Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div174" type="section" level="2" n="48">
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4667" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="51" file="514.01.083" n="83" rhead="SECVNDVS."/>
              eius ſpecies, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4668" xml:space="preserve">e quibus rebus eſſet nata, dicere. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4669" xml:space="preserve">Itaq; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4670" xml:space="preserve">quid oporteat eſſe in Architecto ibi pronũciaui.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4671" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4672" xml:space="preserve">Et merito quidem, optime enim institutum eſt, ut proponatur finis, cuius uis maxima eſt, mox ut ea, quæ
                <lb/>
              ad finem ducunt; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4673" xml:space="preserve">exequamur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4674" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4675" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Ergo</emph>
              in primo de artis officio, in hoc de naturalibus materiæ rebus, quẽ habeãt uſum diſputabo.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4676" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4677" xml:space="preserve">Namres naturales ſunt ex quibus ædificia conſurgunt: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4678" xml:space="preserve">officium autem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4679" xml:space="preserve">finis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4680" xml:space="preserve">terminationes ex qui-
                <lb/>
              bus doctrina, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4681" xml:space="preserve">ſcientia perficitur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4682" xml:space="preserve">cumigitur aliud ſit artis, aliud rei artefactæ initium, cumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4683" xml:space="preserve">ratione finis
                <lb/>
              ars primum terminanda ſit quàm opus efficiatur, non immerito primum uolumen huic præpoſitum eſt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4684" xml:space="preserve">Quam-
                <lb/>
              obrem Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4685" xml:space="preserve">dicit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4686" xml:space="preserve">{ Namq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4687" xml:space="preserve">hic liber non profitetur, unde Architectura naſcatur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4688" xml:space="preserve">} hoc enim primo uolu-
                <lb/>
              mine declarauit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4689" xml:space="preserve">{ Sed unde origines ædificiorum ſunt institutæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4690" xml:space="preserve">quibus rationibus enutritæ, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4691" xml:space="preserve">pro-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.083-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.083-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              greſſæ ſunt gradatim ad hanc finitionem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4692" xml:space="preserve">} Ergo ita ſuo ordine, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4693" xml:space="preserve">loco huius erit uoluminis conſtitutio. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4694" xml:space="preserve">Et
                <lb/>
              ſubdit quid hoc uolumine continetur, figura utens perſpticuitatis dum præmonet quibus de rebus agendum ſit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4695" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4696" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Nvnc</emph>
              reuertar ad propoſitum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4697" xml:space="preserve">de copijs, quæ aptæ ſunt ædificiorum perfectionibus, quemad-
                <lb/>
              modum uideantur eſſe ab natura rerum procreatæ, quibusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4698" xml:space="preserve">mixtionibus principiorum congreſſus
                <lb/>
              temperentur, ne obſcura, ſed perſpicua legentibus ſint, ratiocinabor. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4699" xml:space="preserve">Recte inquam dixit ratioci-
                <lb/>
              nabor, nam statim ſubdit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4700" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4701" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Nanqve</emph>
              nulla materiarum genera, neque corpora, neque res ſine principiourum cætu naſci, neq;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4702" xml:space="preserve">ſubijci intellectui poſſunt, neque aliter natura rerum præceptis Phyſicorum ueras patitur habere ex-
                <lb/>
              plicationes, niſi cauſæ, quæ ſunt in rebus, quemadmodum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4703" xml:space="preserve">quid ita ſint, ſubtilibus rationibus ha-
                <lb/>
              beant demonſtrationes . </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4704" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4705" xml:space="preserve">Res omnis ita ut eſt, cognoſcitur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4706" xml:space="preserve">per ſuas cauſas cognoſcitur, nam ubi non præcedit cauſæ notitia, nec
                <lb/>
              rei ſubſequi notitia poteſt, quare cum omnia permixta elementis conſtent: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4707" xml:space="preserve">elementa autem cauſæ rerum ſint,
                <lb/>
              non poſſumus res cognoſcere niſi cognitis elementis; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4708" xml:space="preserve">porrò elementa cognoſcuntur per ſuas qualitates, affe-
                <lb/>
              ctionesq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4709" xml:space="preserve">. de ijs igitur merito tractandum eſt prius.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4710" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div188" type="section" level="2" n="49">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head50" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De principijs rerum ſecundum Philoſophorum opinio-
              <lb/>
            nes. # Cap. II.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4711" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">THales</emph>
              quidem primum aquam putauit omnium rerum eſſe principium. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4712" xml:space="preserve">Heraclitus
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.083-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.083-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              Epheſius, qui propter obſcuritatem ſcriptorum a Græcis ſcotinos eſt appellatus , ignem.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4713" xml:space="preserve">Democritus, quiq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4714" xml:space="preserve">eum ſequutus eſt, Epicurus, Atomos, quas noſtri inſecabilia corpo-
                <lb/>
              ra, nonnulli indiuidua uo citauerunt, Pythagoreorum uero diſciplina adiecit ad aquam,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4715" xml:space="preserve">ignem aerem, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4716" xml:space="preserve">terrenum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4717" xml:space="preserve">Ergo Democtritus & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4718" xml:space="preserve">ſi non proprie res nominauit, ſed tantum indi-
                <lb/>
              uidua corpora propoſuit, ideo ea ipſa dixiſſe uidetur, quod ea cum ſint diſiuncta, nec leguntur, nec
                <lb/>
              internitionem recipiunt, ſed ſempiterno æuo perpetuo infinitam retinent ſoliditatem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4719" xml:space="preserve">Ex his ergo
                <lb/>
              congruentibus cum res omnes coire, naſciq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4720" xml:space="preserve">uideantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4721" xml:space="preserve">hæ in infinitis generibus rerum natura eſ-
                <lb/>
              ſent diſparatæ, putaui oportere deuarietatibus , & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4722" xml:space="preserve">diſcriminibus, uſus earum, quaſq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4723" xml:space="preserve">haberent in ædi-
                <lb/>
              ſicijs qualitates exponere; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4724" xml:space="preserve">uti cum fuerint notæ, non habeant, qui ædificare cogitant, errorem, ſed aptas
                <lb/>
              ad uſum copias ædificijs comparent.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4725" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4726" xml:space="preserve">Philoſophorum ſententias de rerum initijs hoc loco enumerat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4727" xml:space="preserve">initia uero non omnia intelligit, ſed ea quæ ele-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.083-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.083-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              menta uocantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4728" xml:space="preserve">Eſt autem elementum e quo res ſtatim fiunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4729" xml:space="preserve">in quod denique diſſoluuntur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4730" xml:space="preserve">Aquam
                <lb/>
              Thales initium rerum omnium ſtatuit, humida enim rerum ſetmina uidebat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4731" xml:space="preserve">Heraclitus ignem; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4732" xml:space="preserve">agere enim
                <lb/>
              imprimis cernebat ignem, caloreq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4733" xml:space="preserve">omnia foueri. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4734" xml:space="preserve">Indiuidua quædam corpuſcula Democritus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4735" xml:space="preserve">Epicurus,
                <lb/>
              Quatuor elementa Pytbagorici. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4736" xml:space="preserve">Non moratur nos Vitru. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4737" xml:space="preserve">ulla contentione, ſed Pythagoreorum ſententiæ
                <lb/>
              ſubſcribit, ut potè quæ ſenſibus magis arrideat, clarius tamen in proæ octaui libri de illa ediſſerit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4738" xml:space="preserve">non pi-
                <lb/>
              geat legentes eò ſe conferre. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4739" xml:space="preserve">Sed quoniam Democriti mens abſtruſa, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4740" xml:space="preserve">recondita eſt, non erit ab re magni phi-
                <lb/>
              loſophiſententiam paucis explicare, ne rem abſurdam tanto uiro, cui Ariſtoteles tantum tribuit, imponamus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4741" xml:space="preserve">Atomis ideſt indiuiduis corporibus elementorum uim tribuebat ille, nam cum cerneret omnia corpora natura
                <lb/>
              conſtantia partes habere nonnullas, quæ & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4742" xml:space="preserve">ratione, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4743" xml:space="preserve">nomine inter ſe diſſentirent, aliàs uero, quæ uocabulo,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4744" xml:space="preserve">ui conſentiebant, de quibus priori uolumine ſatis eſt dictum, diſſimiles illis partes ex ſimilibus tanquam
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.083-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.083-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              elementis conſtare uolebat, nam manus, pedes, caputq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4745" xml:space="preserve">quæ ſunt diſſim liuoce, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4746" xml:space="preserve">facultate partes, ex ſan-
                <lb/>
              guine, carne, oſſibusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4747" xml:space="preserve">componebat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4748" xml:space="preserve">Sanguinem uero, carnem, oſſaq́;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4749" xml:space="preserve">, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4750" xml:space="preserve">huiuſmodi partes appellatione, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4751" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              ratione ſimiles ex indiuiduis quibuſdam corporibus constare uolebat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4752" xml:space="preserve">Indiuidua uero illa innumerabilia, fi-
                <lb/>
              gura, formaq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4753" xml:space="preserve">differentia ſtatuebat, quæ ideo eſſe indiuidua dicebat, non quia ſecari non poſſent, nullum enim
                <lb/>
              corpus, quatenus corpus eſt inſecabile, nam & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4754" xml:space="preserve">in latum & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4755" xml:space="preserve">in longum, profundumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4756" xml:space="preserve">distenditur omne cor-
                <lb/>
              pus , & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4757" xml:space="preserve">protrahitur, ſed ideo inſecabilia, quia tam minima erant, ut nullum naturalem uſum, actionemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4758" xml:space="preserve">præ-
                <lb/>
              starent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4759" xml:space="preserve">Quatenus ergo natura conſtabant, ſecari non poterant, nam caro uſque adeo in minutas partes con
                <lb/>
              cidi potest, ut neque caro ſit, neque carnis officium præſtet . </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4760" xml:space="preserve">ſanguis item & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4761" xml:space="preserve">oſſa huiuſmodi ſunt, cum ad mi-
                <lb/>
              nimum deuenere, ex ijs ergo minutijs conſtare omnia corpora uoluit. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4762" xml:space="preserve">hoc ipſo auero aberrans, quod figuris
                <lb/>
              tribuit, quod erat naturæ, figura enim accidens eſt, accidens autem ad naturam, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4763" xml:space="preserve">uim conflandum non per-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.083-06" xlink:href="note-514.01.083-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
              </s>
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