem quærere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15668" xml:space="preserve">loca aut proximc ad oculos,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15669" xml:space="preserve">in promptu ſunt, aut excelſe & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15670" xml:space="preserve">remota,aut concluſa, obſcuraq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15671" xml:space="preserve">, aut patentia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15672" xml:space="preserve">aperta, buiuſmodi lo-
                <lb/>
              corum diuerſitas, aliamatque aliam ſpeciem quærit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15673" xml:space="preserve">quam igitur quiſque exigat ſpeciem dignoſcere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15674" xml:space="preserve">ad eam
                <lb/>
              commenſus rationem accommodare, magni iudicij eſt opera. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15675" xml:space="preserve">Sed cur ex naturaloci ſpecies immutetur, ra-
                <lb/>
              tio eſt, quia uiſus fallitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15676" xml:space="preserve">nec ucros uidetur effectus babere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15677" xml:space="preserve">Vnde Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15678" xml:space="preserve">dicit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15679" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15680" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Non</emph>
              enim ueros uidetur habere uiſus effectus,ſed ſallitur ſæpe ab eius iudicio mens.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15681" xml:space="preserve">#Et hoc
                <lb/>
              probatur experientia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15682" xml:space="preserve">exemplis.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15683" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15684" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Qvemadmodvm</emph>
              etiam in ſcenis pictis uidentur columnarum proiecturæ mutulorum ecphoræ,
                <lb/>
              ſignorum figuræ prominentes,cum ſit tabula ſine dubioad regulam plana: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15685" xml:space="preserve">ſimiliter in nauibus remi,
                <lb/>
              cum ſint ſub aqua directi, tamen oculis infracti uidentur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15686" xml:space="preserve">quatenus eorum partes tangant ſummã
                <lb/>
              planitiem liquoris, apparent (uti ſunt) directi. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15687" xml:space="preserve">Cumuero ſub aqua ſunt demiſsi per naturæ perlucidã
                <lb/>
              raritatem remittunt enatantes ab ſuis corporibus fluentes imagines ad ſummamaquæ planitiem, atq;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15688" xml:space="preserve">ibi commotæ efficere uidenturiufractum remorum oculis aſpectum.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15689" xml:space="preserve">#Hocautem ſiue ſimulachrorũ
                <lb/>
              impulſu,ſeu radiorum ex oculis effuſionibus (uti phyſicis placet)uideamus, utraque ratione uidetur
                <lb/>
              ita eſſe, uti falſa iudicia oculorum habeat aſpectus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15690" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15691" xml:space="preserve">Experientia monet ex ijs, quæper opticen in tabula explanata pinguntur, partes rerum uideri promi-
                <lb/>
              uentes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15692" xml:space="preserve">fugientes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15693" xml:space="preserve">remotas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15694" xml:space="preserve">proximas, quatenus puncti ratio, ſitusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15695" xml:space="preserve">expoſtulat.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15696" xml:space="preserve">#Cum uerò non</s>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
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