Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div123" type="section" level="2" n="44">
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3408" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="38" file="514.01.070" n="70" rhead="LIBER"/>
              pe muros conantes ſcalas admouer infoſſa feriantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3409" xml:space="preserve">Foſſas amplas laudant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3410" xml:space="preserve">uerum an ſiccæ, an aqua plenæ eſ
                <lb/>
              ſe debeant, aliqui dubitant, tutas enim abigne dicunt eſse aquoſas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3411" xml:space="preserve">impedire acceſſum ad muros. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3412" xml:space="preserve">Contraue-
                <lb/>
              ro ſiccas affirmant commodas eſſe, ut ciues armati exeant ex improuiſo in hoſtes, ſortias appellant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3413" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum
                <lb/>
              aquoſæ, uel emanantes aquas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3414" xml:space="preserve">uiuas habent, uel aliunde profluentes, Viuæ, quæ ſunt tanquàm ibinaſcentes,
                <lb/>
              ab hoſtibus non poſſunt impediri, immo ſæpius hydraulicis, machinisq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3415" xml:space="preserve">tam late diffunduntur, ut quàm longiſsi-
                <lb/>
              me hoſtes arceant, uel etiam lædant, obſeſſionesq́ diſſoluant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3416" xml:space="preserve">profluentes aquæ ſi profundæ ſunt, ſubmergunt, ſi
                <lb/>
              paruæimpediunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3417" xml:space="preserve">nocent autem aquæ omnes murorum fundamentis, niſi diligentiſsime caueatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3418" xml:space="preserve">Solent exal-
                <lb/>
              tera foſſæ parte murulumm, quem contraſcarpam nominant, construere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3419" xml:space="preserve">tum ut terrenum onus foſſæ imminens ſu-
                <lb/>
              stineatur, tum ut receſſus hotium impediatur, non enim facilis est
                <unsure/>
              aſcenſus retrocedenti hoſti, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3420" xml:space="preserve">foſſam egredi
                <lb/>
              uolenti, hæc atque alia hiuſmodi conſideranda ſunt muros munire uolentibus, de quibus copioſiſſime alios ex-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.070-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.070-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              cellentes uiros pertractre audio, quorum iudicio & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3421" xml:space="preserve">experientiæ experientiæ multum deferri oportere cenſeo. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3422" xml:space="preserve">Propugna
                <lb/>
              culi uero deſcriptio est infra poſita.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3423" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div138" type="section" level="2" n="45">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head46" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De diuiſione operum, quæ intra muros ſunt, & eorum diſpoſi-
              <lb/>
            tione, ut uentorum noxy flatus uitentur. # Cap. VI.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3424" xml:space="preserve">MOenibus circundatis, ſequuntur intra murum arearum iduiſiones. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3425" xml:space="preserve">platearumq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3426" xml:space="preserve">, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3427" xml:space="preserve">angi-
                <lb/>
              portuum ad cœli regionem directiones.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3428" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3429" xml:space="preserve">Supra capite huius libri tertio Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3430" xml:space="preserve">dixit, ubi de publicorum operum dist
                <unsure/>
              ributionibus locu-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.070-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.070-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              tus est.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3431" xml:space="preserve">#Hæc autem ita fieri debent, ut habeatur ratio firmitatis, utilitatis, uenuſtatis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3432" xml:space="preserve">Fir-
                <lb/>
              mitatis erit ratio habita, cum fuerit fundamentorum ad ſoidum depreſſio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3433" xml:space="preserve">ex quaque materia copiarum
                <lb/>
              ſine auaritia diligens electio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3434" xml:space="preserve">ac de ſirmitate loquutus eſt capite ſuperiori. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3435" xml:space="preserve">post
                <unsure/>
              ea inquit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3436" xml:space="preserve">Vitilitatis autem
                <lb/>
              emendata, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3437" xml:space="preserve">ſine impeditione uſu locorum diſpoſitio, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3438" xml:space="preserve">ad regiones ſui cuiusque generis apta, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3439" xml:space="preserve">commo-
                <lb/>
              da diſtributio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3440" xml:space="preserve">Hoc igitur capite utilitatem exequitur, diuiditq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3441" xml:space="preserve">opera, quæ intra muros ſunt; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3442" xml:space="preserve">nam de utili-
                <lb/>
              tate uniuerſali capite quarto, ubi egit de locorum ſalubritate, multa ſatis diſſeruit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3443" xml:space="preserve">De venuſtate autem,
                <lb/>
              quæ ſpecies operis grata, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3444" xml:space="preserve">elegans, membrorumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3445" xml:space="preserve">commenſusinſtas habens ſymmetriarum rationes, pa-
                <lb/>
              rum quid in mœnibus circumdandis est dictum, atque id propterea factum eſt, ut intelligamus muros, propu-
                <lb/>
              gnacula, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3446" xml:space="preserve">huiuſmodi opera, quæ ad edfenſionem pertinent, ſeueritatem potius quandam quàm pulchritu-
                <lb/>
              dinem præſeferre debere, in quare animaduertenda eſt noſtrarum hominum ignorans diligentia, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3447" xml:space="preserve">inutilis in
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.070-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.070-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              muris, portis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3448" xml:space="preserve">propugnaculis construcendis ſumptuum effuſio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3449" xml:space="preserve">Cæ terum ſtudioſiſsime in reliquis uemuſtas
                <lb/>
              quæitur a Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3450" xml:space="preserve">ut patet cum ad ea opera peruenis, quæ ad religionem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3451" xml:space="preserve">opportunitatem ſpectant, in qui-
                <lb/>
              bus etiam & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3452" xml:space="preserve">firmitatis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3453" xml:space="preserve">utilitatis ratio non negligitur, quod pater intertio, quarto, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3454" xml:space="preserve">quinto libro. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3455" xml:space="preserve">Simi-
                <lb/>
              li forma in priuatis etiam ædificiorum rationibus ofſeruatur, ut est manifeſtum ſexto libro, ac demum paſ-
                <lb/>
              ſim firmit as, utilitas, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3456" xml:space="preserve">uenuſtas exigitur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3457" xml:space="preserve">Hoc igitur caput ad utilitatem ſpectat, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3458" xml:space="preserve">ad diſpoſitionem ope-
                <lb/>
              rum, quæ intra muros finun:</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3459" xml:space="preserve">, ut uentorum noxij flatus uitentur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3460" xml:space="preserve">Nam eſt aliud diſppſitionis genus, quod ad
                <lb/>
              decorum pertinet, de quo ſequenti capite dicetur, ubi agitur de electione locorum ad uſum communem ciuita-
                <lb/>
              tis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3461" xml:space="preserve">immo est ipſa uera diſpoſitio, quæ est rerum apta collocatio, elegansq́ in compoſitionibus effectus operis
                <lb/>
              cum qualitate. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3462" xml:space="preserve">Quod igitur pertinet ad præſens inſtitutum eſt, quod Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3463" xml:space="preserve">partitur opera, quæ intra muros
                <lb/>
              fiunt, ut utilitatis rationem habeat, quærit enim qua ratione areæ, plateæ, uici, dirigantur, ut noxij uento-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.070-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.070-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              rum flatus uitari poſsint. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3464" xml:space="preserve">qua occaſione ductus de uentis eorumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3465" xml:space="preserve">ui, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3466" xml:space="preserve">natura loquitur, ac primum diffinit
                <lb/>
              uentum, mox unde naſcatur exemplis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3467" xml:space="preserve">ratione oſtendit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3468" xml:space="preserve">inde uentorum effectus in corporibus expoinit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3469" xml:space="preserve">Vi-
                <lb/>
              tiaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3470" xml:space="preserve">enumerat quæ cum difficultate curantur in regionibus uentis expoſitis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3471" xml:space="preserve">Ac demum de numero, nomi-
                <lb/>
              nibusq́ uentorum multa dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3472" xml:space="preserve">Docetq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3473" xml:space="preserve">qua ratione regiones uentorum explorentur, quomodo meridies in-
                <lb/>
              ueſtigetur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3474" xml:space="preserve">quod primum intendebat, quomodo dirigantur plateæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3475" xml:space="preserve">uiæ, ut uentos noxios arceamus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3476" xml:space="preserve">Nos
                <lb/>
              ſingula ordine declarabimus, inquit igitur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3477" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3478" xml:space="preserve">Mœnibus circumdatis ſequuntnr intra muram arearum diuiſiones, platearumq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3479" xml:space="preserve">, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3480" xml:space="preserve">angiportuum
                <lb/>
              ad cœli regionem directiones.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3481" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3482" xml:space="preserve">Angiportus uicus eſt, uel uici caput angustum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3483" xml:space="preserve">Vulpianus portum apellat, concluſum locum quo im-
                <lb/>
              portantur merces, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3484" xml:space="preserve">inde exportantur, eqq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3485" xml:space="preserve">nibilominus ſtatio est concluſa, atque munita, inde angipor-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.070-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.070-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              tum dictum est.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3486" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3487" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Dirigentvr</emph>
              autem hæe rectè, ſiexcluſi erunt ex angiportis uenti prudenter, qui ſi frigidi ſunt,
                <lb/>
              lædunt, ſi calidi, uitiant, ſi humidi nocent.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3488" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3489" xml:space="preserve">Nocent humidi, intus enim eorum humiditas est nocumento, calidi uitiant, corrumpunt enim & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3490" xml:space="preserve">deſtruunt,
                <lb/>
              frigidi uero lædunt, extra enim frigus corpora lædit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3491" xml:space="preserve">recte igitur uſus eſt his tribus uerbis Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3492" xml:space="preserve">læe-
                <lb/>
              re, uitiare, nocere.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3493" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3494" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Qvare</emph>
              uitandum uidetur hoc uitium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3495" xml:space="preserve">aduertendum ne fiat, quod in multis ciuitatibus uſu
                <lb/>
              ſolet uenire.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3496" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3497" xml:space="preserve">Quis non fugiet aduerſa? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3498" xml:space="preserve">etiam ſine præcepto? </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3499" xml:space="preserve">ſed quia multi ignorant quod nocet, lædit, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3500" xml:space="preserve">uitiat, ideo
                <lb/>
              præcipitur, ut ea uitia noſcamus, ut poſtea fugiamus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3501" xml:space="preserve">Noſcuntur autem ex effectibus, unde dicit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3502" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
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