Vitruvius, De architectura libri decem, 1567

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          <div xml:id="echoid-div553" type="section" level="2" n="94">
            <pb o="210" file="514.01.242" n="242" rhead="LIBER"/>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15697" xml:space="preserve">promineant, neque abſcedant, neque remotioes, aut magis proximæ ſint, uideantur tamen ita eſſe, procul-
                <lb/>
              dubio non uidentur oculorum proprios habere uiſus effectus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15698" xml:space="preserve">Vnde Plinius#libro#31. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15699" xml:space="preserve">cap.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15700" xml:space="preserve">4.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15701" xml:space="preserve">inquit ſce-
                <lb/>
              nam ludis Claudij pulchrimagnam babuiſſe admirationem picturæ, cum ad tegularum ſimilitudinem Coriui
                <lb/>
              decepti imagine aduolarent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15702" xml:space="preserve">pariforma directi cum ſint remi, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15703" xml:space="preserve">uideantur infracti ſub aqua, fallitur uiſus
                <lb/>
              in ijs iudicandis, quæad eum pertinent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15704" xml:space="preserve">Sed error is non a uiſu prouenit, ſed ab imagine, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15705" xml:space="preserve">ſpecie, medioq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15706" xml:space="preserve">ita affecto, ut rei imago aliter in aqua,aliter in aere conſpiciatur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15707" xml:space="preserve">Fallaciæ autem uiſus ſunt, aut ab interſti-
                <lb/>
              tiorum & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15708" xml:space="preserve">mediorum, per quæ uidemus, diuerſitate, nam res directæ uidentur infractæ, paruæ uidentur ma-
                <lb/>
              gnæ, remotæ uidentur propinquæ, aut ratione medij, uel denſi, uelrari, uel immoti, uel fluentis. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15709" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              Lux nimia impedit, parua non permittit uidere minutas res. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15710" xml:space="preserve">Velocitas motus continuatam ſpeciem in diſpa-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.242-01" xlink:href="note-514.01.242-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
              ratisrebus afferre ſolet, ipſa quoque oculorum affectio ob bumorem, aut ſiccitatem errores in uidendo parit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15711" xml:space="preserve">Diſtantiæ quoque rerum figuras immutant, hoc eſt, quadratas res alonge teretes bideri, aer enim ob inter-
                <lb/>
              ualla figurarum angulos abſumit.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15712" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15713" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">Cvm</emph>
              #ergo quæ ſunt uera, falfa uideantur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15714" xml:space="preserve">nonnulla aliter quàm ſunt,oculis probentur, non puto
                <lb/>
              oportere eſſe dubium, quin ad locorum naturas, aut neceſsitates, detractiones, aut adiectiones fieri
                <lb/>
              debeant. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15715" xml:space="preserve">Sed ita ut nihil in his operibus deſideretur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15716" xml:space="preserve">Hæc autem etiam ingeniorum acuminibus, non
                <lb/>
              ſolum doctrinis efficiuntur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15717" xml:space="preserve">#Igitur ſtatuenda eſt primum ration ſymmetriarum, a qua ſumatur ſine
                <lb/>
              dubitatione commutatio Deinde explicetur operisſuturi, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15718" xml:space="preserve">locorum imum ſpatium longitudinis,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15719" xml:space="preserve">latitudinis, cuius cum ſemel conſtituta ſuerit magnitudo, ſequatur cauſa proportionis ad decorem
                <lb/>
              apparatio, uti non ſit conſiderantibus aſpectus eurythmiæ dubius;</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15720" xml:space="preserve">; de qua quibus rationibus efficiatur,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.242-02" xlink:href="note-514.01.242-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
              eſt mihi pronunciandum. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15721" xml:space="preserve">primumq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15722" xml:space="preserve">de cauis æ dium (uti fieri debeant )dicam.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15723" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15724" xml:space="preserve">Hoc locotacite nonnullorum inſcitia reprehenditur, qui cum membra ædificiorum aliqua ex antiquis me-
                <lb/>
              tiuntur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15725" xml:space="preserve">ea Vitruuianis regulis reſpondere non uident, statim ea damnant, quæ a Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15726" xml:space="preserve">dicta ſunt, meliusq́;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15727" xml:space="preserve">feciſſe poſteriores affirmant, quàm Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15728" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15729" xml:space="preserve">pro exemplari ea ſumunt, quæ diuerſis in locis menſurari con-
                <lb/>
              tigerit, nulla habita ratione, quorum operum ea membra fuerint, quibusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15730" xml:space="preserve">locis ædificia illa, quorum partes
                <lb/>
              diſiectas collegerunt, erant collocata, ea igitur tanquam firma arbitrantes omnibus in locis, eodemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15731" xml:space="preserve">modo
                <lb/>
              ponere ſolent. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15732" xml:space="preserve">nec recte conſiderant, quæ a Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15733" xml:space="preserve">ſemper auribus Architecti inculcantur, ut non ſolum propor
                <lb/>
              tiones, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15734" xml:space="preserve">ſymmetrias perſequi debeamus, ſed locinaturam, uſum, ſpeciemq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15735" xml:space="preserve">intueri. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15736" xml:space="preserve">Quare ſi quis coronam
                <lb/>
              theatri Marcelli diuerſam aliquantum a#Vitruuianis præceptis inuenerit, reliqua uero optime collocata, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15737" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              perfecta, non statim debet eius operis Architectum damnare.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15738" xml:space="preserve">#Nam ſi integrum opus liceret aſpicere, aliud
                <lb/>
              de eare iudicium freret. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15739" xml:space="preserve">Hinc quàm rectiſime dictum arbitror a Vitr. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15740" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15741" xml:space="preserve">maxime animaduertendum: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15742" xml:space="preserve">Quod
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.242-03" xlink:href="note-514.01.242-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
              licet nulla Architectimaior cura eſſe debeat, quàm ut proportionibus ratæ partis habeant ædificia rationum
                <lb/>
              exactiones, tamen deberenos conſiderare, quid uſus, quid locus, quid ſpecies poſtulet, ut cuma ſymmetrijs
                <lb/>
              diſcedere cogimur, posimus operum noſtrorum rationes monstrare, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15743" xml:space="preserve">aſpectui ſatisfacere.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15744" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
          </div>
          <div xml:id="echoid-div559" type="section" level="2" n="95">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head102" xml:space="preserve">De cauis ædium. Cap. 111.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15745" xml:space="preserve">
                <emph style="sc">CAva</emph>
              #ædium quinque generibus ſunt diſtincta, quorum ita figuræ nominantur,#Tuſcani-
                <lb/>
              cum, Corinthium, tetraſtylon, diſpluuiatum, teſtudinatum.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15746" xml:space="preserve">#Tuſcanica ſunt, in quibus
                <lb/>
              trabes in atrij latitudine traiectæ habeant interpenſiua, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15747" xml:space="preserve">colliquias ab angulis parietum,
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.242-04" xlink:href="note-514.01.242-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
              ad angulos tignorum intercurrentes. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15748" xml:space="preserve">Item afferibus ſtillicidiorum in medium complu-
                <lb/>
              uium deiectus. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15749" xml:space="preserve">In Corinthijs ijſdem rationibus trabes ,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15750" xml:space="preserve">compluuia collocantur, ſed a parietibus
                <lb/>
              trabes recedentesin circuitionem circa columnas componuntur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15751" xml:space="preserve">#Tetraſtyla ſunt, quæ ſubiectis ſub
                <lb/>
              trabibus angularibus columnis, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15752" xml:space="preserve">utilitatem trabibus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15753" xml:space="preserve">firmitatem præſtant, quod neque ipſæ ma-
                <lb/>
              gnum impetum coguntur habere, neque ab interpenſiuis onerantur.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15754" xml:space="preserve">#Diſpluuiata autem ſunt, in qui-
                <lb/>
              bus deliquiæ arcam ſuſtinentes ſtillicidia reijciunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15755" xml:space="preserve">Hæc Hæc hybernaculis maximas præſtant utilitates,
                <lb/>
              quod compluuia eorum erecta non obſtant luminibus tricliniorum, ſedea haberna in refectionibus mo
                <lb/>
              leſtiam magnam, quod circa parietes ſtillicidia defluentia continent, ſiſtulæ, quæ non celeriter reci-
                <lb/>
              piunt ex canalibus aquam defluentem. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15756" xml:space="preserve">Itaque redundantes reftagnant, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15757" xml:space="preserve">inteſtinum opus, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15758" xml:space="preserve">parie-
                <lb/>
              tes in eis generibus ædificiorum corrumpunt. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15759" xml:space="preserve">Teſtudinata ueroibifiunt, ubi non ſuntimpetus ma-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-514.01.242-05" xlink:href="note-514.01.242-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
              gni,& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15760" xml:space="preserve">in contignationibus ſupra ſpatioſa redduntur habitationibus.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15761" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p style="it">
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15762" xml:space="preserve">Cum ea nobis expoſita ſint, quæ conſiderare oportet, priuſquam ad fabricandum accedamus, tamratione,
                <lb/>
              partium,tractusq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15763" xml:space="preserve">cœli, ſecundum quem diſponere ædificia ſolemus,tamratione proportionum, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15764" xml:space="preserve">menſurarum
                <lb/>
              ad quas oculos conuertere debemus, tam in libera, quàm in coacta diſpoſitione: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15765" xml:space="preserve">iam orditur præceptatra-
                <lb/>
              dere, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15766" xml:space="preserve">commenſus ædium priuatorum ad eas partes proſpiciens, quæ digniores in ædibus habentur, ſiue com
                <lb/>
              munes, ſiue propriæſint, easq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15767" xml:space="preserve">ad perſonarum conditiones accommodat. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15768" xml:space="preserve">Initium huius tractationis est ab
                <lb/>
              illis partibus, quæ primum ſub aſpectum cadunt, nam & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15769" xml:space="preserve">tertio uolumine cum de templis ageret, abijs formis
                <lb/>
              ( ut dixi ) initium ſumpſit, quæ aſpectui ſtatim offerebantur. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15770" xml:space="preserve">Quodigitur in priuatis ædibus nobis primum
                <lb/>
              occurrit,eſt ſpecies exterior tecti, ſecundum quod abeo pluuiæ, imbresq́; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15771" xml:space="preserve">cadunt, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15772" xml:space="preserve">locus in quem imbres
                <lb/>
              cadunt, ideſt compluuium, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s15773" xml:space="preserve">impluuium, necratione caret, ab eare ordiri, a que primatotius facies cerni-</s>
            </p>
            <note position="left" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
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